Therapists in Johnston, IA

Photo of Heather Conover, MS, LMHC, C-PD, CCATP, CCTP, Counselor
Heather Conover
Counselor, MS, LMHC, C-PD, CCATP, CCTP
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
As a clinical therapist, my foremost commitment is to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals seeking support in managing a wide array of mental health issues. Facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, bipolar disorder, or personality disorders, my focus is on providing comprehensive treatment tailored to your specific needs. You can trust that I am committed to walking alongside you, offering evidence-based interventions aimed at fostering positive change and promoting your overall well-being.
As a clinical therapist, my foremost commitment is to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for individuals seeking support in managing a wide array of mental health issues. Facing challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, bipolar disorder, or personality disorders, my focus is on providing comprehensive treatment tailored to your specific needs. You can trust that I am committed to walking alongside you, offering evidence-based interventions aimed at fostering positive change and promoting your overall well-being.
(515) 373-4756 View (515) 373-4756
Photo of Terry Smith, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Terry Smith
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
We all have times in our lives when we could use a supportive place to explore life’s challenges. I recognize the difficulty of taking the first steps toward making change and I am here to support you. I look forward to providing a safe, supportive space for you as you determine your path and begin to take the steps toward your goals. I have spent my career working with individuals through the process of change. I have worked with adolescents and adults coping with depression and anxiety, substance use disorders, grief & loss, career counseling, parenting, relationship stress, life transitions and disabilities.
We all have times in our lives when we could use a supportive place to explore life’s challenges. I recognize the difficulty of taking the first steps toward making change and I am here to support you. I look forward to providing a safe, supportive space for you as you determine your path and begin to take the steps toward your goals. I have spent my career working with individuals through the process of change. I have worked with adolescents and adults coping with depression and anxiety, substance use disorders, grief & loss, career counseling, parenting, relationship stress, life transitions and disabilities.
(515) 220-2842 View (515) 220-2842
Photo of Susan Lang, MA MHA, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Susan Lang
Counselor, MA MHA, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
Are you feeling stressed, anxious or overwhelmed and need a calm, non-judgmental environment to explore your thoughts? You deserve to live a life that you feel excited about and leaves you looking forward to the day ahead! Anxiety and depression can feel like a weight that drags you down and feels like a burden. You really can have the life that you dream of and brings you happiness and fulfillment. I love to help people explore their thoughts and make connections between how their thoughts impact their choices and behavior while also learning how to make changes so that you design the life you want and the life that fulfils you.!
Are you feeling stressed, anxious or overwhelmed and need a calm, non-judgmental environment to explore your thoughts? You deserve to live a life that you feel excited about and leaves you looking forward to the day ahead! Anxiety and depression can feel like a weight that drags you down and feels like a burden. You really can have the life that you dream of and brings you happiness and fulfillment. I love to help people explore their thoughts and make connections between how their thoughts impact their choices and behavior while also learning how to make changes so that you design the life you want and the life that fulfils you.!
(515) 902-5472 View (515) 902-5472
Photo of Kristy Lynn Brown, LMHC, NCC, CADC, Counselor
Kristy Lynn Brown
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnston, IA 50131  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients! Immediate on line registration and appointment scheduling available. Accepting clients 18 + if you have Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance or private pay. Trying to find a therapist that is a good fit can be overwhelming. With over 20 years of clinical experience working in the mental health profession, I specialize in working with individuals struggling with emotion regulation, depression, anxiety, substances, stress management, communication, overall relationship dynamics, family conflict, school issues, and trauma.
Accepting new clients! Immediate on line registration and appointment scheduling available. Accepting clients 18 + if you have Wellmark Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance or private pay. Trying to find a therapist that is a good fit can be overwhelming. With over 20 years of clinical experience working in the mental health profession, I specialize in working with individuals struggling with emotion regulation, depression, anxiety, substances, stress management, communication, overall relationship dynamics, family conflict, school issues, and trauma.
(515) 975-9915 View (515) 975-9915
Photo of Allyssa Angle McGinnis, MS, tLMHC, Counselor
Allyssa Angle McGinnis
Counselor, MS, tLMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnston, IA 50131
Embracing a client-centered approach is my specialty, tailoring counseling techniques to suit your unique needs and circumstances. Whether you're facing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or simply seeking personal growth, I aim to work collaboratively with you, finding the most effective path towards positive change.
Embracing a client-centered approach is my specialty, tailoring counseling techniques to suit your unique needs and circumstances. Whether you're facing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or simply seeking personal growth, I aim to work collaboratively with you, finding the most effective path towards positive change.
