Therapists in Tama County, IA
![Photo of Betty J Karkosh, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3ca772f3-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/3/320x400.jpeg)
We can all get stuck, overwhelmed, or just feel hopeless in our lives for many different reasons. But when problems begin to disrupt sleep, appetite, or cause negative mood changes, it is important to seek counseling! Whether dealing with emotional /mental health issues or couple / family difficulties, I ensure professional care, that is honest, respectful and with your best interest at heart. Together we build hope with better solutions by gaining realistic insight, and increasing tools for control back in your life. This allows healing and positive life changes to be experienced.
We can all get stuck, overwhelmed, or just feel hopeless in our lives for many different reasons. But when problems begin to disrupt sleep, appetite, or cause negative mood changes, it is important to seek counseling! Whether dealing with emotional /mental health issues or couple / family difficulties, I ensure professional care, that is honest, respectful and with your best interest at heart. Together we build hope with better solutions by gaining realistic insight, and increasing tools for control back in your life. This allows healing and positive life changes to be experienced.
![Photo of Dawn M Hupfeld, MS, LMHC, CCPT-II, CDBT, CPD, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/40ed97b5-c7bf-4033-b2e6-8af96a17da93/1/320x400.jpeg)
Dawn M Hupfeld
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CCPT-II, CDBT, CPD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Dysart, IA 52224 (Online Only)
I have made it my professional mission to assist and support adults who have been struggling with generational trauma, complex trauma, PTSD, and dysfunctional attachment styles that cause issues in relationships, work, school, and families.
I have made it my professional mission to assist and support adults who have been struggling with generational trauma, complex trauma, PTSD, and dysfunctional attachment styles that cause issues in relationships, work, school, and families.
![Photo of Holly Smigel Journey Counseling Services, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/111f7d6b-9041-4e5b-9086-0f3399306d0e/1/320x400.jpeg)
I have worked in a variety of mental health settings over a period of 20+ years including residential treatment for children and adults, supported living services for adults with mental illness, chemical dependency treatment, emergency/crisis counseling, biblical counseling in church settings, hospital programs for adults with chronic mental illness and vocational counseling. My areas of specialty include depression and anxiety in women. I offer individual counseling for women, children and teens. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Iowa.
I have worked in a variety of mental health settings over a period of 20+ years including residential treatment for children and adults, supported living services for adults with mental illness, chemical dependency treatment, emergency/crisis counseling, biblical counseling in church settings, hospital programs for adults with chronic mental illness and vocational counseling. My areas of specialty include depression and anxiety in women. I offer individual counseling for women, children and teens. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Iowa.
![Photo of McKenzie Carpenter, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ff461606-6cab-437b-80d7-8bc77e3dfbfc/1/320x400.jpeg)
My approach to therapy is tailored to fit your needs. I utilize a variety of techniques and theories to provide you with the best possible care in a comforting environment. I pride myself in my genuine approach to nonjudgmental listening and working with clients to discover new possibilities for growth. I provide counseling to individuals, children, families, and couples by assisting them in recognizing their potential strengths and resilient ability to overcome life’s challenges. I strive to provide competent, compassionate, and client-centered counseling that supports individuals in processing past issues and managing struggles.
My approach to therapy is tailored to fit your needs. I utilize a variety of techniques and theories to provide you with the best possible care in a comforting environment. I pride myself in my genuine approach to nonjudgmental listening and working with clients to discover new possibilities for growth. I provide counseling to individuals, children, families, and couples by assisting them in recognizing their potential strengths and resilient ability to overcome life’s challenges. I strive to provide competent, compassionate, and client-centered counseling that supports individuals in processing past issues and managing struggles.
Online Therapists
![Photo of Jennifer Brost, LMHC, NCC, MA, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/cfb9ccdb-c6cf-46ff-96b4-2b1e9cd44397/3/320x400.jpeg)
Few things are more distressing than when an important relationship is not going as well as it could. Whether relationship problems are causing you stress or if you are simply struggling within yourself, I would be honored to assist you on your journey towards greater emotional and relational health. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), and am also a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC). Additionally, I am a Myers-Briggs Certified Practitioner.
Few things are more distressing than when an important relationship is not going as well as it could. Whether relationship problems are causing you stress or if you are simply struggling within yourself, I would be honored to assist you on your journey towards greater emotional and relational health. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), and am also a Nationally Certified Counselor (NCC). Additionally, I am a Myers-Briggs Certified Practitioner.
