Therapists in Manchester, WA

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Photo of Courtney Oliver, LMHC, Counselor
Courtney Oliver
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110
Throughout life we can stumble upon barriers that prevent us to be our true selves or reach our potential. These barriers can range from depression, anxiety, grief and loss, and any life transitions. Counseling gives you an opportunity to explore barriers and potential possibilities and gain insight that could benefit how you move forward. I work with you to establish these barriers and learn tools and ways to overcome them. My hope through counseling is to build your toolbox so you can be successful in creating a life you love and deserve.
Throughout life we can stumble upon barriers that prevent us to be our true selves or reach our potential. These barriers can range from depression, anxiety, grief and loss, and any life transitions. Counseling gives you an opportunity to explore barriers and potential possibilities and gain insight that could benefit how you move forward. I work with you to establish these barriers and learn tools and ways to overcome them. My hope through counseling is to build your toolbox so you can be successful in creating a life you love and deserve.
(206) 456-0771 View (206) 456-0771
Photo of Kaeti Gugiu, MA, MFT, MHCA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kaeti Gugiu
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, MHCA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110
Hey, welcome to my little portal. The people I work best with experience daily struggles related to C-PTSD/Complex Trauma, neurodivergence, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, dissociative disorders, emotional challenges and relationship issues. They're often navigating the effects of marginalization and oppression, for themselves and intergenerationally. We work toward processing those experiences while gaining tools, self-knowledge, and understanding along the way. Together we tailor this process to suit you and your needs, help you find safety and strength, and make supported changes toward your goals.
Hey, welcome to my little portal. The people I work best with experience daily struggles related to C-PTSD/Complex Trauma, neurodivergence, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, dissociative disorders, emotional challenges and relationship issues. They're often navigating the effects of marginalization and oppression, for themselves and intergenerationally. We work toward processing those experiences while gaining tools, self-knowledge, and understanding along the way. Together we tailor this process to suit you and your needs, help you find safety and strength, and make supported changes toward your goals.
(206) 350-1577 View (206) 350-1577
Photo of Marjorie Rubin, MA, CMHS, LMHC, RPT, Counselor
Marjorie Rubin
Counselor, MA, CMHS, LMHC, RPT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110
Are you struggling with anxiety, feeling down, depressed, barely able to cope or sleep ? Maybe you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed or continually challenged by events beyond your control ? If you know you need help, but you're uncertain of whom to trust or where to begin, I am here. I offer a safe place along with respect, compassion, and warmth. I listen deeply, providing expert caring help for you to work on current challenges, past trauma, and future goals. I offer support to help develop inner resources, strengthen your sense of self ,and provide skills to increase resiliency and growth.
Are you struggling with anxiety, feeling down, depressed, barely able to cope or sleep ? Maybe you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed or continually challenged by events beyond your control ? If you know you need help, but you're uncertain of whom to trust or where to begin, I am here. I offer a safe place along with respect, compassion, and warmth. I listen deeply, providing expert caring help for you to work on current challenges, past trauma, and future goals. I offer support to help develop inner resources, strengthen your sense of self ,and provide skills to increase resiliency and growth.
(206) 966-6266 View (206) 966-6266
Photo of Nancy Sue Kessler, LMHC, Counselor
Nancy Sue Kessler
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98110  (Online Only)
When we work together, I often think of question such as: What do you want more of? What do you want less of? What makes it hard to get there? What can change? What do you need help to accept, so you may move forward? I can work with you to develop the energy and focus to make changes, to address obstacles, to process grief, and to develop skills to better relate with yourself and others, in accordance with what you value. I work with individuals who are 13 years old and up. I welcome people of all cultures, genders, sexual orientations, and neurological orientations who are open to working with me.
When we work together, I often think of question such as: What do you want more of? What do you want less of? What makes it hard to get there? What can change? What do you need help to accept, so you may move forward? I can work with you to develop the energy and focus to make changes, to address obstacles, to process grief, and to develop skills to better relate with yourself and others, in accordance with what you value. I work with individuals who are 13 years old and up. I welcome people of all cultures, genders, sexual orientations, and neurological orientations who are open to working with me.
(206) 800-6320 View (206) 800-6320
Photo of William Krutch, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
William Krutch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110
Not accepting new clients
My job as a therapist is to help you find solutions to problems that are limiting your enjoyment of life. I utilize cognitive therapy which has a "here and now" focus and includes a skill-set which will help you examine and let go of negative self-concepts and achieve the goals that are important to you. My goal is to provide a supportive environment in which you will be able to come to terms with past and present problems and adopt strategies that will reduce feelings of anger, depression and anxiety.
