Therapists in Mount Pleasant, IA

Photo of Cheryl Bailey, BA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Cheryl Bailey
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Verified Verified
Mount Pleasant, IA 52641  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I have many years of experience working with people of all ages and from all walks of life. I enjoy working with couples who want to improve their relationship, parents and their children who are having difficulty getting along, and individuals who may be struggling in their lives and have a desire for personal growth.
I have many years of experience working with people of all ages and from all walks of life. I enjoy working with couples who want to improve their relationship, parents and their children who are having difficulty getting along, and individuals who may be struggling in their lives and have a desire for personal growth.
(641) 316-2298 View (641) 316-2298
Photo of Rebecca j Schmitz, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca j Schmitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Mount Pleasant, IA 52641
With over 30 years of experience in the field of social work I have worked extensively with individuals, couples and families. My therapy is client-directed so that clients can determine how quickly they wish to delve into and resolve problems they are experiencing. For those who are spiritually inclined I can also integrate work on a spiritual level which enhances psychological progress by allowing clients to go deep into the source of the challenges they are facing. My goal in working with clients is to work myself out of a job by facilitating movement toward a more fulfilling life.
With over 30 years of experience in the field of social work I have worked extensively with individuals, couples and families. My therapy is client-directed so that clients can determine how quickly they wish to delve into and resolve problems they are experiencing. For those who are spiritually inclined I can also integrate work on a spiritual level which enhances psychological progress by allowing clients to go deep into the source of the challenges they are facing. My goal in working with clients is to work myself out of a job by facilitating movement toward a more fulfilling life.
(641) 569-6323 View (641) 569-6323
Photo of Sandi Ropp, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Sandi Ropp
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Mount Pleasant, IA 52641
Waitlist for new clients
Hello! In addition to expertise on human behavior, having a wealth of life experience provides me with a level of sensitivity and empathy with others that brings a unique enrichment to the counseling experience. I am a bit unconventional, and provide a genuine and safe, nonjudgmental space as a guide on your personal growth journey. Practicing a holistic approach, I incorporate wellness of mind, body, and spirit into my work, fostering healing at a deeper level. I specialize in healing from narcissistic abuse, relational trauma, and codependency.
Hello! In addition to expertise on human behavior, having a wealth of life experience provides me with a level of sensitivity and empathy with others that brings a unique enrichment to the counseling experience. I am a bit unconventional, and provide a genuine and safe, nonjudgmental space as a guide on your personal growth journey. Practicing a holistic approach, I incorporate wellness of mind, body, and spirit into my work, fostering healing at a deeper level. I specialize in healing from narcissistic abuse, relational trauma, and codependency.
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Photo of Victoria J Knight - Sattva Integrative Therapy, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sattva Integrative Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Mount Pleasant, IA 52641
I have been providing therapy to individuals, families, and couples for the past 25 years. I have extensive training and experience with trauma, anxiety, stress and relationships. I believe in meeting individuals where they are and assisting them to reach their goals. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, EMDR certified therapist, and Registered Yoga Teacher, I integrate different techniques in therapy to heal mind, body, spirit, and relationships.
