Therapists in Boston, MA

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Photo of Estephany Diaz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Estephany Diaz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Estephany and I have been a licensed therapist for more than 10 yrs. I am a provider who focuses on YOU every step of the way to help you overcome the obstacles you may be going through in life. I make every effort to create a safe space for you to feel comfortable to share and open up about your past and current anxieties or emotional disturbances that may be affecting your day to day functioning.
Hello! My name is Estephany and I have been a licensed therapist for more than 10 yrs. I am a provider who focuses on YOU every step of the way to help you overcome the obstacles you may be going through in life. I make every effort to create a safe space for you to feel comfortable to share and open up about your past and current anxieties or emotional disturbances that may be affecting your day to day functioning.
(786) 627-6078 View (786) 627-6078
Photo of Amna Mustafic, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amna Mustafic
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
My ideal client is someone who is ready for therapy and is committed to their own growth and well-being. This person is open to expressing themselves in therapy. This person may be experiencing challenges such as anxiety and depression, low self-esteem, and trauma. The goals for therapy may be developing coping skills, healing past trauma, and increasing confidence. Needs may include empathy and validation and a need for a safe environment. I am also interested in working with people with a dual diagnosis. I can help people create treatment goals, combine different therapies, and provide community resources to support recovery.
My ideal client is someone who is ready for therapy and is committed to their own growth and well-being. This person is open to expressing themselves in therapy. This person may be experiencing challenges such as anxiety and depression, low self-esteem, and trauma. The goals for therapy may be developing coping skills, healing past trauma, and increasing confidence. Needs may include empathy and validation and a need for a safe environment. I am also interested in working with people with a dual diagnosis. I can help people create treatment goals, combine different therapies, and provide community resources to support recovery.
(617) 609-0181 View (617) 609-0181
Photo of Amie Nicole Piekarz, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amie Nicole Piekarz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02210  (Online Only)
You are not someone who asks for help easily, but you're feeling overwhelmed. Your relationships are suffering. You are just trying to keep your head above water. I get it - things like life changes and creating healthy boundaries are hard and you're struggling with it all. The good news is that you don't have to go it alone; I'm here to help! I love working with clients on issues related to healthy relationships, self-esteem, life transitions, managing anxiety, and reducing stress. Additionally, I am a certified domestic violence/sexual assault counselor. I provide therapy exclusively through video.
You are not someone who asks for help easily, but you're feeling overwhelmed. Your relationships are suffering. You are just trying to keep your head above water. I get it - things like life changes and creating healthy boundaries are hard and you're struggling with it all. The good news is that you don't have to go it alone; I'm here to help! I love working with clients on issues related to healthy relationships, self-esteem, life transitions, managing anxiety, and reducing stress. Additionally, I am a certified domestic violence/sexual assault counselor. I provide therapy exclusively through video.
(857) 855-5365 View (857) 855-5365
Photo of Barbara A. Hershey, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara A. Hershey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
At some point, we all experience difficulties and unpleasant emotions in life. I help clients to learn how to cope with family changes, life transitions, loss, school and work stressors and help develop meaningful relationships through exploring relationship patterns. To meet the individual needs of each client, I empower them to gain self-awareness of their thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Together we identify their personal strengths, practice mindfulness, and develop coping strategies that can be utilized daily.
At some point, we all experience difficulties and unpleasant emotions in life. I help clients to learn how to cope with family changes, life transitions, loss, school and work stressors and help develop meaningful relationships through exploring relationship patterns. To meet the individual needs of each client, I empower them to gain self-awareness of their thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Together we identify their personal strengths, practice mindfulness, and develop coping strategies that can be utilized daily.
(617) 996-7074 View (617) 996-7074
Photo of Gwen Child, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gwen Child
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Life can indeed feel like a relentless roller coaster with its ups and downs, stressors, and uncertainties. Whether it's the challenges of balancing work or school, making life-altering decisions, or navigating relationships, you might find yourself facing patterns or habits that no longer align with your growth.
Life can indeed feel like a relentless roller coaster with its ups and downs, stressors, and uncertainties. Whether it's the challenges of balancing work or school, making life-altering decisions, or navigating relationships, you might find yourself facing patterns or habits that no longer align with your growth.
(508) 690-8473 View (508) 690-8473
Photo of Melanie Robinson Findlay, LICSW, CCHP-MH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melanie Robinson Findlay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CCHP-MH
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02136
Not accepting new clients
Need to talk to someone unbiased who will challenge, support and not pacify you? If so, I am the clinician for you. My mantra is: "it doesn't matter where your journey begins; only where it ends and what you pass and pick up along the way." For the past fourteen years I have served the "working well" (i.e...individuals like you facing every day struggles) and individuals in the criminal justice system. Both populations faced difficulty with adjustment, depression, anxiety, loss, relationships, anger, substance use, parenting and major mental illness. However, the major difference between them are the resources available to cope.
