Therapists in Illinois

View cities and counties in Illinois
Photo of Kari Sikich - Kari Sikich, LCPC, PLLC, MA, LCPC
Kari Sikich, LCPC, PLLC
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Park Ridge, IL 60068  (Online Only)
As an LCPC, Mediator, and Clinical Supervisor with over 15 years of experience, I focus on the strengths and resiliencies clients already possess and offer strategies and interventions to help overcome barriers. Some areas I specialize in are anxiety, depression, trauma, major life events, divorce, and familial conflict. I have worked across different levels of care and understand the importance of a trusting, therapeutic relationship.
As an LCPC, Mediator, and Clinical Supervisor with over 15 years of experience, I focus on the strengths and resiliencies clients already possess and offer strategies and interventions to help overcome barriers. Some areas I specialize in are anxiety, depression, trauma, major life events, divorce, and familial conflict. I have worked across different levels of care and understand the importance of a trusting, therapeutic relationship.
(773) 362-4174 View (773) 362-4174
Photo of Kristen Tolbert - Associates in Corporate Psychology, PhD
Associates in Corporate Psychology
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60604  (Online Only)
We deliver high-quality executive mental health and leadership development programs that drive business success. Unlock peak performance, elevate workplace mental health, and drive business growth. Led by a team of highly skilled corporate psychotherapists, executive performance coaches, and organizational psychologists, we support group and team relations, leadership, communication, high performance, and thriving for healthy, high-performing leaders and teams that drive business success.
We deliver high-quality executive mental health and leadership development programs that drive business success. Unlock peak performance, elevate workplace mental health, and drive business growth. Led by a team of highly skilled corporate psychotherapists, executive performance coaches, and organizational psychologists, we support group and team relations, leadership, communication, high performance, and thriving for healthy, high-performing leaders and teams that drive business success.
(877) 759-0919 View (877) 759-0919
Photo of Greg Mahoney, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Greg Mahoney
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Bloomingdale, IL 60108
Hello, my name is Greg Mahoney. I have been a Professional Counselor for over 30 years. I have a M.A. in Counseling Psychology from the Adler School of Professional Psychology. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor licensed by the State of Illinois. I have worked in numerous settings: Inpatient, Outpatient, a Substance Abuse Clinic, and in Churches. I have wide-ranging experience both professionally and personally. I have been married to my wife for 32 years and we have raised three daughters. I feel it is the calling of my life to help others and it has been the Joy of my life to do so. Let me help you today.
Hello, my name is Greg Mahoney. I have been a Professional Counselor for over 30 years. I have a M.A. in Counseling Psychology from the Adler School of Professional Psychology. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor licensed by the State of Illinois. I have worked in numerous settings: Inpatient, Outpatient, a Substance Abuse Clinic, and in Churches. I have wide-ranging experience both professionally and personally. I have been married to my wife for 32 years and we have raised three daughters. I feel it is the calling of my life to help others and it has been the Joy of my life to do so. Let me help you today.
(847) 474-9379 View (847) 474-9379
Photo of Jennifer Ashley Baker, MA, LCPC, TCYM-YT, NCC, Counselor
Jennifer Ashley Baker
Counselor, MA, LCPC, TCYM-YT, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Crete, IL 60417
The decision to begin a therapeutic journey can be daunting yet richly rewarding. I strive to create a safe, collaborative, and supportive space to gain a deeper understanding of yourself, your experiences and personal dynamics to promote a more balanced and fulfilling life. I support my clients in their goals by utilizing a mindful, relational and reflective approach. I integrate neuroscience and somatic based practices with equine facilitated and eco-therapy (ie.. horses and nature). I am committed to a therapeutic process that fosters self-compassion, creativity, and resiliency, while valuing diversity and authenticity.
The decision to begin a therapeutic journey can be daunting yet richly rewarding. I strive to create a safe, collaborative, and supportive space to gain a deeper understanding of yourself, your experiences and personal dynamics to promote a more balanced and fulfilling life. I support my clients in their goals by utilizing a mindful, relational and reflective approach. I integrate neuroscience and somatic based practices with equine facilitated and eco-therapy (ie.. horses and nature). I am committed to a therapeutic process that fosters self-compassion, creativity, and resiliency, while valuing diversity and authenticity.