I have been providing therapy to individuals, families, and couples for the past 25 years. I have extensive training and experience with trauma, anxiety, stress and relationships. I believe in meeting individuals where they are and assisting them to reach their goals. As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, EMDR certified therapist, and Registered Yoga Teacher, I integrate different techniques in therapy to heal mind, body, spirit, and relationships.
(320) 428-0957 View (320) 428-0957
Photo of Mikaela Hoffman, TLMHC, Counselor
Mikaela Hoffman
Counselor, TLMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mount Pleasant, IA 52641
My goal is to meet you wherever you are in this journey of life. I believe in working together collaboratively to help you heal and work towards your goals. I want to help you regain hope when it may seem too difficult or complicated to keep pushing forward.
My goal is to meet you wherever you are in this journey of life. I believe in working together collaboratively to help you heal and work towards your goals. I want to help you regain hope when it may seem too difficult or complicated to keep pushing forward.
(641) 938-4597 View (641) 938-4597
Photo of Kristin Helm, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristin Helm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Mount Pleasant, IA 52641
Waitlist for new clients
Growth is a challenging and beautiful process. It is about discovering who we are and moving towards living life to our fullest potential. With over fifteen years of mental health experience, I have worked with a wide range of individuals. Each one's story is unique, each one of them is longing for something more. You are the expert of your journey. I am here to support and assist you with discovering your strengths and skills, so you can move towards living the life you have always wanted.
Growth is a challenging and beautiful process. It is about discovering who we are and moving towards living life to our fullest potential. With over fifteen years of mental health experience, I have worked with a wide range of individuals. Each one's story is unique, each one of them is longing for something more. You are the expert of your journey. I am here to support and assist you with discovering your strengths and skills, so you can move towards living the life you have always wanted.
(641) 326-8428 View (641) 326-8428
Photo of Alaina Ellington, LMHC, Counselor
Alaina Ellington
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Mount Pleasant, IA 52641
I work with individuals who are ready to transform their mental health and wellbeing. Maybe you are trying to heal from the past, wanting to change your future, or learning to live in the present; maybe all three are true. Whatever your situation is, please know that change starts by taking the first step. I am here to help you take that step in creating the life you want and deserve! I work with individuals who are 15 years old and older.
I work with individuals who are ready to transform their mental health and wellbeing. Maybe you are trying to heal from the past, wanting to change your future, or learning to live in the present; maybe all three are true. Whatever your situation is, please know that change starts by taking the first step. I am here to help you take that step in creating the life you want and deserve! I work with individuals who are 15 years old and older.
(319) 220-3685 View (319) 220-3685
Photo of Bryan Dickson, LMHC, MDiv, Counselor
Bryan Dickson
Counselor, LMHC, MDiv
Verified Verified
Mount Pleasant, IA 52641  (Online Only)
Do you feel overwhelmed by stress, anxiety, or other struggles in your life? Maybe you avoid these feelings by stuffing your emotions down or distracting yourself with activities that ultimately don’t fix anything. Avoidance feels good now, but we know deep down it won’t bring the relief that we are craving. What you need is someone who is safe to talk to and who seeks to understand you. That will make a tremendous difference in your ability to cope and experience life with the joy, contentment, and purpose you are desiring.
Do you feel overwhelmed by stress, anxiety, or other struggles in your life? Maybe you avoid these feelings by stuffing your emotions down or distracting yourself with activities that ultimately don’t fix anything. Avoidance feels good now, but we know deep down it won’t bring the relief that we are craving. What you need is someone who is safe to talk to and who seeks to understand you. That will make a tremendous difference in your ability to cope and experience life with the joy, contentment, and purpose you are desiring.
(319) 474-5574 View (319) 474-5574

