Addiction Therapists in Waipahu, HI
![Photo of Nestor Batalon, LCSW, CSAC, ICADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4a73d383-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Nestor Batalon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAC, ICADC
Verified Verified
Waipahu, HI 96797
I specialized in the treatment of substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and impulse control disorders.
Are you looking for a therapist with proven experience, ability and success to understand, motivate and inspire you to cultivate your natural ability to resolve your life-hurdles and live life to the fullest? If you are, I can help.
I specialized in the treatment of substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and impulse control disorders.
Are you looking for a therapist with proven experience, ability and success to understand, motivate and inspire you to cultivate your natural ability to resolve your life-hurdles and live life to the fullest? If you are, I can help.
![Photo of Chris M Parker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/bbe0f679-75b7-4d31-a2ac-43f15fe7a125/1/320x400.jpeg)
I enjoy helping my clients build on their strengths to achieve the personal growth they are committed to accomplishing. I am passionate about empowering clients through a strong therapeutic relationship and fostering a supportive, non-judgmental environment that enables clients to address personal life challenges effectively. The most common problems my clients struggle with include mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder, as well as substance abuse issues. My clients may also be dealing with life transitions, family conflicts, relationship issues, and trauma.
I enjoy helping my clients build on their strengths to achieve the personal growth they are committed to accomplishing. I am passionate about empowering clients through a strong therapeutic relationship and fostering a supportive, non-judgmental environment that enables clients to address personal life challenges effectively. The most common problems my clients struggle with include mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder, as well as substance abuse issues. My clients may also be dealing with life transitions, family conflicts, relationship issues, and trauma.
![Photo of Carly Williamson, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e0c1df18-a40c-4cf5-9e67-f72be307f97b/2/320x400.jpeg)
I work with individuals, couples, and families struggling with substance abuse issues, relationship challenges, parenting difficulties, and issues of self-worth. There are often issues involving poor communication between one another within a couple or a family unit. Whether I sit with just one member of a couple or family, or several, there is often a set of beliefs that are being worked with that are found to be developed out of fear or a pattern of neglect for self or other. My clients experience an increased sense of connection to themselves and the world around them, inclusive of the activities and people they care about.
I work with individuals, couples, and families struggling with substance abuse issues, relationship challenges, parenting difficulties, and issues of self-worth. There are often issues involving poor communication between one another within a couple or a family unit. Whether I sit with just one member of a couple or family, or several, there is often a set of beliefs that are being worked with that are found to be developed out of fear or a pattern of neglect for self or other. My clients experience an increased sense of connection to themselves and the world around them, inclusive of the activities and people they care about.
![Photo of Gabrielle Schwing, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/6974f10e-7a3d-41b6-a82d-c571a9318969/1/320x400.jpeg)
I tend to work with adults that are struggling with substance use disorders and finding sobriety, as well as their family members and friends.
Aloha! My name is Gabrielle Schwing, however, most people call me Brie. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (CSAC) in the State of Hawaii. I work with adults and specialize in substance use disorders and recovery, and also anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and life transitions. I often use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Solutions Focused Therapy. However, I continue to learn and incorporate new modalities as I grow as a therapist and to better help my clients.
I tend to work with adults that are struggling with substance use disorders and finding sobriety, as well as their family members and friends.
Aloha! My name is Gabrielle Schwing, however, most people call me Brie. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor (CSAC) in the State of Hawaii. I work with adults and specialize in substance use disorders and recovery, and also anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and life transitions. I often use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Solutions Focused Therapy. However, I continue to learn and incorporate new modalities as I grow as a therapist and to better help my clients.
![Photo of Hooko Llc - Ho'oko LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/3d181479-46cd-11ea-a6ad-06142c356176/2/320x400.jpeg)
Ho'oko LLC is a private counseling center comprised of a team of licensed marriage and family therapists, licensed psychologist, and certified substance abuse counselors. Ho'oko means to fulfill, to complete, come to pass, to succeed. We are driven by the mission to "fulfill lives through counseling."
Ho'oko LLC is a private counseling center comprised of a team of licensed marriage and family therapists, licensed psychologist, and certified substance abuse counselors. Ho'oko means to fulfill, to complete, come to pass, to succeed. We are driven by the mission to "fulfill lives through counseling."