(312) 857-8473 View (312) 857-8473
Photo of Sushma Cheturvedula, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sushma Cheturvedula
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60629  (Online Only)
In moments we feel inadequate, uncertain, or even confused, we often look for a helping hand. As a therapist, I perfectly understand that we all need a little extra support at some point in our lives. Together, we will work out solutions that could help you grow as an individual. Working with me can help improve your emotional well-being, make peace with your past, and live the life you’ve always wanted. Our minds can get overwhelmed sometimes, but I will help you unravel what’s causing you stress. Whether it is anxiety, grief, abuse, or even a tough breakup – there will be no judgment from me. Help is just a phone call away.
In moments we feel inadequate, uncertain, or even confused, we often look for a helping hand. As a therapist, I perfectly understand that we all need a little extra support at some point in our lives. Together, we will work out solutions that could help you grow as an individual. Working with me can help improve your emotional well-being, make peace with your past, and live the life you’ve always wanted. Our minds can get overwhelmed sometimes, but I will help you unravel what’s causing you stress. Whether it is anxiety, grief, abuse, or even a tough breakup – there will be no judgment from me. Help is just a phone call away.
(773) 985-2443 View (773) 985-2443
Photo of Teri L Murphy, MS, LCPC, Counselor
Teri L Murphy
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Hinsdale, IL 60521
Are you feeling down, depressed, anxious or confused? Are every day challenges starting to overwhelm you? Would you like greater satisfaction and meaning in relationships, work and in your life? Longing for greater self esteem? Are you in the midst of a tough life transition? My clients find answers, solutions, life change and positive results in our work together. They experience a deep sense of being cared for, understood and respected....Thank you for visiting my profile on Psychology Today. You may also want to visit me on FB at Facebook.com/TeriMurphyTherapy.
Are you feeling down, depressed, anxious or confused? Are every day challenges starting to overwhelm you? Would you like greater satisfaction and meaning in relationships, work and in your life? Longing for greater self esteem? Are you in the midst of a tough life transition? My clients find answers, solutions, life change and positive results in our work together. They experience a deep sense of being cared for, understood and respected....Thank you for visiting my profile on Psychology Today. You may also want to visit me on FB at Facebook.com/TeriMurphyTherapy.
(630) 812-7380 View (630) 812-7380
Photo of Vanessa Corley, MS CMHC
Vanessa Corley
MS CMHC
Verified Verified
Plainfield, IL 60544
Vanessa Corley is a U.S. Air Force veteran who earned her undergraduate degree in psychology at the University of Texas at El Paso in 2016. Vanessa completed her internship with Taking Control and is a recent graduate from Walden University with an MS in Clinical Mental Health and Counseling specializing in military families and culture.
Vanessa Corley is a U.S. Air Force veteran who earned her undergraduate degree in psychology at the University of Texas at El Paso in 2016. Vanessa completed her internship with Taking Control and is a recent graduate from Walden University with an MS in Clinical Mental Health and Counseling specializing in military families and culture.
(815) 826-6593 View (815) 826-6593
Photo of Miranda Mulcrone, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Miranda Mulcrone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625
What would it feel like to give yourself the space to sit with and explore emotions, memories, and thoughts instead of avoiding or changing them? While acknowledging that I cannot determine whether a space is safe or not, I strive to offer a space of non-judgement, validation, compassion and growth where you can get to know yourself more, build insight and acknowledgement of your strengths, and talk about whatever you need to for fifty minutes.
What would it feel like to give yourself the space to sit with and explore emotions, memories, and thoughts instead of avoiding or changing them? While acknowledging that I cannot determine whether a space is safe or not, I strive to offer a space of non-judgement, validation, compassion and growth where you can get to know yourself more, build insight and acknowledgement of your strengths, and talk about whatever you need to for fifty minutes.
(872) 246-9789 View (872) 246-9789
Photo of Alisa J Courtney, MA, LCPC, Counselor
Alisa J Courtney
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Lake Forest, IL 60045
I work with individuals,adults and couples. I see each person as a unique individual with strengths and challenges. It is my goal to create a feeling of safety and compassion. It can take courage to enter into therapy and I work with each person in a way that respects their pace, accesses their inner resources, and supports and guides them as new insights and behaviors are evolving. I also use Hypnotherapy and am certified through the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. Hypnosis can enhance change, help with anxiety, depression, pain, and increase relaxation as well as other issues.