My job as a therapist is to help you find solutions to problems that are limiting your enjoyment of life. I utilize cognitive therapy which has a "here and now" focus and includes a skill-set which will help you examine and let go of negative self-concepts and achieve the goals that are important to you. My goal is to provide a supportive environment in which you will be able to come to terms with past and present problems and adopt strategies that will reduce feelings of anger, depression and anxiety.
(360) 797-5995 View (360) 797-5995
Photo of Heather Huckett, MA, LMFTA, CST, Marriage & Family Therapist
Heather Huckett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFTA, CST
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110
It is time to prioritize yourself and rediscover the many pleasures life has to offer. I treat teens, adults and relationships structures who are experiencing overwhelm and distress. Together we will work towards untangling the unhelpful narratives surrounding sex and sexuality, anxiety, depression, perinatal/postpartum mental health, ADHD and feelings of burnout. Feelings of insecurity, shame, discomfort, or boredom can lead to long lasting rifts in our relationships, including the relationship with ourselves. My approach is client centered to ensure that my clients feel truly heard.
It is time to prioritize yourself and rediscover the many pleasures life has to offer. I treat teens, adults and relationships structures who are experiencing overwhelm and distress. Together we will work towards untangling the unhelpful narratives surrounding sex and sexuality, anxiety, depression, perinatal/postpartum mental health, ADHD and feelings of burnout. Feelings of insecurity, shame, discomfort, or boredom can lead to long lasting rifts in our relationships, including the relationship with ourselves. My approach is client centered to ensure that my clients feel truly heard.
(206) 590-4637 View (206) 590-4637
Photo of Peter Elliot Thomas, MA, LMHC, Counselor
Peter Elliot Thomas
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My goal as your therapist is to help you develop a deep sense of your authentic self, and to cultivate your own strength and confidence in your ability to handle what life throws at you. We will work together primarily through the lens of Internal Family Systems (IFS), an intuitive and evidence-based approach to therapy. Have you ever used the phrase "Part of me feels..." to describe an internal conflict? IFS takes the idea of "parts" and provides a framework for healing the wounded parts of yourself. By approaching these "parts" with compassion and understanding, we create new space for you to live your life free of old burdens.
My goal as your therapist is to help you develop a deep sense of your authentic self, and to cultivate your own strength and confidence in your ability to handle what life throws at you. We will work together primarily through the lens of Internal Family Systems (IFS), an intuitive and evidence-based approach to therapy. Have you ever used the phrase "Part of me feels..." to describe an internal conflict? IFS takes the idea of "parts" and provides a framework for healing the wounded parts of yourself. By approaching these "parts" with compassion and understanding, we create new space for you to live your life free of old burdens.
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Photo of Stephanie Rogart, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Rogart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110  (Online Only)
I provide a safe and supportive environment centered around working together to identify and build upon your strengths. My expertise is in the treatment of anxiety and life transitions throughout the life cycle. These include challenges of young adulthood, self-esteem/self-worth, work-related stress, relationships, family discord, parenting challenges, finding meaning in retirement, grief & anything in between. I will provide strategies to help overcome challenges that life may throw at you. Our work together will inspire you to move towards balance and find a sense of purpose.
I provide a safe and supportive environment centered around working together to identify and build upon your strengths. My expertise is in the treatment of anxiety and life transitions throughout the life cycle. These include challenges of young adulthood, self-esteem/self-worth, work-related stress, relationships, family discord, parenting challenges, finding meaning in retirement, grief & anything in between. I will provide strategies to help overcome challenges that life may throw at you. Our work together will inspire you to move towards balance and find a sense of purpose.
(619) 612-0998 View (619) 612-0998
Photo of Terry Basolo - Terry Basolo & Associates, Psychotherapy, LMHC, NCC, SMMHS, Counselor
Terry Basolo & Associates, Psychotherapy
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, SMMHS
Verified Verified
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110
Hello, I am a Seattle-based psychotherapist who utilizes an array of selected techniques to best adapt to each individual or group I see, based on their life transition point or difficulty motivating them to seek counseling. I believe both short- and long-term counseling are beneficial, dependent on my client's situation and their therapeutic goals.
Hello, I am a Seattle-based psychotherapist who utilizes an array of selected techniques to best adapt to each individual or group I see, based on their life transition point or difficulty motivating them to seek counseling. I believe both short- and long-term counseling are beneficial, dependent on my client's situation and their therapeutic goals.
View
Alta Vista Integrated Life Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Port Orchard, WA 98366
We provide individual/group therapy and education services to support children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families from all cultures, backgrounds, and abilities.
We provide individual/group therapy and education services to support children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families from all cultures, backgrounds, and abilities.
(855) 201-8141 x1 View (855) 201-8141 x1
Photo of Julie Davis - Hope, Growth & Healing Counseling , LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hope, Growth & Healing Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Silverdale, WA 98383
I practice with a brief therapy and solution focused approach that explores your resiliency and promotes self discovery. I am skilled in Solution-Focused, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Conflict Resolution and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. I utilize a Motivational Interviewing approach and supportive humor to help you better understand any barriers that might be limiting your desired outcomes.