Need to talk to someone unbiased who will challenge, support and not pacify you? If so, I am the clinician for you. My mantra is: "it doesn't matter where your journey begins; only where it ends and what you pass and pick up along the way." For the past fourteen years I have served the "working well" (i.e...individuals like you facing every day struggles) and individuals in the criminal justice system. Both populations faced difficulty with adjustment, depression, anxiety, loss, relationships, anger, substance use, parenting and major mental illness. However, the major difference between them are the resources available to cope.
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Photo of Scott Garvin, MA, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
Scott Garvin
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02132  (Online Only)
Do anxious or depressed feelings interfere with your plans for that new job, new living situation or getting and keeping healthy supportive relationships? Do you find yourself distracted and know there are things you just keep putting off? I work with adults who are motivated to make internal changes that lead to external results in their lives. My clients are no longer willing to remain stuck with old thought patterns and behaviors that limit them. Clients report that our work together is insightful, exciting and important.
Do anxious or depressed feelings interfere with your plans for that new job, new living situation or getting and keeping healthy supportive relationships? Do you find yourself distracted and know there are things you just keep putting off? I work with adults who are motivated to make internal changes that lead to external results in their lives. My clients are no longer willing to remain stuck with old thought patterns and behaviors that limit them. Clients report that our work together is insightful, exciting and important.
(617) 606-4292 View (617) 606-4292
Photo of Koralys Ozuna, LMHC, Counselor
Koralys Ozuna
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02199  (Online Only)
Life can be challenging and overwhelming at times but you do not have to navigate these challenges alone. Everyone deserves to have a warm, welcoming and safe place where they can feel heard, empowered and learn ways to live a life full of meaning, happiness, self-love, fulfillment, autonomy and dignity. Diagnoses, symptoms and difficulties, do not define who you are. I believe that everyone has the potential to thrive and shine in their purpose. Through a collaborative and empathic counseling process, clients learn to cope, become aware of their strengths, love who they are and heal. AGES21+
Life can be challenging and overwhelming at times but you do not have to navigate these challenges alone. Everyone deserves to have a warm, welcoming and safe place where they can feel heard, empowered and learn ways to live a life full of meaning, happiness, self-love, fulfillment, autonomy and dignity. Diagnoses, symptoms and difficulties, do not define who you are. I believe that everyone has the potential to thrive and shine in their purpose. Through a collaborative and empathic counseling process, clients learn to cope, become aware of their strengths, love who they are and heal. AGES21+
(617) 915-3802 View (617) 915-3802
Photo of Erica DuFresne, LMHC, Counselor
Erica DuFresne
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02114
My ideal client has either experienced a past trauma and/or is dealing with anxiety or depression. This client can be someone diagnosed with ASD, as I enjoy working with neurodiverse populations. This client should want guidance and support to develop emotional regulation skills, build positive relationships with others, or process their emotional experiences. I can help support those going through various life transitions, as well as help people develop self-awareness and understanding.
My ideal client has either experienced a past trauma and/or is dealing with anxiety or depression. This client can be someone diagnosed with ASD, as I enjoy working with neurodiverse populations. This client should want guidance and support to develop emotional regulation skills, build positive relationships with others, or process their emotional experiences. I can help support those going through various life transitions, as well as help people develop self-awareness and understanding.
(617) 544-2322 View (617) 544-2322
Photo of Katelyn Anderson, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katelyn Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02118  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients! My private practice focuses on supporting clients in managing their anxiety, stress, and burnout by prioritizing their mental health. I value authenticity and relatability in my therapeutic relationships. I delicately balance a practical, down-to-earth approach with empathy, collaboration, and sprinkled in humor.
Accepting New Clients! My private practice focuses on supporting clients in managing their anxiety, stress, and burnout by prioritizing their mental health. I value authenticity and relatability in my therapeutic relationships. I delicately balance a practical, down-to-earth approach with empathy, collaboration, and sprinkled in humor.
(508) 859-4293 View (508) 859-4293
Photo of Doug Maesk - Wicked Smart Counseling, LMHC, Counselor
Wicked Smart Counseling
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110  (Online Only)
Maybe you’re experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, compulsive behaviors, or something else entirely. Things friends and family aren’t equipped to help you deal with. I can help. I’m Doug Maesk, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, and I was born and raised in New England, and lived there for 30 years. So I get you. I understand your experience. I know what it's like. As the old saying goes, “you can take the boy out of New England but you can't take New England out of the boy.”