I work with individuals,adults and couples. I see each person as a unique individual with strengths and challenges. It is my goal to create a feeling of safety and compassion. It can take courage to enter into therapy and I work with each person in a way that respects their pace, accesses their inner resources, and supports and guides them as new insights and behaviors are evolving. I also use Hypnotherapy and am certified through the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. Hypnosis can enhance change, help with anxiety, depression, pain, and increase relaxation as well as other issues.
(847) 512-8987 View (847) 512-8987
Photo of Melissa Di Natale, MS, LPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Melissa Di Natale
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Melissa earned her Master’s of Science degree in Clinical Psychology at Benedictine University and her Bachelor’s of Arts degree in English Education from Eastern Illinois University. She has experience teaching middle school and high school students in public school and behavioral health hospital settings. Through teaching, Melissa found that her heart lies with helping individuals through social-emotional challenges, which led to her change in career path. Melissa’s clinical experience has been in private practice where she worked with clients of all ages.
Melissa earned her Master’s of Science degree in Clinical Psychology at Benedictine University and her Bachelor’s of Arts degree in English Education from Eastern Illinois University. She has experience teaching middle school and high school students in public school and behavioral health hospital settings. Through teaching, Melissa found that her heart lies with helping individuals through social-emotional challenges, which led to her change in career path. Melissa’s clinical experience has been in private practice where she worked with clients of all ages.
(630) 797-9332 x700 View (630) 797-9332 x700
Photo of Jennifer Valice - Bending Birch Counseling, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bending Birch Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Barrington, IL 60010
I provide counseling to individuals, families, and couples who may be experiencing Anxiety, Depression, Grief/Loss, Relationship or Parenting concerns and/or Life Transitions. As a Therapist, I take a client-centered approach; meeting the client where they are at. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to identify potentially destructive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Clients can then explore and develop healthier coping strategies which will lead to a better quality of life. There is HOPE!
I provide counseling to individuals, families, and couples who may be experiencing Anxiety, Depression, Grief/Loss, Relationship or Parenting concerns and/or Life Transitions. As a Therapist, I take a client-centered approach; meeting the client where they are at. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to identify potentially destructive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Clients can then explore and develop healthier coping strategies which will lead to a better quality of life. There is HOPE!
(224) 774-0013 View (224) 774-0013
Photo of Lytashia Davis, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Lytashia Davis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60605
My ideal client (s) are individuals, couples and families. I enjoy working with adults and families who want to improve their process for self care and learn healthy coping skills. I also enjoy working with couples who want to learn how to communicate effectively, identify and resolve issues, and develop a sense of purpose to keep going.
My ideal client (s) are individuals, couples and families. I enjoy working with adults and families who want to improve their process for self care and learn healthy coping skills. I also enjoy working with couples who want to learn how to communicate effectively, identify and resolve issues, and develop a sense of purpose to keep going.
(872) 266-3887 View (872) 266-3887
Photo of Marcela Ramirez, Pre-Licensed Professional
Marcela Ramirez
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
Hola. As a bilingual relational therapist, my work revolves around supporting individuals in romantic relationships, diverse families, and people at all stages of life. The journey of managing, maintaining, and understanding our mental health in relation to others can indeed be challenging, overwhelming, and even daunting.
Hola. As a bilingual relational therapist, my work revolves around supporting individuals in romantic relationships, diverse families, and people at all stages of life. The journey of managing, maintaining, and understanding our mental health in relation to others can indeed be challenging, overwhelming, and even daunting.
(773) 850-3603 View (773) 850-3603
Photo of Taylor Karey, LSW
Taylor Karey
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Hi, and thank you for visiting my profile! I’m a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for helping individuals through life’s transitions and challenges. Whether you’re dealing with stress, navigating a career change, or experiencing relationship difficulties, anxiety, or depression, I’m here to offer support. I have experience working with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, self-esteem concerns, trauma, family challenges, and grief. I believe that everyone’s journey is unique, and I’m here to walk alongside you as you work through whatever life brings your way. I look forward to connecting with you and helping you.
Hi, and thank you for visiting my profile! I’m a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for helping individuals through life’s transitions and challenges. Whether you’re dealing with stress, navigating a career change, or experiencing relationship difficulties, anxiety, or depression, I’m here to offer support. I have experience working with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, self-esteem concerns, trauma, family challenges, and grief. I believe that everyone’s journey is unique, and I’m here to walk alongside you as you work through whatever life brings your way. I look forward to connecting with you and helping you.
