Therapists in Gig Harbor, WA

Photo of Robert Sherman - LifeStance Health, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
LifeStance Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
Making your first appointment can be one of the most challenging steps in your mental health journey. At LifeStance, we make it simple by offering both online and in-person therapy and psychiatry services, covered by major insurance plans.
(866) 610-4009 View (866) 610-4009
Photo of Wendy Becker, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wendy Becker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gig Harbor, WA 98335  (Online Only)
If you are struggling with your mental health, I want you to know you are not alone and it can get better. Reaching out for help isn't always easy, but it will be worth it. Video therapy sessions with me are a safe, supportive and non-judgmental experience. My goal is to help you understand yourself and your situation and to provide you with practical tools to help you manage life in a healthier way.
If you are struggling with your mental health, I want you to know you are not alone and it can get better. Reaching out for help isn't always easy, but it will be worth it. Video therapy sessions with me are a safe, supportive and non-judgmental experience. My goal is to help you understand yourself and your situation and to provide you with practical tools to help you manage life in a healthier way.
(253) 265-4959 View (253) 265-4959
Photo of Suzanne M Kirsch, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Suzanne M Kirsch
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
I believe the purpose of therapy is to support people in gaining personal insight, understanding of others perspectives, and integrating this information while planning new and improved responses and courses of action. As we are able to discover and express our hidden emotions and create new relational responses we then have the potential to change a distressed and rigid relationship into a more secure, safe and satisfying one. My commitment is to devote my full attention to you during our time together and to work with you as supportively, competently, responsibly, and professionally as I am able.
I believe the purpose of therapy is to support people in gaining personal insight, understanding of others perspectives, and integrating this information while planning new and improved responses and courses of action. As we are able to discover and express our hidden emotions and create new relational responses we then have the potential to change a distressed and rigid relationship into a more secure, safe and satisfying one. My commitment is to devote my full attention to you during our time together and to work with you as supportively, competently, responsibly, and professionally as I am able.
(206) 539-1075 x228 View (206) 539-1075 x228
Photo of Jen Reisinger, MA, LMHC, PMH-C, Counselor
Jen Reisinger
Counselor, MA, LMHC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
You’re navigating some of the more challenging and messy parts of life–grief and major life transitions or complexities of postpartum & motherhood. You’re feeling out of sorts and that what you’ve been doing to navigate hasn’t been working. You know that if you could have “thought” yourself into more balance and peace, you would have. The traditional 45 minute therapy model doesn't seem to be enough because just as you start to get somewhere the session ends. Therapy Intensives are a game-changing, modern approach to investing in your accelerated healing and progress.
You’re navigating some of the more challenging and messy parts of life–grief and major life transitions or complexities of postpartum & motherhood. You’re feeling out of sorts and that what you’ve been doing to navigate hasn’t been working. You know that if you could have “thought” yourself into more balance and peace, you would have. The traditional 45 minute therapy model doesn't seem to be enough because just as you start to get somewhere the session ends. Therapy Intensives are a game-changing, modern approach to investing in your accelerated healing and progress.
(253) 649-2017 View (253) 649-2017
Photo of Maggie Cruise, LMHC, Counselor
Maggie Cruise
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
My approach to therapy is an integrated healing of the mind, body, spirit and soul to bring wholeness, which is available to every one of us. Through the lens of trauma-informed care, I specialize in betrayal trauma, childhood trauma, attachment concerns, grief and loss, parenting challenges, and mental health disorders that interfere with daily living. In addition, I work with those engaged in recovery from addictions.
My approach to therapy is an integrated healing of the mind, body, spirit and soul to bring wholeness, which is available to every one of us. Through the lens of trauma-informed care, I specialize in betrayal trauma, childhood trauma, attachment concerns, grief and loss, parenting challenges, and mental health disorders that interfere with daily living. In addition, I work with those engaged in recovery from addictions.
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Photo of Sandra Brannon - Sandra Brannon Counseling PLLC, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sandra Brannon Counseling PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life can be confusing, even overwhelming at times, and it takes courage to ask for help. I provide a safe, supportive place for you to express where you are on your journey and to explore what you truly want for your life. I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families who are motivated to find new ways of coping and relating.
Life can be confusing, even overwhelming at times, and it takes courage to ask for help. I provide a safe, supportive place for you to express where you are on your journey and to explore what you truly want for your life. I enjoy working with individuals, couples and families who are motivated to find new ways of coping and relating.