Maybe you’re experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse, compulsive behaviors, or something else entirely. Things friends and family aren’t equipped to help you deal with. I can help. I’m Doug Maesk, Licensed Mental Health Counselor, and I was born and raised in New England, and lived there for 30 years. So I get you. I understand your experience. I know what it's like. As the old saying goes, “you can take the boy out of New England but you can't take New England out of the boy.”
(617) 829-9928 View (617) 829-9928
Photo of Allen B Howell, MEd, LMHC, Counselor
Allen B Howell
Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02115  (Online Only)
I see my role as creating a safe space a where you can explore what it means to be you. Within the therapeutic alliance, built on trust and unconditional positive regard, I will listen to your joys, your fears, and your pain with empathy and compassion, and offer you the tools to thrive. My approach draws from person-centered, strength-based, and trauma-informed perspectives, utilizing a combination of orientations that includes cognitive behavioral, humanistic, psychoanalytic, transpersonal, somatic, and mindfulness-based. I personalize my approach to best suit each individual client.
I see my role as creating a safe space a where you can explore what it means to be you. Within the therapeutic alliance, built on trust and unconditional positive regard, I will listen to your joys, your fears, and your pain with empathy and compassion, and offer you the tools to thrive. My approach draws from person-centered, strength-based, and trauma-informed perspectives, utilizing a combination of orientations that includes cognitive behavioral, humanistic, psychoanalytic, transpersonal, somatic, and mindfulness-based. I personalize my approach to best suit each individual client.
(857) 575-4071 View (857) 575-4071
Photo of Stacy M Davison, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stacy M Davison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02205  (Online Only)
Embrace the discomfort, for it is a catalyst for growth. Are you feeling trapped between the pain of your past and worries of the futures making it hard to stay focused on the present moment? Do you find your inner dialogue is putting you down more often than building you up? Are you looking to develop healthier boundaries with yourself and those you love? If any of these statement sound like you, I want you to know there is hope.
Embrace the discomfort, for it is a catalyst for growth. Are you feeling trapped between the pain of your past and worries of the futures making it hard to stay focused on the present moment? Do you find your inner dialogue is putting you down more often than building you up? Are you looking to develop healthier boundaries with yourself and those you love? If any of these statement sound like you, I want you to know there is hope.
(843) 483-5657 View (843) 483-5657
Photo of Courtney B Scott - Reflections Therapy, Inc, LMHC, CAGS, Counselor
Reflections Therapy, Inc
Counselor, LMHC, CAGS
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, I facilitate your development of a healthy sense of self-actualization. Whether it is identifying recurring patterns of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions or simply figuring out current challenges, I emphasize compassion and unconditional positive regard. I recognize that there is no sole route toward exploring one’s own truth and cultivation of healing. I value your personal experiences as a means to gain greater self-confidence, stronger sense of authenticity, and trust in your own decisions. You are encouraged to come as you are and you’re invited to flourish!
As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, I facilitate your development of a healthy sense of self-actualization. Whether it is identifying recurring patterns of behaviors, thoughts, and emotions or simply figuring out current challenges, I emphasize compassion and unconditional positive regard. I recognize that there is no sole route toward exploring one’s own truth and cultivation of healing. I value your personal experiences as a means to gain greater self-confidence, stronger sense of authenticity, and trust in your own decisions. You are encouraged to come as you are and you’re invited to flourish!
(508) 452-2194 View (508) 452-2194
Photo of Angenette Burns Crume, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Angenette Burns Crume
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boston, MA 02108  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Are you looking to repair your self-worth, esteem, and confidence, that was damaged by life experiences whether it be from childhood trauma, a toxic work environment, racism, and a number of other horrible experiences? I help clients that have internalized those experiences believing that something is wrong with them. I'll help you change your negative and distorted view of self and regain your power. We will disrupt your thinking patterns that are impacting your ability to function and are causing distress such as depression, anxiety, and poor relationships. My ideal client is those ready to put in the healing work.
Are you looking to repair your self-worth, esteem, and confidence, that was damaged by life experiences whether it be from childhood trauma, a toxic work environment, racism, and a number of other horrible experiences? I help clients that have internalized those experiences believing that something is wrong with them. I'll help you change your negative and distorted view of self and regain your power. We will disrupt your thinking patterns that are impacting your ability to function and are causing distress such as depression, anxiety, and poor relationships. My ideal client is those ready to put in the healing work.
(508) 593-7779 View (508) 593-7779
Photo of Carolyn Glass, LCSW, LICSW, MBA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carolyn Glass
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, MBA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116
I work with adults who want to live happier and more connected lives. Clients see me to alleviate anxiety and depression, navigate relationships, and adjust to transitions. As a former executive with an MBA, I have a particular interest in supporting women through career or relationship transitions, and guiding the balance of personal responsibilities. I see therapy not as a lifelong commitment but a helpful tool to develop insight through a collaborative, empathic, and supportive process. Clients leave energized and able to articulate, clarify, and achieve their goals.