(515) 890-6998 View (515) 890-6998
Photo of Alison Holt, LMHC, Counselor
Alison Holt
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
I am a child and family therapist with over 12 years of experience. I work with both children, and, adults who are parents. My specialties include teens, parent coaching, trauma, and LGBTQIA+ youth. I have been successful at treating a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, ODD, behavioral problems, stress management difficulties, and more. Overall, my goal is to ensure that you feel safe and supported right from the start by creating a space that is inclusive, non-judgmental and fun for both children and parents.
I am a child and family therapist with over 12 years of experience. I work with both children, and, adults who are parents. My specialties include teens, parent coaching, trauma, and LGBTQIA+ youth. I have been successful at treating a wide range of issues including depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD, ODD, behavioral problems, stress management difficulties, and more. Overall, my goal is to ensure that you feel safe and supported right from the start by creating a space that is inclusive, non-judgmental and fun for both children and parents.
(515) 585-6117 View (515) 585-6117
Photo of Caitlin Silveira, LMHC, Counselor
Caitlin Silveira
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with 12 years of experience working with adults and teenagers. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, LGBTQ+ issues, deconstruction and religious trauma, transitional and phase of life issues, self-esteem related concerns and eating disorders. I believe that you are the expert on your own life, and I will work with you to create a treatment plan that is specific to your unique needs and preferences while incorporating your natural resiliency and strengths.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with 12 years of experience working with adults and teenagers. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, LGBTQ+ issues, deconstruction and religious trauma, transitional and phase of life issues, self-esteem related concerns and eating disorders. I believe that you are the expert on your own life, and I will work with you to create a treatment plan that is specific to your unique needs and preferences while incorporating your natural resiliency and strengths.
(515) 212-7324 View (515) 212-7324
Photo of Maddie Moree, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maddie Moree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
Hi, I am Maddie! I am a therapist who is dedicated to helping my clients identify and actively work on their therapeutic goals. I specialize in empowering individuals facing various life challenges. My practice focuses on supporting individuals navigating infertility and pregnancy loss along with pregnancy after loss. I have years of experience helping individuals work through stress, work/school related issues, creating and upholding boundaries, communication (including people pleasing tendencies) and becoming strong advocates for themselves!
Hi, I am Maddie! I am a therapist who is dedicated to helping my clients identify and actively work on their therapeutic goals. I specialize in empowering individuals facing various life challenges. My practice focuses on supporting individuals navigating infertility and pregnancy loss along with pregnancy after loss. I have years of experience helping individuals work through stress, work/school related issues, creating and upholding boundaries, communication (including people pleasing tendencies) and becoming strong advocates for themselves!
(515) 585-3214 View (515) 585-3214
Photo of Lauren Flynn, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Flynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
Immediate availability for ages 12+! No cost consultations. Life can present a facade of having it all together, yet internally, it can feel noisy, chaotic. You have valuable and important aspirations, and it can be a struggle to know where to start. If you are looking to embark on a journey with authenticity, mindfulness, and intentionality, you've found an ally. It won't always be easy, but may bring on moments of invigoration, sparks of joy, and an enhanced ability to deal with life's challenges. I work with individuals experiencing: parenting/relationship issues, anxiety, depression, OCD, executive functioning concerns.
Immediate availability for ages 12+! No cost consultations. Life can present a facade of having it all together, yet internally, it can feel noisy, chaotic. You have valuable and important aspirations, and it can be a struggle to know where to start. If you are looking to embark on a journey with authenticity, mindfulness, and intentionality, you've found an ally. It won't always be easy, but may bring on moments of invigoration, sparks of joy, and an enhanced ability to deal with life's challenges. I work with individuals experiencing: parenting/relationship issues, anxiety, depression, OCD, executive functioning concerns.
(515) 516-3665 View (515) 516-3665
Photo of Teresa M Bear, PhD, ABPP, Psychologist
Teresa M Bear
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
“We do not grow by knowing all of the answers, but rather by living with the questions.” - Max De Pree. “Be curious, not judgmental.” -Ted Lasso These two quotes sum up my approach to therapy, and hopefully, to life. Our brains are naturally wired to make sense of things, to organize information into understandable experiences and thoughts. This relentless pursuit of understanding can lead to new discoveries, new technologies, new medicines. However, it can also lead to stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression. Balance between curiosity and living with the questions is necessary to a life of integrity.
“We do not grow by knowing all of the answers, but rather by living with the questions.” - Max De Pree. “Be curious, not judgmental.” -Ted Lasso These two quotes sum up my approach to therapy, and hopefully, to life. Our brains are naturally wired to make sense of things, to organize information into understandable experiences and thoughts. This relentless pursuit of understanding can lead to new discoveries, new technologies, new medicines. However, it can also lead to stress, burnout, anxiety, and depression. Balance between curiosity and living with the questions is necessary to a life of integrity.
