Therapists in Downingtown, PA

Photo of Kaitlyn Gawrylewski, MA, BC-DMT, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kaitlyn Gawrylewski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, BC-DMT, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335
Later childhood and adolescence are one of the most challenging times in our lives. Whether you are a caregiver looking for someone to help your child manage the stressors that arise during these stages, or a teen looking for someone to help you navigate the emerging changes and challenges, my humanistic approach may be a good fit for you! I incorporate a whole person view when working with clients. Whether you are living with anxiety, depression, experiencing difficulty in family or peer relationships, or finding it a challenge acclimating to early adulthood, my collaborative approach may be the bridge toward optimal health.
Later childhood and adolescence are one of the most challenging times in our lives. Whether you are a caregiver looking for someone to help your child manage the stressors that arise during these stages, or a teen looking for someone to help you navigate the emerging changes and challenges, my humanistic approach may be a good fit for you! I incorporate a whole person view when working with clients. Whether you are living with anxiety, depression, experiencing difficulty in family or peer relationships, or finding it a challenge acclimating to early adulthood, my collaborative approach may be the bridge toward optimal health.
(484) 310-9062 View (484) 310-9062
Photo of Kimberly Lynn Mason, MA, LPC, NCC, ICADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kimberly Lynn Mason
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, ICADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping those who suffer with mental health and dual disorders. My approach is empathetic and compassion first, with the goal of helping my clients overcome the obstacles in their lives that are inhibiting them from achieving fulfillment in life. No two clients are alike, therefore I treat each person's needs as I partner with them to heal the body, mind and spirit. My method is eclectic whether I am seeing you individually or in group , I believe everyone is capable of healing; as a therapist, it is my job to help guide each person on their own, personal journey toward healing and growth.
I am passionate about helping those who suffer with mental health and dual disorders. My approach is empathetic and compassion first, with the goal of helping my clients overcome the obstacles in their lives that are inhibiting them from achieving fulfillment in life. No two clients are alike, therefore I treat each person's needs as I partner with them to heal the body, mind and spirit. My method is eclectic whether I am seeing you individually or in group , I believe everyone is capable of healing; as a therapist, it is my job to help guide each person on their own, personal journey toward healing and growth.
(610) 601-3978 View (610) 601-3978
Photo of Nikki Talarico Yatron, MA, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nikki Talarico Yatron
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335  (Online Only)
Hello! I am so happy you found my page! I am very passionate about what I do and the families I serve. I have been a Mental Health Therapist serving children and adolescence for over 7 years.  I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor. I am licensed in both DC and Pennsylvania. I hold a certification in TFCBT (Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and am in the process of obtaining my Registered Play Therapy Licensure.
Hello! I am so happy you found my page! I am very passionate about what I do and the families I serve. I have been a Mental Health Therapist serving children and adolescence for over 7 years.  I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor. I am licensed in both DC and Pennsylvania. I hold a certification in TFCBT (Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) and am in the process of obtaining my Registered Play Therapy Licensure.
(484) 209-1478 View (484) 209-1478
Photo of New Beginnings Therapeutic Services - New Beginnings Therapeutic Services, LPC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
New Beginnings Therapeutic Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335
New Beginnings Therapeutic Services is committed to being a client-centered practice. It is our goal to create a space for clients to share their most intimate thoughts and feelings, and for those thoughts to be received without judgment.
New Beginnings Therapeutic Services is committed to being a client-centered practice. It is our goal to create a space for clients to share their most intimate thoughts and feelings, and for those thoughts to be received without judgment.
(484) 237-1853 x100 View (484) 237-1853 x100
Photo of Vanessa Zottoli, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Vanessa Zottoli
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335
Hi! I am an anti-diet, weight inclusive provider. I specialize in working with clients who struggle with eating disorders and anxiety disorders. Are you struggling with restricting, binging, purging? Have a love/hate relationship with food? Anxious thoughts about school, social settings, or life? Maybe you feel like you will never recover, and have trouble feeling supported due to diet culture.
Hi! I am an anti-diet, weight inclusive provider. I specialize in working with clients who struggle with eating disorders and anxiety disorders. Are you struggling with restricting, binging, purging? Have a love/hate relationship with food? Anxious thoughts about school, social settings, or life? Maybe you feel like you will never recover, and have trouble feeling supported due to diet culture.