![Photo of Amy Steve, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/1f544cf7-8730-407d-bc76-c6ba77785508/1/320x400.jpeg)
Life’s journey can create many experiences leading us through paths of adventure and also challenge. When faced with difficulties/hardships in life, the road can often leave us feeling isolated, lonely, ashamed, weak, unloved, and even broken. My name is Amy Steve. I am a licensed Independent Social Worker, but more importantly, I am a mental health therapist and individual that cares deeply about helping children, adolescents, and adults overcome roadblocks that they may face on their journey through life. I believe that each person is unique and that is why treatment will be individually tailored to meet your specific needs.
Life’s journey can create many experiences leading us through paths of adventure and also challenge. When faced with difficulties/hardships in life, the road can often leave us feeling isolated, lonely, ashamed, weak, unloved, and even broken. My name is Amy Steve. I am a licensed Independent Social Worker, but more importantly, I am a mental health therapist and individual that cares deeply about helping children, adolescents, and adults overcome roadblocks that they may face on their journey through life. I believe that each person is unique and that is why treatment will be individually tailored to meet your specific needs.
![Photo of Deziree Wiegmann, MS, NCC, tLMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/afbb4966-40ef-4805-8097-f72f147f2fc7/1/320x400.jpeg)
I am a licensed therapist with my Master of Science degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Winona State University. I work with modalities including CBT, Adlerian, Solution Focused, and Person Centered. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, and trauma, in children, adolescents, and adults. I also have experience working with individuals of marginalized populations including LGBTQ+ community members and persons of color. I focus on creating a safe and comfortable space for the client along with using a collaborative and strength based approach to encourage healing and growth.
I am a licensed therapist with my Master of Science degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Winona State University. I work with modalities including CBT, Adlerian, Solution Focused, and Person Centered. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, and trauma, in children, adolescents, and adults. I also have experience working with individuals of marginalized populations including LGBTQ+ community members and persons of color. I focus on creating a safe and comfortable space for the client along with using a collaborative and strength based approach to encourage healing and growth.
![Photo of Rachael Bolaños Jackson, tLMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6cb9af90-a530-4dc2-b5d2-6dcfed60f40d/2/320x400.jpeg)
Rachael Bolaños Jackson
Counselor, tLMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266
Waitlist for new clients
Congratulations, on taking the first steps on your healing journey. We don’t heal alone, and I’m humbled to stand side by side with those on this journey, to be a reliable presence of encouragement while taking the steps to heal emotionally and mentally. My greatest passion lies in assisting people to unlock the ability to live their most authentic lives, in a society that often doesn’t prioritize mental well-being. I take a systemic approach to mental health therapy and specialize in working with people of color and individuals with marginalized social identities.
Congratulations, on taking the first steps on your healing journey. We don’t heal alone, and I’m humbled to stand side by side with those on this journey, to be a reliable presence of encouragement while taking the steps to heal emotionally and mentally. My greatest passion lies in assisting people to unlock the ability to live their most authentic lives, in a society that often doesn’t prioritize mental well-being. I take a systemic approach to mental health therapy and specialize in working with people of color and individuals with marginalized social identities.
![Photo of Brooke Arp, MS, MSE, LMHC, RPT, EMDR, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/69b08af5-ab42-4d7b-ac20-fc97c7833f90/2/320x400.jpeg)
My goal is not only finding the safe, confidential space within therapy but also the ability for each individual to walk away with a greater sense of connection and understanding of themselves, while also feeling supported and accepted on your terms. With this increased acceptance of self you are able to focus on your present and future goals, relationships with others and manage emotions in a healthier manner. This road can be difficult at times, but taking the first step with starting therapy can help you achieve what you envision for your life.
My goal is not only finding the safe, confidential space within therapy but also the ability for each individual to walk away with a greater sense of connection and understanding of themselves, while also feeling supported and accepted on your terms. With this increased acceptance of self you are able to focus on your present and future goals, relationships with others and manage emotions in a healthier manner. This road can be difficult at times, but taking the first step with starting therapy can help you achieve what you envision for your life.
![Photo of William Drier, PhD, LISW, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/40b68c82-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/1/320x400.jpeg)
William Drier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LISW, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Waterloo, IA 50702
Bill has a very straightforward and matter-of-fact approach to psychotherapy and counseling. He describes his approach as "change oriented", believing the client's inherent strengths provide the keys to growth and recovery. Bill recognized the profound role the family plays in mental health. Bill finds working with families especially rewarding. Much of that works includes couple and marriage counseling and youth.
Bill has a very straightforward and matter-of-fact approach to psychotherapy and counseling. He describes his approach as "change oriented", believing the client's inherent strengths provide the keys to growth and recovery. Bill recognized the profound role the family plays in mental health. Bill finds working with families especially rewarding. Much of that works includes couple and marriage counseling and youth.