(253) 205-0529 View (253) 205-0529
Photo of Nathan P Lee - Nathan P. Lee Counseling, PLLC, MA, LMHCA, Counselor
Nathan P. Lee Counseling, PLLC
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98332  (Online Only)
As we adapt to the ‘new normal,’ many of us are experiencing increased feelings of anxiety, grief, and loneliness. You're not alone if the details of recent events (e.g., climate change, COVID, and socio-political unrest) have you feeling lost and overwhelmed. You're also not alone if it's more challenging to invest energy towards your self care and personal growth - or if it has become more difficult to focus and complete tasks at school and/or work as a result. Restoring a sense of balance in your life and reconnecting with your best self is within reach - and you'll soon learn to navigate our 'new normal' with a renewed purpose.
As we adapt to the ‘new normal,’ many of us are experiencing increased feelings of anxiety, grief, and loneliness. You're not alone if the details of recent events (e.g., climate change, COVID, and socio-political unrest) have you feeling lost and overwhelmed. You're also not alone if it's more challenging to invest energy towards your self care and personal growth - or if it has become more difficult to focus and complete tasks at school and/or work as a result. Restoring a sense of balance in your life and reconnecting with your best self is within reach - and you'll soon learn to navigate our 'new normal' with a renewed purpose.
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Photo of Richard Benson, LICSW, LCAS, MAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Richard Benson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCAS, MAC
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
At the core of my treatment philosophy is the belief that families heal when movement occurs and people begin to step out of their comfort zones to unlock their potential and capacity for growth. Often there is underlying pain and/or trauma that needs to be addressed in order for the system to recover and break the cycle. Whether the results of the family dysfunction is abuse, addiction, estrangement, divorce, suicide, broken communication paths, or some other behavior, treatment can provide relief.
At the core of my treatment philosophy is the belief that families heal when movement occurs and people begin to step out of their comfort zones to unlock their potential and capacity for growth. Often there is underlying pain and/or trauma that needs to be addressed in order for the system to recover and break the cycle. Whether the results of the family dysfunction is abuse, addiction, estrangement, divorce, suicide, broken communication paths, or some other behavior, treatment can provide relief.
(253) 753-1967 View (253) 753-1967
Photo of Franziska Schambeck, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Franziska Schambeck
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
Not accepting new clients
Feeling isolated in your parenting journey? Is your child having BIG emotions and don’t know what to do anymore? Navigating the challenges of raising children can be incredibly demanding as well as the pressures that come with parenting. Whether you’re dealing with your child’s emotional, social, or behavioral difficulties, or simply seeking effective parenting strategies, I am here to provide the support and guidance you need. I specialize in providing counseling services to children and adolescents seeking help in addressing issues such as anxiety, depression, social skills deficits, and behavioral issues.
Feeling isolated in your parenting journey? Is your child having BIG emotions and don’t know what to do anymore? Navigating the challenges of raising children can be incredibly demanding as well as the pressures that come with parenting. Whether you’re dealing with your child’s emotional, social, or behavioral difficulties, or simply seeking effective parenting strategies, I am here to provide the support and guidance you need. I specialize in providing counseling services to children and adolescents seeking help in addressing issues such as anxiety, depression, social skills deficits, and behavioral issues.
(253) 352-4714 View (253) 352-4714
Photo of Dan Whitmarsh, LMHCA, MACP, MDiv, Counselor
Dan Whitmarsh
Counselor, LMHCA, MACP, MDiv
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
It is my privilege to join with people in seeking to understand the mysteries of confusion, grief, and pain, working together with my clients to build up strength, gain insight, and develop pathways toward emotional health.
It is my privilege to join with people in seeking to understand the mysteries of confusion, grief, and pain, working together with my clients to build up strength, gain insight, and develop pathways toward emotional health.
(253) 367-3698 View (253) 367-3698
Photo of Gail Henricksen, MA, LMFTA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Gail Henricksen
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
As a systemic therapist, I am dedicated to guiding individuals, couples, and families through their inner complexities, fostering healing, growth, and self-discovery. I approach clients holistically, considering their relationships and connections using the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model as a foundation. This dynamic model identifies and works with inner subpersonalities, promoting self-compassion and self-acceptance. I tailor this approach to individual needs, incorporating additional methods when necessary, fostering transformative change at personal and relational levels.
As a systemic therapist, I am dedicated to guiding individuals, couples, and families through their inner complexities, fostering healing, growth, and self-discovery. I approach clients holistically, considering their relationships and connections using the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model as a foundation. This dynamic model identifies and works with inner subpersonalities, promoting self-compassion and self-acceptance. I tailor this approach to individual needs, incorporating additional methods when necessary, fostering transformative change at personal and relational levels.