![Photo of Raymond Black III - Heavenly Counsel, MA, LMHC, LPC, IMFT, CSAC](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/4caed8d1-ee75-4ae2-90b4-cce959885aba/3/320x400.jpeg)
Do you find yourself burdened with repetitive thoughts of “Why can’t I escape my past?” or you can’t seem to escape the guilt or shame associated with a past traumatic event? Do you find it nearly impossible to find peace? These very things rob us daily from experiencing joy, confidence, happiness, peace, and healthy relationships. Relationships are my passion, especially those concerning individuals suffering from issues related to communication, addiction, sexual abuse, loss of identity, intimacy, marriage/divorce, depression, and broken trust. Each individual, in my opinion, is unique and my approach is tailored case specific.
Do you find yourself burdened with repetitive thoughts of “Why can’t I escape my past?” or you can’t seem to escape the guilt or shame associated with a past traumatic event? Do you find it nearly impossible to find peace? These very things rob us daily from experiencing joy, confidence, happiness, peace, and healthy relationships. Relationships are my passion, especially those concerning individuals suffering from issues related to communication, addiction, sexual abuse, loss of identity, intimacy, marriage/divorce, depression, and broken trust. Each individual, in my opinion, is unique and my approach is tailored case specific.
![Photo of Dawn Martin, LCMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/f89fc7e0-05c9-46a6-8260-fef1549d3828/2/320x400.jpeg)
I have extensive training in treating addictions, depression, suicidality, and generational trauma.
Aloha! My name is Dawn Martin, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor here in Hawai'i. I work mostly with those needing support around trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship stress, and life stage transition. I would define my therapy approach to be a client centered holistic approach, incorporating psychedelic-assisted healing and integration as a tool towards transformation. I work mostly with adults, both individually and as couples, who are interested in self-discovery, shifting thought patterns, and/or searching for different ways to heal.
I have extensive training in treating addictions, depression, suicidality, and generational trauma.
Aloha! My name is Dawn Martin, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor here in Hawai'i. I work mostly with those needing support around trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship stress, and life stage transition. I would define my therapy approach to be a client centered holistic approach, incorporating psychedelic-assisted healing and integration as a tool towards transformation. I work mostly with adults, both individually and as couples, who are interested in self-discovery, shifting thought patterns, and/or searching for different ways to heal.
![Photo of Miranda Stone, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/983c62a1-078c-4245-86ff-f695938787bf/1/320x400.png)
Hi, my name is Miranda Stone, and I am an LCSW practicing in the state of Hawaii, providing therapy services to residents on all the islands via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in treating anxiety, past trauma, depression, self-worth/self-love, OCD, those with past domestic violence and bullying experiences, substance use, and stress. My primary approach is to use cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and some psychodynamic psychology. I like to take a collaborative approach to therapy, continuously checking in with you and making it person-centered.
Hi, my name is Miranda Stone, and I am an LCSW practicing in the state of Hawaii, providing therapy services to residents on all the islands via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in treating anxiety, past trauma, depression, self-worth/self-love, OCD, those with past domestic violence and bullying experiences, substance use, and stress. My primary approach is to use cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and some psychodynamic psychology. I like to take a collaborative approach to therapy, continuously checking in with you and making it person-centered.
![Photo of Tanya Jones, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/77539c29-d795-4104-a0b2-8e12335c76e4/2/320x400.jpeg)
Aloha, I am Dr. Tanya Jones. I am a military veteran who is dedicated to helping others reach their potential for over 20 years. In my practice, I utilize evidence-based methods to help my clients overcome life challenges and problematic decision patterns. I specialize in supporting adolescents and young adults (ages 12-30). My specializations are domestic violence, helping clients to overcome depression, self-esteem challenges, women's issues, anxiety, life transitions, co-dependency issues, substance use/abuse disorders, and faith-based support life coaching/counseling.
Aloha, I am Dr. Tanya Jones. I am a military veteran who is dedicated to helping others reach their potential for over 20 years. In my practice, I utilize evidence-based methods to help my clients overcome life challenges and problematic decision patterns. I specialize in supporting adolescents and young adults (ages 12-30). My specializations are domestic violence, helping clients to overcome depression, self-esteem challenges, women's issues, anxiety, life transitions, co-dependency issues, substance use/abuse disorders, and faith-based support life coaching/counseling.
![Photo of Joelle K Branch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/df95df07-5914-412f-a2d9-1fab70b44a23/1/320x400.jpeg)
I have an extensive clinical work history with psychiatric facilities, hospital, substance abuse treatment centers, community prisons, community agencies, and providers.