![Photo of Montana Meyer, MA, NCC, tLMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bb824167-f232-4f5b-8475-fc45f2455265/2/320x400.jpeg)
Montana Meyer
Counselor, MA, NCC, tLMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grundy Center, IA 50638 (Online Only)
We all experience change; some alter our lives and functioning significantly. Making healthy adjustments can require skills which you have limited or no experience utilizing. Simply recognizing that you are having some difficulty, can be elusive, but is an essential first step. You may need support and further encouragement to take additional steps towards your healing. As your counselor, I can offer a collaborative and supportive space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings about the circumstances which are presenting in your life and support you as you move through your journey.
We all experience change; some alter our lives and functioning significantly. Making healthy adjustments can require skills which you have limited or no experience utilizing. Simply recognizing that you are having some difficulty, can be elusive, but is an essential first step. You may need support and further encouragement to take additional steps towards your healing. As your counselor, I can offer a collaborative and supportive space where you can explore your thoughts and feelings about the circumstances which are presenting in your life and support you as you move through your journey.
![Photo of Farrah Bonde, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/2472527f-5be2-484e-8f3c-0b9c4e4cf4d0/1/320x400.jpeg)
Farrah Bonde
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Coralville, IA 52241 (Online Only)
Farrah is accepting new patients and can offer appointments typically within 2 weeks. Farrah has worked in mental health for over twenty years. Her clinical expertise includes working with teens, adults, couples, and families with a wide range of emotional, relationship, and professional challenges. Farrah has extensive experience helping clients work through trauma, grief, divorce, life transitions, work stress, anxiety and depression. Farrah creates a safe space for her clients to be open, learn new skills and work through difficult issues while supported.
Farrah is accepting new patients and can offer appointments typically within 2 weeks. Farrah has worked in mental health for over twenty years. Her clinical expertise includes working with teens, adults, couples, and families with a wide range of emotional, relationship, and professional challenges. Farrah has extensive experience helping clients work through trauma, grief, divorce, life transitions, work stress, anxiety and depression. Farrah creates a safe space for her clients to be open, learn new skills and work through difficult issues while supported.
![Photo of Katie Burrell, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/9aecdf81-bb73-4dd5-b299-7ce34106dd86/1/320x400.jpeg)
Katie Burrell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
North Liberty, IA 52317
I have been practicing in the field of social work for over 15 years. As a social worker, I have spent my career listening and helping clients to make change. I enjoy working with adults who are struggling with anxiety; specifically surrounding life changes such as parenthood, relationship changes, grief and loss and adjusting to young adulthood.
I have been practicing in the field of social work for over 15 years. As a social worker, I have spent my career listening and helping clients to make change. I enjoy working with adults who are struggling with anxiety; specifically surrounding life changes such as parenthood, relationship changes, grief and loss and adjusting to young adulthood.
![Photo of Monique Jeanette Maldonado, MACP, IADC, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f8a74a56-0d2a-46f2-b8b6-b78e69637e14/1/320x400.jpeg)
Searching for help is a courageous first step to change. You may be feeling anxious or depressed. Are you looking for support in changing addictive behaviors from a non-judgmental approach? Perhaps you have experienced traumatic events that have left you feeling "stuck." Or maybe you have relationship issues and aren't sure where to go from here. Many of my clients have experienced grief and loss and simply need support working through the stages of grief. I have also served children and families. Whatever your needs, there IS hope.
Searching for help is a courageous first step to change. You may be feeling anxious or depressed. Are you looking for support in changing addictive behaviors from a non-judgmental approach? Perhaps you have experienced traumatic events that have left you feeling "stuck." Or maybe you have relationship issues and aren't sure where to go from here. Many of my clients have experienced grief and loss and simply need support working through the stages of grief. I have also served children and families. Whatever your needs, there IS hope.
![Photo of Lauren Flynn, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/96e656e8-74a7-4cba-80a5-2091635ed130/1/320x400.jpeg)
Immediate availability for ages 12+! No cost consultations. Life can present a facade of having it all together, yet internally, it can feel noisy, chaotic. You have valuable and important aspirations, and it can be a struggle to know where to start. If you are looking to embark on a journey with authenticity, mindfulness, and intentionality, you've found an ally. It won't always be easy, but may bring on moments of invigoration, sparks of joy, and an enhanced ability to deal with life's challenges. I work with individuals experiencing: parenting/relationship issues, anxiety, depression, OCD, executive functioning concerns.
Immediate availability for ages 12+! No cost consultations. Life can present a facade of having it all together, yet internally, it can feel noisy, chaotic. You have valuable and important aspirations, and it can be a struggle to know where to start. If you are looking to embark on a journey with authenticity, mindfulness, and intentionality, you've found an ally. It won't always be easy, but may bring on moments of invigoration, sparks of joy, and an enhanced ability to deal with life's challenges. I work with individuals experiencing: parenting/relationship issues, anxiety, depression, OCD, executive functioning concerns.