(515) 599-3104 View (515) 599-3104
Photo of Colin W Priest - Calm Tree Therapy, LMHC, CRC, Counselor
Calm Tree Therapy
Counselor, LMHC, CRC
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
If you’re reading this right now you’ve likely experienced a lot of pain. Maybe you feel lost and don’t know what to do, or you’ve tried many things and nothing seems to work. Maybe things have felt “off” for some time and you are tired of the way you feel. One thing is for sure, you’re sick and tired of feeling the way you do right now and you want someone who can help. You want someone who you can trust, someone who respects you and sees the struggle you’ve had to endure. Most importantly, however, you want someone who can help you fix your problem so you can get back to living a happy life, and finally have some peace of mind.
If you’re reading this right now you’ve likely experienced a lot of pain. Maybe you feel lost and don’t know what to do, or you’ve tried many things and nothing seems to work. Maybe things have felt “off” for some time and you are tired of the way you feel. One thing is for sure, you’re sick and tired of feeling the way you do right now and you want someone who can help. You want someone who you can trust, someone who respects you and sees the struggle you’ve had to endure. Most importantly, however, you want someone who can help you fix your problem so you can get back to living a happy life, and finally have some peace of mind.
(515) 585-1239 View (515) 585-1239
Photo of Lauren Kern, LMHC, Counselor
Lauren Kern
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnston, IA 50131
I'm currently accepting new clients in Johnston! I believe that every path is courageous and so I value providing clients with a safe space to explore their struggles with patience and compassion. My goal in the therapeutic process is to guide clients to insights and to recognize their own strengths while working toward their identified goals. People often come to me for support with trauma, grief, stress, life transitions, relationship issues, anxiety, and depression. I provide individual therapy to clients who are adolescents, teens, and adults with a special interest for young adults.
I'm currently accepting new clients in Johnston! I believe that every path is courageous and so I value providing clients with a safe space to explore their struggles with patience and compassion. My goal in the therapeutic process is to guide clients to insights and to recognize their own strengths while working toward their identified goals. People often come to me for support with trauma, grief, stress, life transitions, relationship issues, anxiety, and depression. I provide individual therapy to clients who are adolescents, teens, and adults with a special interest for young adults.
(515) 854-0545 View (515) 854-0545
Photo of Ricc Terranova, tLMHC, CH, Pre-Licensed Professional
Ricc Terranova
Pre-Licensed Professional, tLMHC, CH
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131  (Online Only)
Inspired by Milton Erickson's metaphor of guiding the horse gently, I see my ideal client's issues as disconnection and uncertainty. They need support for growth and self-awareness, aiming to access inner resources. Their goal: embrace change and self-discovery for personal empowerment and fulfillment.
Inspired by Milton Erickson's metaphor of guiding the horse gently, I see my ideal client's issues as disconnection and uncertainty. They need support for growth and self-awareness, aiming to access inner resources. Their goal: embrace change and self-discovery for personal empowerment and fulfillment.
(515) 966-8905 View (515) 966-8905
Photo of Julie McClatchey - Julie McClatchey, LISW, PC, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie McClatchey, LISW, PC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
I have been in the mental health field for over 30 years. My first goal is to help you feel safe to share your story. We will work together to identify where you are feeling stuck; better understand your issues; experience healing from recent and past hurts; learn new ways to manage stress; identify solutions, and take action toward your goals. I am an interactive therapist who believes in the importance of non-judgmental listening and emotional support while providing feedback, guidance, and education. I currently have a wait list of 4-6 wks.
I have been in the mental health field for over 30 years. My first goal is to help you feel safe to share your story. We will work together to identify where you are feeling stuck; better understand your issues; experience healing from recent and past hurts; learn new ways to manage stress; identify solutions, and take action toward your goals. I am an interactive therapist who believes in the importance of non-judgmental listening and emotional support while providing feedback, guidance, and education. I currently have a wait list of 4-6 wks.
(515) 585-1272 View (515) 585-1272
Photo of Derek Michael Potthoff, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Derek Michael Potthoff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
Reaching out is the first step and I am excited to help you in finding a path to self-growth that works best for you! It is my belief that anyone coming into therapy with an eagerness to grow has the ability to enact substantial change in their life. Each client's mental health journey is unique and I am here to help you forge your way. I am ready to meet you where you're at and make your counseling journey a positive experience.
Reaching out is the first step and I am excited to help you in finding a path to self-growth that works best for you! It is my belief that anyone coming into therapy with an eagerness to grow has the ability to enact substantial change in their life. Each client's mental health journey is unique and I am here to help you forge your way. I am ready to meet you where you're at and make your counseling journey a positive experience.