I practice with a brief therapy and solution focused approach that explores your resiliency and promotes self discovery. I am skilled in Solution-Focused, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Conflict Resolution and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. I utilize a Motivational Interviewing approach and supportive humor to help you better understand any barriers that might be limiting your desired outcomes.
(206) 900-9031 View (206) 900-9031
Photo of Sean Fitzgerald, DMFT, LMHC, LPCC, Counselor
Sean Fitzgerald
Counselor, DMFT, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110  (Online Only)
Do you feel unbalanced and overwhelmed? Feeling trapped by your own life? Sometimes people and life expect more and more out of us, leaving nothing for us but a full schedule and an empty life. You may also fear expressing our emotions because you're not sure what will happen if you do. Whether it’s problems with work, home life, a relationship, chronic illness or a specific event like a major transition, accident, or sudden death, I can help by providing a safe place for you to open up and feel heard.
Do you feel unbalanced and overwhelmed? Feeling trapped by your own life? Sometimes people and life expect more and more out of us, leaving nothing for us but a full schedule and an empty life. You may also fear expressing our emotions because you're not sure what will happen if you do. Whether it’s problems with work, home life, a relationship, chronic illness or a specific event like a major transition, accident, or sudden death, I can help by providing a safe place for you to open up and feel heard.
(206) 312-4749 View (206) 312-4749
Photo of Kate Nack, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kate Nack
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110  (Online Only)
Has life taken an unexpected turn that seems overwhelming? Are you faced with uncertainty about the new normal you find around you? Do you feel sadness, grief or loss for your "old" or "real" self? Life transitions can shake our sense of who we are, how we relate to our bodies, and how we see our place in the world.
Has life taken an unexpected turn that seems overwhelming? Are you faced with uncertainty about the new normal you find around you? Do you feel sadness, grief or loss for your "old" or "real" self? Life transitions can shake our sense of who we are, how we relate to our bodies, and how we see our place in the world.
View
Photo of Aubrey Lough, LMFT, SUDP, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Aubrey Lough
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SUDP, MA
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have experience working with couples, families and individuals of all ages from a variety of cultures/ethnicities, socio-economic backgrounds, and religious beliefs, as well as LGBTQIA+. My approach is integrated, operating from a systems theory background, with a lens that is relational and informed by awareness of how societal factors impact experience. Working as a certified substance use disorder counselor, I address not only the individual user, but the impact of use on loved ones. I see change happening through shifts from a person seeing themselves as the problem to seeing themselves as a person up against a problem.
I have experience working with couples, families and individuals of all ages from a variety of cultures/ethnicities, socio-economic backgrounds, and religious beliefs, as well as LGBTQIA+. My approach is integrated, operating from a systems theory background, with a lens that is relational and informed by awareness of how societal factors impact experience. Working as a certified substance use disorder counselor, I address not only the individual user, but the impact of use on loved ones. I see change happening through shifts from a person seeing themselves as the problem to seeing themselves as a person up against a problem.
(206) 590-7235 View (206) 590-7235
Photo of Kristin E Deforest, MSW, LICSWA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristin E Deforest
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSWA
Verified Verified
Silverdale, WA 98383  (Online Only)
As a dedicated professional with extensive knowledge in cultural humility, trauma-focused care, and the person-in-environment framework, I am committed to providing holistic and empathetic support to my clients. I understand the importance of recognizing and valuing each individual’s unique cultural background and experiences. My approach ensures that your personal history and environment are considered in our work together, allowing for a comprehensive and tailored therapeutic experience. Together, we will create a safe and supportive space for healing and growth.
As a dedicated professional with extensive knowledge in cultural humility, trauma-focused care, and the person-in-environment framework, I am committed to providing holistic and empathetic support to my clients. I understand the importance of recognizing and valuing each individual’s unique cultural background and experiences. My approach ensures that your personal history and environment are considered in our work together, allowing for a comprehensive and tailored therapeutic experience. Together, we will create a safe and supportive space for healing and growth.
(206) 759-5314 View (206) 759-5314
Photo of Jennifer L. Manlowe, LMFT, PhD, MDiv, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jennifer L. Manlowe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PhD, MDiv
Verified Verified
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110  (Online Only)
If you're feeling in the dark navigating a difficult transition, you're in the right place. You may doubt your power to change life as it is right now. You may have absorbed cultural messages that say, "There's nothing you can do, things will never improve." I disagree. My specialties include using solutions-oriented methods which include: “Compassionate Effectiveness Training,” "Enneagram profiling," and "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy." Together we’ll work with feelings you might have of being different from the norm; of hoping to find ground in an ever-changing world; of wanting to find a sense of home within yourself.