My name is Joelle Kuuleinani Branch, and I have been dedicated to serving my community of Hawaii for many years. My extensive experience provides me the privilege to support children, adolescents, adults, and families dealing with challenges like anxiety, depression, substance abuse, PTSD and much more.
I have an extensive clinical work history with psychiatric facilities, hospital, substance abuse treatment centers, community prisons, community agencies, and providers.
My name is Joelle Kuuleinani Branch, and I have been dedicated to serving my community of Hawaii for many years. My extensive experience provides me the privilege to support children, adolescents, adults, and families dealing with challenges like anxiety, depression, substance abuse, PTSD and much more.
![Photo of Kathleen Welch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/87800a6e-2092-4561-875f-0818bf0f72a8/1/320x400.jpeg)
I specialize in working with adults and teens dealing with addiction, anxiety, depression, PTSD, and sexual trauma, with a special emphasis on Veterans and combat trauma.
My name is Katie Welch and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Wailuku, Maui, where I enjoy serving clients across the state of Hawaii. I primarily work with adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, PTSD, sexual trauma, and addiction. My favorite frameworks for care are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing, always through the lens of trauma-informed care. This provider resides in Hawaii.
I specialize in working with adults and teens dealing with addiction, anxiety, depression, PTSD, and sexual trauma, with a special emphasis on Veterans and combat trauma.
My name is Katie Welch and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Wailuku, Maui, where I enjoy serving clients across the state of Hawaii. I primarily work with adults and specialize in anxiety, depression, PTSD, sexual trauma, and addiction. My favorite frameworks for care are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance, and Commitment Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing, always through the lens of trauma-informed care. This provider resides in Hawaii.
![Photo of Margaret Hales, LMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/a5db3248-b0b6-48ea-89ed-24bbe5da55de/1/320x400.jpeg)
Meg Hales, LMHC, NCC. Everyone needs someone to listen, which is why I approach therapy as an empathetic and realistic conversation geared toward helping clients feel better. My focus areas include Adults, Individuals, Couples, Depression, Anxiety, and Addiction. My clients are tired of being unhappy and ready to make a change. I specialize in Couples going through relationship challenges, Adults suffering from Depression or Anxiety, those struggling with Addiction, and anyone else who needs to talk to someone.
Meg Hales, LMHC, NCC. Everyone needs someone to listen, which is why I approach therapy as an empathetic and realistic conversation geared toward helping clients feel better. My focus areas include Adults, Individuals, Couples, Depression, Anxiety, and Addiction. My clients are tired of being unhappy and ready to make a change. I specialize in Couples going through relationship challenges, Adults suffering from Depression or Anxiety, those struggling with Addiction, and anyone else who needs to talk to someone.
![Photo of Dharmi Lad, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/ba0005a5-4cbb-4cfb-9034-be0dfa24bbd2/2/320x400.jpeg)
I specialize in helping those struggling with substance abuse/ addiction, dealing with a work and college life balance, family and relational conflict, and children that have disrupting behaviors that affect them in school and at home.
Hello, I am Dharmistha Lad but I go by Dharmi. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have 8 years of experience in mental health in both Hawaii and Los Angeles. My goal in therapy is to assist clients in using their individual strengths and resiliencies to strive toward goals through a collaborative process. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and individuals. I specialize in anxiety, life transitions, and family/relationship conflict.
I specialize in helping those struggling with substance abuse/ addiction, dealing with a work and college life balance, family and relational conflict, and children that have disrupting behaviors that affect them in school and at home.
Hello, I am Dharmistha Lad but I go by Dharmi. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have 8 years of experience in mental health in both Hawaii and Los Angeles. My goal in therapy is to assist clients in using their individual strengths and resiliencies to strive toward goals through a collaborative process. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and individuals. I specialize in anxiety, life transitions, and family/relationship conflict.
![Photo of Maile Kimura Ho, NCC, CSAC, LMHC, LMFT, BCBA, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/0fed4640-85f8-4b95-9b37-e6868ef9a9de/1/320x400.jpeg)
Maile Kimura Ho
Marriage & Family Therapist, NCC, CSAC, LMHC, LMFT, BCBA
Verified Verified
Waipahu, HI 96797
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, a Licensed Behavior Analyst, a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor, and a National Certified Counselor.