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Candi Francis, MA, LMFT, RPT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Candi Francis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New London, IA 52645
Life can feel hard, you feel stuck, no matter what you do. Maybe your child is having a lot of big emotions, taking over. Having a difficult time expressing them to get needs met. Getting out the door to school or activities just does not seem to go as planned. Fears and worries are taking over, and your sweet child just isn't themselves. You want your motto to be "A happy, healthy family" and yet it feels like it just doesn't quite get there. Thoughts of "How do I help this little person, be the best them and our family be the best us?" Sweet parents/caregivers, you and your little one(s) are amazing and I am so glad you found me!
Life can feel hard, you feel stuck, no matter what you do. Maybe your child is having a lot of big emotions, taking over. Having a difficult time expressing them to get needs met. Getting out the door to school or activities just does not seem to go as planned. Fears and worries are taking over, and your sweet child just isn't themselves. You want your motto to be "A happy, healthy family" and yet it feels like it just doesn't quite get there. Thoughts of "How do I help this little person, be the best them and our family be the best us?" Sweet parents/caregivers, you and your little one(s) are amazing and I am so glad you found me!
(319) 302-3508 View (319) 302-3508
Photo of Samuel J Reighard - New Life Link Counseling Services, MA, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
New Life Link Counseling Services
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
New London, IA 52645
Katie and I have established this counseling ministry out of a renewed understanding of what it means to be a son and daughter of God. This new state of understanding, and living, has allowed us to share our hurts, hopes and joys, and be more forthcoming and intimate with one another, and others. As we have progressed through this journey, we have developed a better sense of how our relational wounds have hindered our desire for intimacy with one another, our children, and those around us. As we have experienced the challenge and joy that this new awareness can bring, we have committed ourselves to sharing what we have learned.
Katie and I have established this counseling ministry out of a renewed understanding of what it means to be a son and daughter of God. This new state of understanding, and living, has allowed us to share our hurts, hopes and joys, and be more forthcoming and intimate with one another, and others. As we have progressed through this journey, we have developed a better sense of how our relational wounds have hindered our desire for intimacy with one another, our children, and those around us. As we have experienced the challenge and joy that this new awareness can bring, we have committed ourselves to sharing what we have learned.
(319) 271-3325 View (319) 271-3325