If you're feeling in the dark navigating a difficult transition, you're in the right place. You may doubt your power to change life as it is right now. You may have absorbed cultural messages that say, "There's nothing you can do, things will never improve." I disagree. My specialties include using solutions-oriented methods which include: “Compassionate Effectiveness Training,” "Enneagram profiling," and "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy." Together we’ll work with feelings you might have of being different from the norm; of hoping to find ground in an ever-changing world; of wanting to find a sense of home within yourself.
(206) 451-1332 View (206) 451-1332
Photo of Amber Ford - Neupathway (Amber Ford), EdD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Neupathway (Amber Ford)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110  (Online Only)
We all need support throughout our lives, and you may be looking for an additional resource to help you process lived experiences, problem-solve, or understand yourself in a deeper way. You may be struggling with anxiety, the challenges of caregiving, work stress and burnout, relationship challenges, or working through grief, loss, or bereavement. You want to engage in healthy coping skills and develop self-care habits to better support the vision you have for your life.
We all need support throughout our lives, and you may be looking for an additional resource to help you process lived experiences, problem-solve, or understand yourself in a deeper way. You may be struggling with anxiety, the challenges of caregiving, work stress and burnout, relationship challenges, or working through grief, loss, or bereavement. You want to engage in healthy coping skills and develop self-care habits to better support the vision you have for your life.
(206) 537-0779 View (206) 537-0779
Photo of Daniel Rusco, MA, LMHCA, Counselor
Daniel Rusco
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Silverdale, WA 98383
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about the next steps in your life? Have you grown tired of shoving it all down and not dealing with things? Are you ready to prioritize your well-being and embark on a journey of self-discovery? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you're in the right place. As a therapist, I am here to provide a supportive and non-judgmental space where we can explore your unique experiences, set meaningful goals, and work towards positive change. Let's start a conversation about your needs and aspirations.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or uncertain about the next steps in your life? Have you grown tired of shoving it all down and not dealing with things? Are you ready to prioritize your well-being and embark on a journey of self-discovery? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you're in the right place. As a therapist, I am here to provide a supportive and non-judgmental space where we can explore your unique experiences, set meaningful goals, and work towards positive change. Let's start a conversation about your needs and aspirations.
(206) 759-2037 View (206) 759-2037
Photo of Raleigh M Davis, MA, LMHC-A, Counselor
Raleigh M Davis
Counselor, MA, LMHC-A
Verified Verified
Bremerton, WA 98310  (Online Only)
I strongly believe that therapy is co-created between client and therapist. While I am trained in the process of counseling, the client is the expert in their own experiences. I believe that the combining of these expertise is what creates meaningful therapy and lasting change. I am passionate about creating an environment where my clients feel safe to be their most authentic self and know that their experiences are truly heard. Therapy can already be such an intimidating and overwhelming undertaking – so I strive to show cultural humility and provide a non-judgmental space where we can focus on the true goals at hand.
I strongly believe that therapy is co-created between client and therapist. While I am trained in the process of counseling, the client is the expert in their own experiences. I believe that the combining of these expertise is what creates meaningful therapy and lasting change. I am passionate about creating an environment where my clients feel safe to be their most authentic self and know that their experiences are truly heard. Therapy can already be such an intimidating and overwhelming undertaking – so I strive to show cultural humility and provide a non-judgmental space where we can focus on the true goals at hand.
(360) 495-1267 View (360) 495-1267
Photo of Liz Silvestrini, LMHC, MA, JD, Counselor
Liz Silvestrini
Counselor, LMHC, MA, JD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110  (Online Only)
It was a long time coming, but somehow, it still doesn’t feel real. You spent so much time and energy building a life with your spouse. But now that the marriage is over, it feels like it was all for nothing. The bright future you’ve been dreaming about is destroyed – the new one is dark and frightening. You can’t stop thinking about where things went wrong. Is it my fault? Should I have done something differently? Have I made a huge mistake? You’ve defined your identity as part of this relationship for so long that you’re unsure who you are outside of it. And you’re scared to make a new plan for your life when the last one failed.
It was a long time coming, but somehow, it still doesn’t feel real. You spent so much time and energy building a life with your spouse. But now that the marriage is over, it feels like it was all for nothing. The bright future you’ve been dreaming about is destroyed – the new one is dark and frightening. You can’t stop thinking about where things went wrong. Is it my fault? Should I have done something differently? Have I made a huge mistake? You’ve defined your identity as part of this relationship for so long that you’re unsure who you are outside of it. And you’re scared to make a new plan for your life when the last one failed.
(425) 842-1125 View (425) 842-1125

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Manchester, WA

< 10

Therapists in Manchester, WA who prioritize treating:

How Therapists in Manchester, WA see their clients

2% Online Only
1% In Person and Online
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Manchester?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.