(253) 285-1115 View (253) 285-1115
Photo of Maureen Turner, PsyD, Psychologist
Maureen Turner
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
Maureen Turner, Psy.D. is a Clinical Psychologist who specializes in the diagnostic evaluation of children, adolescents, and adults. Dr. Turner earned undergraduate and graduate degrees at Stanford University. She then completed her doctoral work at Pepperdine University and her post-doctoral training at the Center on Human Development and Disability at the University of Washington Medical Center. She is experienced in assessing a wide range of ages and especially enjoys providing assessments for children and adolescents.
Maureen Turner, Psy.D. is a Clinical Psychologist who specializes in the diagnostic evaluation of children, adolescents, and adults. Dr. Turner earned undergraduate and graduate degrees at Stanford University. She then completed her doctoral work at Pepperdine University and her post-doctoral training at the Center on Human Development and Disability at the University of Washington Medical Center. She is experienced in assessing a wide range of ages and especially enjoys providing assessments for children and adolescents.
(253) 237-8423 View (253) 237-8423
Photo of Vanessa Gilchrist, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Vanessa Gilchrist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
My trauma-informed approach invites a space of safety, warmth, and authenticity where we navigate issues and process emotions together to enhance resiliency, trust, and self-worth. It is my hope that therapy and our therapeutic alliance will provide you with opportunity for healing, empowerment, and re-authoring of life stories for positive change and growth toward personal fulfillment. I have experience working with individuals, couples, and families seeking to process through various struggles and difficulties using evidence-based treatments.
My trauma-informed approach invites a space of safety, warmth, and authenticity where we navigate issues and process emotions together to enhance resiliency, trust, and self-worth. It is my hope that therapy and our therapeutic alliance will provide you with opportunity for healing, empowerment, and re-authoring of life stories for positive change and growth toward personal fulfillment. I have experience working with individuals, couples, and families seeking to process through various struggles and difficulties using evidence-based treatments.
(253) 400-2440 View (253) 400-2440
Photo of Miri Sampson, MA, LMFTA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Miri Sampson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
Welcome! I am grateful you are here. I am a compassionate and empathetic person-centered therapist dedicated to empowering clients on their journey of self-discovery and growth. I believe in the inherent worth of each individual, and create a safe, non-judgmental space for exploration. Through active listening and unconditional positive regard, I encourage clients to express their thoughts and feelings freely. I tailor my therapeutic approach to suit each client's unique needs, and believe in the importance of fostering a strong therapeutic alliance. I will hold your stories and experiences with the utmost care.
Welcome! I am grateful you are here. I am a compassionate and empathetic person-centered therapist dedicated to empowering clients on their journey of self-discovery and growth. I believe in the inherent worth of each individual, and create a safe, non-judgmental space for exploration. Through active listening and unconditional positive regard, I encourage clients to express their thoughts and feelings freely. I tailor my therapeutic approach to suit each client's unique needs, and believe in the importance of fostering a strong therapeutic alliance. I will hold your stories and experiences with the utmost care.
(253) 867-9695 View (253) 867-9695
Summit Mental Health Services, PLLC
Counselor, LMHC, CMHS
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
I am a partner in Summit Health Management, a group founded by an eclectic partnership of four established, experienced providers with the vision of offering a variety of therapeutic services to meet the needs of children, adolescents, adults, elders, couples, and families in our community. Our group’s mission is to provide the region with experienced, compassionate, professional, and proficient mental and behavioral health care. We offer a therapy and psychiatric care for all ages, presentations, relationships and disorders, including individual, couples, family and group therapy, as well as substance abuse recovery for all ages.
I am a partner in Summit Health Management, a group founded by an eclectic partnership of four established, experienced providers with the vision of offering a variety of therapeutic services to meet the needs of children, adolescents, adults, elders, couples, and families in our community. Our group’s mission is to provide the region with experienced, compassionate, professional, and proficient mental and behavioral health care. We offer a therapy and psychiatric care for all ages, presentations, relationships and disorders, including individual, couples, family and group therapy, as well as substance abuse recovery for all ages.
(253) 215-8451 View (253) 215-8451
Photo of Jennifer Tynna Irwin, MS, LMHC, NATC, NCC, Counselor
Jennifer Tynna Irwin
Counselor, MS, LMHC, NATC, NCC
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
Are you experiencing relational stress, narcissistic relationships, infidelity, or codependency? If so, you might feel confused, betrayed, and alone. Do you ask yourself, "How do I keep ending up in these relationships?" Do you strive for validation, acceptance, and approval? Core beliefs are the foundation of our being but when they cause us pain, embarrassment, and shame we can become depressed, anxious, fake, and withdrawn. If you are telling yourself "I'm unlovable", "Something is wrong with me", “I am stupid”, “I am worthless”, or “I am not good enough”, your core beliefs may be contributing to your pain today.