(515) 303-3557 View (515) 303-3557
Photo of Erin Fiala - Comfort Counseling, LLC, LMHC, Counselor
Comfort Counseling, LLC
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
Welcome! I am so glad you are here. Making the decision to start therapy can be one of the hardest decisions to make. I am Erin, a compassionate therapist dedicated to fostering growth and resilience. Guided by a person-centered, strengths-based philosophy, I specialize in weaving play therapy techniques, sand tray, and cognitive-behavioral therapy into our therapeutic journey. I empower clients to understand and reshape their thought patterns. My utilization of play therapy techniques and sand tray facilitates a unique and effective approach, especially with younger clients or those who find traditional talk therapy challenging.
Welcome! I am so glad you are here. Making the decision to start therapy can be one of the hardest decisions to make. I am Erin, a compassionate therapist dedicated to fostering growth and resilience. Guided by a person-centered, strengths-based philosophy, I specialize in weaving play therapy techniques, sand tray, and cognitive-behavioral therapy into our therapeutic journey. I empower clients to understand and reshape their thought patterns. My utilization of play therapy techniques and sand tray facilitates a unique and effective approach, especially with younger clients or those who find traditional talk therapy challenging.
(515) 523-6578 View (515) 523-6578
Photo of Sarah Price, BSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Price
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BSW, LISW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnston, IA 50131
Hello! I’m so glad you’re here and taking a step to take care of yourself. I’m Sarah and I am currently accepting new clients ages 14 and up. I help people to figure out where they want to go in life, what’s standing in their way, and what steps they need to take to get there. My specialties include anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, ADHD, grief and loss, and hoarding disorder.
Hello! I’m so glad you’re here and taking a step to take care of yourself. I’m Sarah and I am currently accepting new clients ages 14 and up. I help people to figure out where they want to go in life, what’s standing in their way, and what steps they need to take to get there. My specialties include anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, ADHD, grief and loss, and hoarding disorder.
(515) 337-0842 View (515) 337-0842
Photo of Deena Leonard, LMHC, Counselor
Deena Leonard
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnston, IA 50131
I believe therapy should be individualized based on each person’s specific needs. My ultimate goal is to empower my clients to change what can be changed and to identify appropriate coping skills to what cannot be changed. I do this by creating a safe, client-centered therapeutic environment that allows the client to identify their individual goals. I believe each person is the ultimate expert in their own lives and I am there to assist them in achieving their personal goals.
I believe therapy should be individualized based on each person’s specific needs. My ultimate goal is to empower my clients to change what can be changed and to identify appropriate coping skills to what cannot be changed. I do this by creating a safe, client-centered therapeutic environment that allows the client to identify their individual goals. I believe each person is the ultimate expert in their own lives and I am there to assist them in achieving their personal goals.
(515) 400-3819 View (515) 400-3819
Photo of Johanna R Guerdet, MSW, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Johanna R Guerdet
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnston, IA 50131
Welcome to the beginning of your therapy journey! As a client centered therapist, my focus is on you and your needs as a client. No problem is too big or too small for therapy, and it's never too early or too late to seek help. We will work together to make your life goals and changes.
Welcome to the beginning of your therapy journey! As a client centered therapist, my focus is on you and your needs as a client. No problem is too big or too small for therapy, and it's never too early or too late to seek help. We will work together to make your life goals and changes.
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Photo of Angela Emerson - Pathways to Growth Psychotherapy, LISW, CCTP, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pathways to Growth Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, CCTP, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Johnston, IA 50131
We know that many of us feel that we try so hard to find contentment and happiness in life, but ultimately feel that we either get lost in the maze of life, or we come to a dead end. Our office can be a way to assist you in discovering your path through the maze. Pathways to Growth Psychotherapy seeks to empower individuals to embrace their journey towards mental health wellness with compassionate care, personalized support, and evidence-based interventions. Our mission is to foster resilience, healing, and growth by providing accessible, inclusive, and holistic mental health services tailored to each individual’s unique needs.
We know that many of us feel that we try so hard to find contentment and happiness in life, but ultimately feel that we either get lost in the maze of life, or we come to a dead end. Our office can be a way to assist you in discovering your path through the maze. Pathways to Growth Psychotherapy seeks to empower individuals to embrace their journey towards mental health wellness with compassionate care, personalized support, and evidence-based interventions. Our mission is to foster resilience, healing, and growth by providing accessible, inclusive, and holistic mental health services tailored to each individual’s unique needs.
(515) 466-5340 View (515) 466-5340
1

See more therapy options for Johnston

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Johnston, IA

60+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Johnston, IA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
76% Trauma and PTSD
72% Coping Skills
71% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% BlueCross and BlueShield
83% Wellmark BCBS
66% Blue Cross

How Therapists in Johnston, IA see their clients

92% In Person and Online
8% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
22% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Johnston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.