Hello! Thank you for stopping by. Taking the steps to identify the desire for support and to reach out to someone to seek guidance takes a lot of courage. Counseling can be intimidating; however, my goal is to provide a space that embodies safety, comfort, and growth. I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaborative one which requires active participation from all parties. My methodologies will vary based on individual needs.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, a Licensed Behavior Analyst, a Certified Substance Abuse Counselor, and a National Certified Counselor.
Hello! Thank you for stopping by. Taking the steps to identify the desire for support and to reach out to someone to seek guidance takes a lot of courage. Counseling can be intimidating; however, my goal is to provide a space that embodies safety, comfort, and growth. I view the therapeutic relationship as a collaborative one which requires active participation from all parties. My methodologies will vary based on individual needs.
![Photo of Lauren Baker, MS, LAC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/942f1bc4-a19b-45e4-959c-cea57520639a/2/320x400.jpeg)
Do you often feel like external factors are running the show? Are you consistently concerned with how others perceive you? Do you feel troubled by past experiences or traumas? Preoccupied about your future? Perhaps you hold this discomfort in your body. Maybe parts of yourself will act out impulsively to extinguish your distress. We’ve all experienced wounds of various shapes and sizes. If you are striving to pursue change, I am here to help you take agency over your life. By exploring our wounds from a place of empathy and curiosity, it is possible to discover strength and meaning, even gratitude, in our greatest challenges.
Do you often feel like external factors are running the show? Are you consistently concerned with how others perceive you? Do you feel troubled by past experiences or traumas? Preoccupied about your future? Perhaps you hold this discomfort in your body. Maybe parts of yourself will act out impulsively to extinguish your distress. We’ve all experienced wounds of various shapes and sizes. If you are striving to pursue change, I am here to help you take agency over your life. By exploring our wounds from a place of empathy and curiosity, it is possible to discover strength and meaning, even gratitude, in our greatest challenges.
![Photo of Taryn Church, LCMHC, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/c17aa8cb-205f-4ff2-886c-5e5b2e7d3aa4/1/320x400.jpeg)
I’m so glad you’re here. My name is Taryn L. Church; I am a licensed Clinical Mental Health Therapist in Hawaii, as well as New Mexico. Taking this step towards self-discovery and growth is a commendable decision, and I'm here to support you in every way that I can. I am a trauma-informed, client-centered therapist. What that means is I desire to help you recognize and understand the impact that past experiences may have on your present thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Then go a step further and identify if those things are still serving you or if there are areas you’d like to change.
I’m so glad you’re here. My name is Taryn L. Church; I am a licensed Clinical Mental Health Therapist in Hawaii, as well as New Mexico. Taking this step towards self-discovery and growth is a commendable decision, and I'm here to support you in every way that I can. I am a trauma-informed, client-centered therapist. What that means is I desire to help you recognize and understand the impact that past experiences may have on your present thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Then go a step further and identify if those things are still serving you or if there are areas you’d like to change.
![Photo of Dr. Rhesa R. Kaulia, PhD, MFT, CSAC, EMDR, CPTT, Marriage & Family Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/11e2c81e-6bd1-4011-bde2-f782695ed5e3/1/320x400.jpeg)
Dr. Rhesa R. Kaulia
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT, CSAC, EMDR, CPTT
Verified Verified
Waipahu, HI 96797
Aloha e! My practice, Grace Works, LLC, is a private Counseling Center providing services to individuals, couples and families. My experiences span a number of environments including mental institutions, prisons, drug programs, in-homes, schools, churches, non-profit organizations, courts, and the military. All treatment that I provide endeavors to extend grace and aloha to the recipient(s). It is my firm belief that through this type of extension, true healing and lasting change can take place.
Aloha e! My practice, Grace Works, LLC, is a private Counseling Center providing services to individuals, couples and families. My experiences span a number of environments including mental institutions, prisons, drug programs, in-homes, schools, churches, non-profit organizations, courts, and the military. All treatment that I provide endeavors to extend grace and aloha to the recipient(s). It is my firm belief that through this type of extension, true healing and lasting change can take place.
![Photo of Shyla Haven, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/e3e70cb1-1ddd-4341-92f1-dd43c8f2eae5/1/320x400.jpeg)
Hi, my name is Shyla Haven, and I am licensed in Hawaii with 5 years of therapy experience, and a total of 11 years in direct services. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, relationship issues, trauma and abuse, & motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. I believe that you are the expert on your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming things that challenge you. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey.