![Photo of Erin Wolter, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3721b1b9-29f9-44a2-beb8-2068932c3cb7/2/320x400.jpeg)
Erin Wolter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
West Des Moines, IA 50266 (Online Only)
I am a licensed independent social worker with over 22 years of diverse experience in the field. With a strong background in working within the school system, I have supported and empowered countless students to overcome challenges and reach their full potential. I also serve as a crisis response interventionist to college students requiring immediate support. My services extend to providing telehealth, I recognize the importance of accessibility and convenience in mental health care and support clients from various backgrounds.
I am a licensed independent social worker with over 22 years of diverse experience in the field. With a strong background in working within the school system, I have supported and empowered countless students to overcome challenges and reach their full potential. I also serve as a crisis response interventionist to college students requiring immediate support. My services extend to providing telehealth, I recognize the importance of accessibility and convenience in mental health care and support clients from various backgrounds.
![Photo of Jessica Hall, MA, TLMHC, CADC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/88cc19e7-8e6c-4edc-a5be-d55161e16130/2/320x400.jpeg)
Jess completed her Bachelors at Luther Rice University and her Masters in Professional Counseling at Liberty University. She has nearly 6 years of counseling experience working with co-occurring disorders and has a soft spot for those struggling with substance use. She has worked with a broad spectrum of issues from anxiety and depression to significant personality disorders. Jess is most recognized for her ability to identify and address impactful root-level issues.
Jess completed her Bachelors at Luther Rice University and her Masters in Professional Counseling at Liberty University. She has nearly 6 years of counseling experience working with co-occurring disorders and has a soft spot for those struggling with substance use. She has worked with a broad spectrum of issues from anxiety and depression to significant personality disorders. Jess is most recognized for her ability to identify and address impactful root-level issues.
![Photo of Mary Meyer - Full Heart Family Therapy, PhD, LMFT, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f26bfc08-78de-43f6-9585-9570a3338bc2/2/320x400.jpeg)
Full Heart Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ankeny, IA 50023
At Full Heart Family Therapy, we work with individuals, couples, and families on a variety of mental, emotional, and relational issues. Your therapist will strive to understand your story and your vision for your future, so we can help you overcome obstacles and create the life that you hope for. Our goal is to help you create a full life and a full heart!
At Full Heart Family Therapy, we work with individuals, couples, and families on a variety of mental, emotional, and relational issues. Your therapist will strive to understand your story and your vision for your future, so we can help you overcome obstacles and create the life that you hope for. Our goal is to help you create a full life and a full heart!
![Photo of Rachel Leach, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/685fd349-6fce-4111-bef2-91c446e1a1ce/1/320x400.jpeg)
I provide psychotherapy to adult individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, grief and loss, identity and relationship issues, life transitions, complex trauma, post traumatic stress disorder, and emotional intensity.
I provide psychotherapy to adult individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, grief and loss, identity and relationship issues, life transitions, complex trauma, post traumatic stress disorder, and emotional intensity.
![Photo of Alex K Miller, MS, tLMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/7d8a2b45-5c79-42a1-861d-ee207fd572c1/2/320x400.jpeg)
I am licensed mental health counselor in the DSM metro passionate about helping people find a judgment-free space to process life's ups and downs, uncomfortable emotions, and breaking the walls that stand in the way of us living fulfilled lives. I have been in the mental health field for 8 years and have worked with a variety of individuals from different walks of life ranging from troubled teens, the military population, and co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. I believe that there is no "one size-fits-all" approach to therapy and honor each client's individuality and autonomy. As of Jan '25 accepting TricareWest
I am licensed mental health counselor in the DSM metro passionate about helping people find a judgment-free space to process life's ups and downs, uncomfortable emotions, and breaking the walls that stand in the way of us living fulfilled lives. I have been in the mental health field for 8 years and have worked with a variety of individuals from different walks of life ranging from troubled teens, the military population, and co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. I believe that there is no "one size-fits-all" approach to therapy and honor each client's individuality and autonomy. As of Jan '25 accepting TricareWest
See more therapy options for Tama County
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Tama County, IA
< 10
Therapists in Tama County, IA who prioritize treating:
100% | Relationship Issues |
100% | Depression |
100% | Anxiety |
100% | Grief |
100% | Obsessive-Compulsive (OCD) |
100% | Trauma and PTSD |
100% | Self Esteem |
Average years in practice
7 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
100% | Aetna |
100% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
100% | Cigna and Evernorth |
How Therapists in Tama County, IA see their clients
75% | In Person and Online | |
25% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
100% | Female |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Tama County?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.