(484) 759-7552 View (484) 759-7552
Photo of Tori Kline, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, CBIS, RYT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tori Kline
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, ATR-BC, LPC, CBIS, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, Board Certified Art Therapist, Certified Brain Injury Specialist and Registered Yoga Teacher, I specialize in taking a creative and holistic approach to help clients find balance of mind, body and spirit. I seek to support and empower individuals to develop skills that align with their values and strengths, as a way to get in touch with a more mindful and centered sense of being to overcome life’s challenges. I aim to assist adults experiencing brain injury, physical disability or medical trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and chronic pain.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, Board Certified Art Therapist, Certified Brain Injury Specialist and Registered Yoga Teacher, I specialize in taking a creative and holistic approach to help clients find balance of mind, body and spirit. I seek to support and empower individuals to develop skills that align with their values and strengths, as a way to get in touch with a more mindful and centered sense of being to overcome life’s challenges. I aim to assist adults experiencing brain injury, physical disability or medical trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and chronic pain.
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Photo of Sandy Zeiset, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sandy Zeiset
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335
*I am now offering Telehealth appointments* Change is hard. When you’re in the middle of a life transition, it’s easy to feel lost. Heading off to college or a new career, going through a divorce or a newly “empty nest”, questioning your religious faith or your sexuality are just some of the things that can make you feel like you’re not sure who you are anymore. Maybe you want to make a change but can’t figure out what direction you want to go in. We all need guidance sometimes.
*I am now offering Telehealth appointments* Change is hard. When you’re in the middle of a life transition, it’s easy to feel lost. Heading off to college or a new career, going through a divorce or a newly “empty nest”, questioning your religious faith or your sexuality are just some of the things that can make you feel like you’re not sure who you are anymore. Maybe you want to make a change but can’t figure out what direction you want to go in. We all need guidance sometimes.
(484) 364-2509 View (484) 364-2509
Erin Elizabeth Reigle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335
Thank you for visiting my psychology today page! My philosophy is that clients are the experts on their own lives, and sometimes we all need guidance and support to achieve what we want to achieve. I base my approach on each individual client but primarily use a person centered approach along with teaching many coping skills from the DBT modality. I enjoy working with clients of all ages, including young children. I have also worked with a variety of different diagnoses and can help clients with a variety of issues. Included in this would be anxiety, depression, grief/loss, self esteem, and relationship issues.
Thank you for visiting my psychology today page! My philosophy is that clients are the experts on their own lives, and sometimes we all need guidance and support to achieve what we want to achieve. I base my approach on each individual client but primarily use a person centered approach along with teaching many coping skills from the DBT modality. I enjoy working with clients of all ages, including young children. I have also worked with a variety of different diagnoses and can help clients with a variety of issues. Included in this would be anxiety, depression, grief/loss, self esteem, and relationship issues.
(484) 209-0392 View (484) 209-0392
Photo of Lynn Charles - Women's Counseling Associates of Chester County, PsyD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Women's Counseling Associates of Chester County
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335  (Online Only)
Please note: We only offer video sessions. Our mission at Women's Counseling Associates of Chester County is to provide a space where women can work on themselves to become happier, successful and fulfilled in their lives. We guide our clients through the process of self-exploration, self-awareness, learning and growth. We work to remove any obstacles such as self-sabotage along with negative behavioral and thought patterns that may be inhibiting you from being the best you.
Please note: We only offer video sessions. Our mission at Women's Counseling Associates of Chester County is to provide a space where women can work on themselves to become happier, successful and fulfilled in their lives. We guide our clients through the process of self-exploration, self-awareness, learning and growth. We work to remove any obstacles such as self-sabotage along with negative behavioral and thought patterns that may be inhibiting you from being the best you.
(484) 498-6713 View (484) 498-6713
Photo of Lori Nelsen Luneburg, PhD, Psychologist
Lori Nelsen Luneburg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335
Are you tired of the toxicity? Have you lost your identity? Do you feel crazy in your current relationship and/or family ? Emotional/Psychological/Narcissistic and other types of abuse can take a huge toll on an individual's self esteem and ability to cope. I am a caring Licensed Clinical Psychologist with extensive experience with Narcissistic/Abusive/Toxic Relationships and Trauma. I also specialize in Women Issues, Mood Disorders/Anxiety as well as Eating Disorders. My goal in therapy is to help you understand what "healthy" looks like and empower you to set boundaries and create the life that you desire.
Are you tired of the toxicity? Have you lost your identity? Do you feel crazy in your current relationship and/or family ? Emotional/Psychological/Narcissistic and other types of abuse can take a huge toll on an individual's self esteem and ability to cope. I am a caring Licensed Clinical Psychologist with extensive experience with Narcissistic/Abusive/Toxic Relationships and Trauma. I also specialize in Women Issues, Mood Disorders/Anxiety as well as Eating Disorders. My goal in therapy is to help you understand what "healthy" looks like and empower you to set boundaries and create the life that you desire.