I work with adults who want to live happier and more connected lives. Clients see me to alleviate anxiety and depression, navigate relationships, and adjust to transitions. As a former executive with an MBA, I have a particular interest in supporting women through career or relationship transitions, and guiding the balance of personal responsibilities. I see therapy not as a lifelong commitment but a helpful tool to develop insight through a collaborative, empathic, and supportive process. Clients leave energized and able to articulate, clarify, and achieve their goals.
(917) 809-5647 View (917) 809-5647
Photo of Lindsay Wagner, PsyD, Psychologist
Lindsay Wagner
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
When faced with life’s unavoidable stressors, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. The struggles of day to day life can often leave individuals feeling frustrated, hopeless, and powerless to work towards change. I enjoy helping clients feel understood and overcome fears that have been preventing them from living life to its fullest. Sometimes simply knowing that the worst case scenario won’t destroy us makes a daunting goal seem more attainable.
When faced with life’s unavoidable stressors, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. The struggles of day to day life can often leave individuals feeling frustrated, hopeless, and powerless to work towards change. I enjoy helping clients feel understood and overcome fears that have been preventing them from living life to its fullest. Sometimes simply knowing that the worst case scenario won’t destroy us makes a daunting goal seem more attainable.
(617) 996-8367 View (617) 996-8367
Photo of Dr. Joann Toporowski- Specialist In Depression And Anxiety, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Dr. Joann Toporowski- Specialist In Depression And Anxiety
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02116  (Online Only)
Accepting NEW patients w/ PPO plans NOW! Looking from the outside, things look good. You're successful, driven, and high-achieving. But, you're tired of dealing with anxiety and depression. You're feeling burned out, or it's hard to do your job and make important decisions under the stress you constantly feel. You feel overwhelmed, exhausted, and stuck. You want to stop repeating the same patterns that aren't working anymore. But, you don't know what to change, how to change it, how to stop it, or don't have the time to add more to your to-do list. And on top of all that, you're surrounded by people, but still feel alone or lonely.
Accepting NEW patients w/ PPO plans NOW! Looking from the outside, things look good. You're successful, driven, and high-achieving. But, you're tired of dealing with anxiety and depression. You're feeling burned out, or it's hard to do your job and make important decisions under the stress you constantly feel. You feel overwhelmed, exhausted, and stuck. You want to stop repeating the same patterns that aren't working anymore. But, you don't know what to change, how to change it, how to stop it, or don't have the time to add more to your to-do list. And on top of all that, you're surrounded by people, but still feel alone or lonely.
(805) 259-3427 View (805) 259-3427
Photo of Dr. Nicole Franusiak, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Nicole Franusiak
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02109  (Online Only)
Are you finding yourself stuck in patterns of behavior and unhelpful thoughts that you’re unsure how to change? Perhaps you are unsure of who to turn to or where you can go to feel seen and heard. In this challenging world, we can often find ourselves stuck and in need of some assistance. I am a licensed psychologist who works with young adults experiencing a wide range of these challenges, including anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, and life transitions.
Are you finding yourself stuck in patterns of behavior and unhelpful thoughts that you’re unsure how to change? Perhaps you are unsure of who to turn to or where you can go to feel seen and heard. In this challenging world, we can often find ourselves stuck and in need of some assistance. I am a licensed psychologist who works with young adults experiencing a wide range of these challenges, including anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, and life transitions.
(857) 847-4165 View (857) 847-4165
Photo of Penny Tavar, LICSW's, LCSW's, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Penny Tavar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW's, LCSW's
Verified Verified
Boston, MA 02110
As Clinical Director of Meridian Psychotherapy Associates, I am part of a talented and compassionate team of Clinical Psychotherapists that work extensively with individuals, and couples. Our treatment focus includes, but is not limited to, the treatment of Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma. Meridian Psychotherapy Associates strives to provide a compassionate and safe space to talk and heal.
As Clinical Director of Meridian Psychotherapy Associates, I am part of a talented and compassionate team of Clinical Psychotherapists that work extensively with individuals, and couples. Our treatment focus includes, but is not limited to, the treatment of Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma. Meridian Psychotherapy Associates strives to provide a compassionate and safe space to talk and heal.
(617) 872-3612 View (617) 872-3612

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Boston, MA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$156

Therapists in Boston, MA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
69% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% BlueCross and BlueShield
62% Aetna
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Boston, MA see their clients

60% Online Only
40% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Boston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.