Online Therapists

Photo of Melinda Crane, MA, LMFT, CADC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melinda Crane
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CADC
Verified Verified
Cedar Rapids, IA 52402
Sometimes life happens and leaves us saying "I just can't handle it anymore!" You are not alone and you're in the right place to find help. I am a Christian counselor that uses evidence based approaches that nourish the mind, body, and spirit. My passion is working with couples and families. I specialize in relationship concerns, addiction, anxiety, depression, and trauma. Change is possible and I'm committed to providing a safe environment for you to grow.
Sometimes life happens and leaves us saying "I just can't handle it anymore!" You are not alone and you're in the right place to find help. I am a Christian counselor that uses evidence based approaches that nourish the mind, body, and spirit. My passion is working with couples and families. I specialize in relationship concerns, addiction, anxiety, depression, and trauma. Change is possible and I'm committed to providing a safe environment for you to grow.
(319) 284-8534 View (319) 284-8534
Photo of Rachel Staron, MSEd, LMHC, Counselor
Rachel Staron
Counselor, MSEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Davenport, IA 52807
Waitlist for new clients
Throughout therapy, I will join you where you are on this part of your journey and encourage you to become an active participant in your healing process. I strive to provide a compassionate and accepting environment where you feel understood. I believe in building a strong therapeutic relationship as the primary modality of change in order to address your individual needs. When collaborating, I utilize techniques that employ your strengths to help you thrive. My therapeutic lens includes a combination of cognitive behavioral, client-centered, and Adlerian therapy, along with warmth and humor, to address stressors in your life.
Throughout therapy, I will join you where you are on this part of your journey and encourage you to become an active participant in your healing process. I strive to provide a compassionate and accepting environment where you feel understood. I believe in building a strong therapeutic relationship as the primary modality of change in order to address your individual needs. When collaborating, I utilize techniques that employ your strengths to help you thrive. My therapeutic lens includes a combination of cognitive behavioral, client-centered, and Adlerian therapy, along with warmth and humor, to address stressors in your life.
(563) 424-2016 View (563) 424-2016
Photo of Brandis Elaine McFarland, MA, LMHC, CEDS, Counselor
Brandis Elaine McFarland
Counselor, MA, LMHC, CEDS
Verified Verified
Cedar Rapids, IA 52403
I treat individuals, couples, families, and groups. I am experienced working with individuals struggling with Eating Disorders including Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder. I also treat Mood Disorders, Anxiety, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Additionally, I provide relationship coaching services to individuals and couples. I work with clients to provide individualized care with an emphasis upon mindfulness, respect and empowerment. I am interested in working with the community to provide Eating Disorder awareness and prevention programs for schools, colleges and professionals.
I treat individuals, couples, families, and groups. I am experienced working with individuals struggling with Eating Disorders including Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder. I also treat Mood Disorders, Anxiety, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Additionally, I provide relationship coaching services to individuals and couples. I work with clients to provide individualized care with an emphasis upon mindfulness, respect and empowerment. I am interested in working with the community to provide Eating Disorder awareness and prevention programs for schools, colleges and professionals.
(319) 774-4898 View (319) 774-4898
Photo of Shelby Dolley, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Shelby Dolley
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Marion, IA 52302
Taking the first step towards change, healing & growth can be difficult. I am a laid back therapist who loves seeing clients get to their best selves in a non-judgmental, unbiased space. I pride myself on being down to earth, positive, and relatable. You won't find a traditional atmosphere in my office, which I believe is one of my strengths. I provide individual therapy for clients aged 18 years and older. I am trained in EMDR, DBT, and CBT techniques and utilize strength-based and client-centered approaches.
Taking the first step towards change, healing & growth can be difficult. I am a laid back therapist who loves seeing clients get to their best selves in a non-judgmental, unbiased space. I pride myself on being down to earth, positive, and relatable. You won't find a traditional atmosphere in my office, which I believe is one of my strengths. I provide individual therapy for clients aged 18 years and older. I am trained in EMDR, DBT, and CBT techniques and utilize strength-based and client-centered approaches.
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Photo of Makala Leach, NBCC, LPHA I, LMHC-t, Counselor
Makala Leach
Counselor, NBCC, LPHA I, LMHC-t
Verified Verified
Davenport, IA 52803
Being who you are takes time, courage, and growth, and I would be honored to be a part of that journey. I strive to provide a safe and comforting environment for you to learn who you are and for all that you are. I want to celebrate your growth, acknowledge your challenges, and sort through the messy parts of life we all go through. I work with individuals, families, and couples to manage everyday stressors, depression, anxiety and more, to help each person fulfill their potential. Through this process, I want to help you identify areas of change, teach coping strategies, and combat negative thoughts that often weigh us down.
Being who you are takes time, courage, and growth, and I would be honored to be a part of that journey. I strive to provide a safe and comforting environment for you to learn who you are and for all that you are. I want to celebrate your growth, acknowledge your challenges, and sort through the messy parts of life we all go through. I work with individuals, families, and couples to manage everyday stressors, depression, anxiety and more, to help each person fulfill their potential. Through this process, I want to help you identify areas of change, teach coping strategies, and combat negative thoughts that often weigh us down.
(563) 202-8877 View (563) 202-8877
Photo of Jacqueline Lambert, LMHC, NCC, CCTP, Counselor
Jacqueline Lambert