(610) 490-8635 View (610) 490-8635
Photo of Dr. Kathleen West, PhD, SEP, Psychologist
Dr. Kathleen West
Psychologist, PhD, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335
A graduate of Temple University, I have been a licensed psychologist since 1996. I work with a wide variety of clients and presenting problems including anxiety, depression, stress, grief and loss. I have specific expertise in the areas of early trauma, childhood and adolescent issues, parenting and chronic stress. Throughout my experience I have witnessed remarkable healing and a return to a sense of wholeness and aliveness that comes with support through honest and gentle exploration, reflection and self-awareness. The results often manifest in improved relationships, judgment and clarity.
A graduate of Temple University, I have been a licensed psychologist since 1996. I work with a wide variety of clients and presenting problems including anxiety, depression, stress, grief and loss. I have specific expertise in the areas of early trauma, childhood and adolescent issues, parenting and chronic stress. Throughout my experience I have witnessed remarkable healing and a return to a sense of wholeness and aliveness that comes with support through honest and gentle exploration, reflection and self-awareness. The results often manifest in improved relationships, judgment and clarity.
(610) 624-8743 View (610) 624-8743
Photo of Suzann Steadman - Chester Springs Clinical Associates, LLC, PsyD, DAPA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Chester Springs Clinical Associates, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, DAPA, LPC
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335
Dr. Suzann Steadman holds a doctorate degree in Clinical Psychology, and is a PA Certified School Psychologist. Licensed in Pennsylvania, Dr. Steadman has also received advanced training in behavioral analysis, conflict management, critical incident management, organizational leadership, cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques, treatment and evaluation of autism spectrum disorders, anxiety among high-achieving students, and the utilization of strength-based interventions. She provides a wide variety of psychotherapeutic and assessment services to patients in the Chester Springs office, as well as through school district or corporate contracts.
Dr. Suzann Steadman holds a doctorate degree in Clinical Psychology, and is a PA Certified School Psychologist. Licensed in Pennsylvania, Dr. Steadman has also received advanced training in behavioral analysis, conflict management, critical incident management, organizational leadership, cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques, treatment and evaluation of autism spectrum disorders, anxiety among high-achieving students, and the utilization of strength-based interventions. She provides a wide variety of psychotherapeutic and assessment services to patients in the Chester Springs office, as well as through school district or corporate contracts.
(610) 518-2422 View (610) 518-2422
Photo of Michaela Finley, LCSW, MEd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michaela Finley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335
Not accepting new clients
We all sometimes struggle with stressors in life. They can be big or small, but at the end of the day we benefit from getting some help. My goal is to provide a safe supportive environment where you can learn to challenge your negative thoughts and become more confident and secure in your life. Together we can confront issues that impact your daily life, from anxiety and depression to issues related to sexuality and identity.
We all sometimes struggle with stressors in life. They can be big or small, but at the end of the day we benefit from getting some help. My goal is to provide a safe supportive environment where you can learn to challenge your negative thoughts and become more confident and secure in your life. Together we can confront issues that impact your daily life, from anxiety and depression to issues related to sexuality and identity.
(610) 632-1443 View (610) 632-1443
Photo of Mindy Jewell Bell - Tranquil Solutions Counseling Center, LLC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tranquil Solutions Counseling Center, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335
Tranquil Solutions Counseling Center (TSCC) is committed to providing clients with a safe and supportive atmosphere in which to address issues preventing their ability to live life to the fullest. We seek to assist clients experiencing issues including anxiety, depression, trauma and grief, along with those experiencing life and career transitions. We also offer psychiatric evaluations and medication management. TSCC staff utilize a collaborative approach with clients, ultimately seeking to empower individuals with the tools needed to manage barriers to their success.
Tranquil Solutions Counseling Center (TSCC) is committed to providing clients with a safe and supportive atmosphere in which to address issues preventing their ability to live life to the fullest. We seek to assist clients experiencing issues including anxiety, depression, trauma and grief, along with those experiencing life and career transitions. We also offer psychiatric evaluations and medication management. TSCC staff utilize a collaborative approach with clients, ultimately seeking to empower individuals with the tools needed to manage barriers to their success.
(610) 295-5199 View (610) 295-5199
Photo of Erica Colbert, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Erica Colbert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335
Life is a continuous journey through which we experience challenges and successes. The challenges may leave us feeling overwhelmed, confused, sad, or desperate. What we do with these experiences and feelings shape our continued journey through life. Do you feel challenged by struggles in your life? Looking to find meaning, achieve balance, and seek growth towards your true self?
Life is a continuous journey through which we experience challenges and successes. The challenges may leave us feeling overwhelmed, confused, sad, or desperate. What we do with these experiences and feelings shape our continued journey through life. Do you feel challenged by struggles in your life? Looking to find meaning, achieve balance, and seek growth towards your true self?