Hi, my name is Shyla Haven, and I am licensed in Hawaii with 5 years of therapy experience, and a total of 11 years in direct services. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, relationship issues, trauma and abuse, & motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. I believe that you are the expert on your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming things that challenge you. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey.
![Photo of Teri Lynn Ku'ulei Kim, LMHC, LCPC, MA, MPhil, Counselor](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/b92dfe8b-877f-45c5-9c25-d0ba1a93be29/1/320x400.jpeg)
I work with patients focusing on anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, stress, anger, addictions, relationships, multiculturalism, and Christian counseling.
You can’t control the challenging factors you are faced with in life but you can be empowered by how you perceive and respond. Difficulties, trials, struggles, pain, and grief are unavoidable even if you perceive to make the "right" choices. Life can be hard sometimes and unfair. Even the daily stressors of work, career, family, responsibilities, life transitions, difficult relationships, and lack of expectations being met can weigh you down. You live life through experiences, and experiences are understood through your perceptions. When you develop the tools to manage your perceptions, you can also manage those experiences.
I work with patients focusing on anxiety, depression, grief, life transitions, stress, anger, addictions, relationships, multiculturalism, and Christian counseling.
You can’t control the challenging factors you are faced with in life but you can be empowered by how you perceive and respond. Difficulties, trials, struggles, pain, and grief are unavoidable even if you perceive to make the "right" choices. Life can be hard sometimes and unfair. Even the daily stressors of work, career, family, responsibilities, life transitions, difficult relationships, and lack of expectations being met can weigh you down. You live life through experiences, and experiences are understood through your perceptions. When you develop the tools to manage your perceptions, you can also manage those experiences.
![Photo of Noreen Joyce, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist](https://photos.psychologytoday.com/5fe60b60-8fe1-4781-948b-7d5314828fa3/1/320x400.png)
Aloha! I am Noreen Joyce, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have been working with people for many years to help them live their best life with certainty and peace. I was classically trained in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Through the years, I have learned and utilized many effective therapeutic approaches that we will discuss together to choose the best approach for you to achieve your therapy goals.
Aloha! I am Noreen Joyce, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have been working with people for many years to help them live their best life with certainty and peace. I was classically trained in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Through the years, I have learned and utilized many effective therapeutic approaches that we will discuss together to choose the best approach for you to achieve your therapy goals.
See more therapy options for Waipahu
Nearby Addiction Therapists Searches for Waipahu
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What is the best therapy for addiction?
Addiction treatment will be tailored to the individual. People seeking help for addiction—whether with a psychotherapist, in an outpatient clinic, or in a residential program—should expect to engage in multiple types of treatments, sometimes including medication. For anyone recovering from addiction, avoiding situations in which one has typically used a substance is essential, as is the support of close connections. Since substance use disorders tend to co-occur with underlying mental health conditions such as anxiety or depression, those must also be addressed as part of any recovery plan.
How long does therapy for addiction take?
There is no set timeline for recovery from addiction. Patients and their families should expect the work to last several months, if not longer. Residential treatment programs may be based on a stay of 30, 60, or 90 days, with continuing work after release, but only about 1 percent of people are treated in such facilities. Ceasing use is just the first step; therapy to help maintain abstinence and effect behavior change must follow. The process of recovery, neuroscience has shown, involves brain cells recovering the capacity to respond to natural sources of reward and restore control over the impulse to use. Another definition of recovery is restoring voluntary control over one’s substance use and retaking all of one’s previous responsibilities.
How effective is drug addiction treatment?
Substance use disorders are treatable and remission is achievable for many who seek recovery; by some estimates, more than three-quarters of people who become addicted to alcohol or drugs recover. But that success rarely occurs quickly or on a set timeline; relapse is not only common, but many therapists and clinicians view it as a normal part of the process—not always a sign that a person has returned to addiction, but a signal that their treatment should be adjusted to help them regain control. Overall, research suggests, five years after the end of substance use, one’s risk of relapse is no greater than that of others who had not faced addiction. Other experts believe that complete abstinence is not the only measure of recovery, and that, through effective treatment, many people can learn to control their use.
How can you get addiction treatment for someone?
The most important factor in recovery from addiction is widely understood to be an individual’s commitment to change. For that reason,“interventions” in which friends and family gather to urge or force someone to begin immediate treatment often backfire; even when such efforts do lead someone to begin treatment, they may be less likely to stay than those who are self-driven. Still, family members can play an important role in supporting an individual who seeks help and can take part in family therapy as one element of a loved one’s treatment.