Are you experiencing relational stress, narcissistic relationships, infidelity, or codependency? If so, you might feel confused, betrayed, and alone. Do you ask yourself, "How do I keep ending up in these relationships?" Do you strive for validation, acceptance, and approval? Core beliefs are the foundation of our being but when they cause us pain, embarrassment, and shame we can become depressed, anxious, fake, and withdrawn. If you are telling yourself "I'm unlovable", "Something is wrong with me", “I am stupid”, “I am worthless”, or “I am not good enough”, your core beliefs may be contributing to your pain today.
(253) 358-8564 View (253) 358-8564
Photo of Shamus Chierotti, LMFTA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Shamus Chierotti
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
Do you feel stuck? Have questions about yourself? Do you struggle with gender dysphoria? Find yourself obsessing about repeated thoughts? Feel that you are a burden? You are not alone in any of these thoughts, and you do not need to face them alone. These are questions I have had the honor of addressing in therapy with many of my clients. If these or any other concerns resonate with you, I would be happy to help you address them. Wether that ultimately means us working together or helping you find services that will best support you and your needs.
Do you feel stuck? Have questions about yourself? Do you struggle with gender dysphoria? Find yourself obsessing about repeated thoughts? Feel that you are a burden? You are not alone in any of these thoughts, and you do not need to face them alone. These are questions I have had the honor of addressing in therapy with many of my clients. If these or any other concerns resonate with you, I would be happy to help you address them. Wether that ultimately means us working together or helping you find services that will best support you and your needs.
(253) 785-6399 View (253) 785-6399
Photo of Susan Curtis, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan Curtis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Gig Harbor, WA 98335  (Online Only)
There comes a time when we all need a little help to cope with some of life's challenges. Life can often feel overwhelming and even exhausting, especially in today's environment. If this is one of those times that you are struggling with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship issues, or a death or loss that you are grieving, I am here. My goal in therapy is to create a safe space for you to explore difficult emotions, while leading you towards a place of healing and self-discovery.
There comes a time when we all need a little help to cope with some of life's challenges. Life can often feel overwhelming and even exhausting, especially in today's environment. If this is one of those times that you are struggling with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, relationship issues, or a death or loss that you are grieving, I am here. My goal in therapy is to create a safe space for you to explore difficult emotions, while leading you towards a place of healing and self-discovery.
(847) 802-9084 View (847) 802-9084
Photo of Jackie M Smith, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jackie M Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
Feeling stuck, anxious, or overwhelmed? You work hard to be competent on the outside, maintaining control, holding your life together. Yet you know something is off on the inside. You want to be free. Free from the worry, anxiety and the patterns you keep finding yourself living over and over. You don't need to live your life this way any longer. Is this type of freedom even possible? Yes. Yes it is. You do not have to walk this path alone any longer. You have tried everything you can think of to help you sleep, help you cope, stop the flashbacks. Some of your strategies worked, but they are not enough.
Feeling stuck, anxious, or overwhelmed? You work hard to be competent on the outside, maintaining control, holding your life together. Yet you know something is off on the inside. You want to be free. Free from the worry, anxiety and the patterns you keep finding yourself living over and over. You don't need to live your life this way any longer. Is this type of freedom even possible? Yes. Yes it is. You do not have to walk this path alone any longer. You have tried everything you can think of to help you sleep, help you cope, stop the flashbacks. Some of your strategies worked, but they are not enough.
(253) 527-5924 View (253) 527-5924
Photo of Valerie St. John, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Valerie St. John
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Gig Harbor, WA 98335
Waitlist for new clients
My treatment helps increase self-awareness and insight while challenging unbalanced thought processes. Enhancing self-worth and self-acceptance is a core theme for my clients. Common issues I work with are depression, anxiety, disordered eating, PTSD/trauma, panic, mild dissociation, perfectionism, people-pleasing, codependency, and performance anxiety. My trauma-informed and integrative approach involves a reflective, person-centered openness, where you can develop introspection, safely release emotions, and discover your true authentic self.
My treatment helps increase self-awareness and insight while challenging unbalanced thought processes. Enhancing self-worth and self-acceptance is a core theme for my clients. Common issues I work with are depression, anxiety, disordered eating, PTSD/trauma, panic, mild dissociation, perfectionism, people-pleasing, codependency, and performance anxiety. My trauma-informed and integrative approach involves a reflective, person-centered openness, where you can develop introspection, safely release emotions, and discover your true authentic self.
(360) 529-3401 View (360) 529-3401
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Gig Harbor, WA

200+

Average cost per session

$155

Therapists in Gig Harbor, WA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
74% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Premera Blue Cross
63% Regence
59% First Choice Health | FCH

How Therapists in Gig Harbor, WA see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Gig Harbor?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.