(610) 477-5712 View (610) 477-5712
Photo of Judith A Freed, MA, Psychologist
Judith A Freed
Psychologist, MA
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335
We all experience challenges at one time or another in our lives that feel overwhelming and confusing, whether they be work, family, personal, relationship, etc. Consulting a professional during these stressful times can provide a sense of direction and reassurance. As a firm believer in each person's inherent strengths and resources, I will work with you to identify obstacles and develop new tools to help more effectively meet challenging circumstances. I
We all experience challenges at one time or another in our lives that feel overwhelming and confusing, whether they be work, family, personal, relationship, etc. Consulting a professional during these stressful times can provide a sense of direction and reassurance. As a firm believer in each person's inherent strengths and resources, I will work with you to identify obstacles and develop new tools to help more effectively meet challenging circumstances. I
(484) 401-9263 View (484) 401-9263
Photo of Anthony Yuschak, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anthony Yuschak
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335
My therapeutic approach is informed by my background in meditation, Eastern contemplative philosophy, and evolutionary psychology. I work with clients to establish a treatment plan that is uniquely sensitive to their particular clinical needs and concerns. Some of the most common techniques I employ focus on the important relationship between body and mind; these experiential, somatic, and cognitive interventions allow for critical shifts in perspective that promote meaningful and enduring behavioral change.
My therapeutic approach is informed by my background in meditation, Eastern contemplative philosophy, and evolutionary psychology. I work with clients to establish a treatment plan that is uniquely sensitive to their particular clinical needs and concerns. Some of the most common techniques I employ focus on the important relationship between body and mind; these experiential, somatic, and cognitive interventions allow for critical shifts in perspective that promote meaningful and enduring behavioral change.
(484) 851-9192 View (484) 851-9192
Photo of Sally Carpenter, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sally Carpenter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Downingtown, PA 19335
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I help adults and teens who are struggling with over-thinking, excessive worrying, feeling overwhelmed, feeling low or frequently annoyed. I work with people who want healthier relationships and more self-confidence.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I help adults and teens who are struggling with over-thinking, excessive worrying, feeling overwhelmed, feeling low or frequently annoyed. I work with people who want healthier relationships and more self-confidence.
(484) 900-2913 View (484) 900-2913
Photo of Audrey Najor Hall, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Audrey Najor Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335  (Online Only)
Are you often unaware of what is bothering you? Are difficult thoughts, memories, or feelings (like anger, depression, anxiety, or distress) getting in the way of what you really want to do? Is it difficult to cope with stress? Do you want to live a more full, rich & meaningful life? If so, I can help. I specialize in Anxiety disorders; Depressive disorders including grief and loss; Developmental/ life transitions; Relationship issues; Trauma and Stress Related Disorders, and Acculturation, assimilation & ethnic Identity issues. I offer individual & couples therapy via video sessions & teletherapy only
Are you often unaware of what is bothering you? Are difficult thoughts, memories, or feelings (like anger, depression, anxiety, or distress) getting in the way of what you really want to do? Is it difficult to cope with stress? Do you want to live a more full, rich & meaningful life? If so, I can help. I specialize in Anxiety disorders; Depressive disorders including grief and loss; Developmental/ life transitions; Relationship issues; Trauma and Stress Related Disorders, and Acculturation, assimilation & ethnic Identity issues. I offer individual & couples therapy via video sessions & teletherapy only
(610) 632-5410 View (610) 632-5410
Photo of Colin Smith, LPC, Counselor
Colin Smith
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Downingtown, PA 19335  (Online Only)
Are you a teen or young adult struggling to navigate social pressures and responsibilities? A parent of a struggling teen? I help create self-esteem and establish proper perspectives when young adults feel overwhelmed. A full-time school counselor, Colin Smith has been working with adolescents both in schools and in outpatient therapy for nearly twenty years. Working in both public and approved private schools as well as community mental health has provided Colin with various learning opportunities. Areas of experience include individuals with anxiety, depression, self-esteem deficits, autism, and conduct disorders.
Are you a teen or young adult struggling to navigate social pressures and responsibilities? A parent of a struggling teen? I help create self-esteem and establish proper perspectives when young adults feel overwhelmed. A full-time school counselor, Colin Smith has been working with adolescents both in schools and in outpatient therapy for nearly twenty years. Working in both public and approved private schools as well as community mental health has provided Colin with various learning opportunities. Areas of experience include individuals with anxiety, depression, self-esteem deficits, autism, and conduct disorders.
(610) 753-4643 View (610) 753-4643
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Downingtown, PA

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Downingtown, PA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
77% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
68% Coping Skills
61% Stress
60% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
79% Highmark
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Downingtown, PA see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Downingtown?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.