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Anamosa, IA 52205
I see therapy as a non-judgmental space where clients can feel safe to express themselves freely. I provide a laid-back approach to help clients feel at ease. Therapy is provided to children from the ages of 5 to 18, and adults. I also provide couple's therapy and family therapy. I have experience with anger management, ADHD, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, grief, self-harm, and other disorders. I also have experience with those that may have learning disabilities or intellectual disabilities.
I see therapy as a non-judgmental space where clients can feel safe to express themselves freely. I provide a laid-back approach to help clients feel at ease. Therapy is provided to children from the ages of 5 to 18, and adults. I also provide couple's therapy and family therapy. I have experience with anger management, ADHD, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, grief, self-harm, and other disorders. I also have experience with those that may have learning disabilities or intellectual disabilities.
(319) 220-5291 View (319) 220-5291
Photo of Zachery Nielsen, MSEd, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Zachery Nielsen
Counselor, MSEd, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Bettendorf, IA 52722
I assist individuals and couples navigate anxiety, relational conflict, trauma, and sex/sexuality-related issues and help them blossom into empowerment, authenticity, and confidence. The most difficult emotions and situations of our lives are opportunities for growth, vulnerability, and expansion. I work to create a safe, validating, and empowering space with clients to explore challenging emotions, trauma, vulnerability, and identify how they bloom into the best version of themselves. As a therapist I provide a unique and personal space to explore these challenging moments and identify your internal wisdom to grow through them.
I assist individuals and couples navigate anxiety, relational conflict, trauma, and sex/sexuality-related issues and help them blossom into empowerment, authenticity, and confidence. The most difficult emotions and situations of our lives are opportunities for growth, vulnerability, and expansion. I work to create a safe, validating, and empowering space with clients to explore challenging emotions, trauma, vulnerability, and identify how they bloom into the best version of themselves. As a therapist I provide a unique and personal space to explore these challenging moments and identify your internal wisdom to grow through them.
(563) 748-4482 View (563) 748-4482
Photo of Stephanie Ennen, LMHC, Counselor
Stephanie Ennen
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cedar Rapids, IA 52402  (Online Only)
Therapy dissects life occurrences and issues and identifies the obstacles that may be limiting personal performance. Once the obstacles are identified, emotional growth can occur through a process of learning to adapt or removing negative thinking. My job, as a therapist, is to support my clients' feelings and thoughts, while at the same time to encourage the transformation of those emotions and thoughts toward the pursuit of a fuller, more satisfying life.
Therapy dissects life occurrences and issues and identifies the obstacles that may be limiting personal performance. Once the obstacles are identified, emotional growth can occur through a process of learning to adapt or removing negative thinking. My job, as a therapist, is to support my clients' feelings and thoughts, while at the same time to encourage the transformation of those emotions and thoughts toward the pursuit of a fuller, more satisfying life.
(319) 343-5180 View (319) 343-5180
Photo of Laura Cain-Shreiner, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Cain-Shreiner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Iowa City, IA 52240
It can be incredibly intimidating and scary to seek out therapy when struggling with mental health. I recognize that reaching out to start therapy takes a certain degree of courage and I commend you on taking these steps towards healing. I am an LMSW and I am currently working towards my independent clinical license. I am enjoy connecting with adult and adolescents who are navigating one or more of the following experiences: ongoing management of depression, anxiety, trauma history, adjusting to life transitions, eating disorders, self-harm, suicidal ideation, women's issues, ADHD, and issues pertaining to the LGBTQIA+ community.
It can be incredibly intimidating and scary to seek out therapy when struggling with mental health. I recognize that reaching out to start therapy takes a certain degree of courage and I commend you on taking these steps towards healing. I am an LMSW and I am currently working towards my independent clinical license. I am enjoy connecting with adult and adolescents who are navigating one or more of the following experiences: ongoing management of depression, anxiety, trauma history, adjusting to life transitions, eating disorders, self-harm, suicidal ideation, women's issues, ADHD, and issues pertaining to the LGBTQIA+ community.
(319) 419-4733 View (319) 419-4733
Photo of Robin Hoffman - Tanager Place Mental Wellbeing Clinic, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tanager Place Mental Wellbeing Clinic
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cedar Rapids, IA 52403
At Tanager Place, we believe that children are our future, and we want to help them be the best they can be. Our team of dedicated providers will support your child in reaching their optimal potential by helping them be socially engaged, happy, healthy, and headed for a bright future. If you are concerned about your child's social, emotional, or behavioral wellbeing, we are here with experts ready to help.
At Tanager Place, we believe that children are our future, and we want to help them be the best they can be. Our team of dedicated providers will support your child in reaching their optimal potential by helping them be socially engaged, happy, healthy, and headed for a bright future. If you are concerned about your child's social, emotional, or behavioral wellbeing, we are here with experts ready to help.
(319) 251-2445 View (319) 251-2445

See more therapy options for Mount Pleasant

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Mount Pleasant, IA

< 10

Therapists in Mount Pleasant, IA who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Anxiety
100% Stress
88% Depression
88% Trauma and PTSD
88% Coping Skills
75% Spirituality

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Midlands Choice
75% Wellmark BCBS

How Therapists in Mount Pleasant, IA see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Mount Pleasant?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.