(224) 836-4345 View (224) 836-4345
Photo of Sara Whalen, LCSW, RYT200, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sara Whalen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT200
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Urbana, IL 61801
I specialize in helping individuals soothe pain, anxiety, and stress as a residual from chronic illness or injury. Those diagnosed with chronic illness / chronic pain often have anxiety and depression surrounding their illness. This can contribute to sleepless nights, shameful feelings, self-blame, fear of social situations, isolation, and anger. Within our partnership we will create a new awareness and understanding of the impact your illness has had on your quality of life and how this has created your current internal narrative.
I specialize in helping individuals soothe pain, anxiety, and stress as a residual from chronic illness or injury. Those diagnosed with chronic illness / chronic pain often have anxiety and depression surrounding their illness. This can contribute to sleepless nights, shameful feelings, self-blame, fear of social situations, isolation, and anger. Within our partnership we will create a new awareness and understanding of the impact your illness has had on your quality of life and how this has created your current internal narrative.
(217) 269-1862 View (217) 269-1862
Photo of Kyle Fiore, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kyle Fiore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Oswego, IL 60543
Kyle Fiore is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2022. Kyle takes a no-nonsense approach to helping his clients. He is empathetic and soothing. Kyle tries to bring humor and his genuine self into sessions. His clinical interests include helping others struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, emerging adulthood, and gaming culture. Kyle is confident that, together, he can help you heal and help you move forward in life differently. His therapeutic style is firmly rooted in a client-centered approach.
Kyle Fiore is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2022. Kyle takes a no-nonsense approach to helping his clients. He is empathetic and soothing. Kyle tries to bring humor and his genuine self into sessions. His clinical interests include helping others struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, emerging adulthood, and gaming culture. Kyle is confident that, together, he can help you heal and help you move forward in life differently. His therapeutic style is firmly rooted in a client-centered approach.
(331) 235-9007 View (331) 235-9007
Photo of Michael Anderson, LCPS, Counselor
Michael Anderson
Counselor, LCPS
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
Mikey's therapy lens is informed by their intersectional LGBTQIA+ affirming art therapy practice—incorporating a variety of art modalities for clients to explore. Their art therapy practice has spanned multiple age groups, from children, adolescents, and young adults to elders across Chicago. Mikey truly values working with a diverse array of clients on a wide range of issues clients may be facing.
Mikey's therapy lens is informed by their intersectional LGBTQIA+ affirming art therapy practice—incorporating a variety of art modalities for clients to explore. Their art therapy practice has spanned multiple age groups, from children, adolescents, and young adults to elders across Chicago. Mikey truly values working with a diverse array of clients on a wide range of issues clients may be facing.
(773) 900-8174 View (773) 900-8174
Photo of Amber Hightower, LCPC
Amber Hightower
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
My passion lies in supporting individuals on their emotional health journey and creating a safe space for healing and self-discovery. I believe in a holistic approach to therapy, addressing all aspects of a person's being - the good, the bad, the ups, the downs. By focusing on the mental, physical, and spiritual aspects of an individual, I aim to help clients embrace all parts of themselves as they heal and grow. My goal is to empower individuals to confidently present their true selves to the world and live their desired lives.
My passion lies in supporting individuals on their emotional health journey and creating a safe space for healing and self-discovery. I believe in a holistic approach to therapy, addressing all aspects of a person's being - the good, the bad, the ups, the downs. By focusing on the mental, physical, and spiritual aspects of an individual, I aim to help clients embrace all parts of themselves as they heal and grow. My goal is to empower individuals to confidently present their true selves to the world and live their desired lives.
(224) 298-8350 View (224) 298-8350
Photo of Bridget Dietz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bridget Dietz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
Accepting new clients! Working from an anti-racist, anti-oppressive, and LGBTQIA+ affirming lens, I want to ensure a safe space where all of my clients feel seen, heard, safe, and respected. As humans, we all want connection, although sometimes these connections cause intense emotions and great amounts of pain. I recognize the stress of single parenting, the communication issues in romantic relationships and/or families, and the struggles of dating in a world of right and left swiping.
Accepting new clients! Working from an anti-racist, anti-oppressive, and LGBTQIA+ affirming lens, I want to ensure a safe space where all of my clients feel seen, heard, safe, and respected. As humans, we all want connection, although sometimes these connections cause intense emotions and great amounts of pain. I recognize the stress of single parenting, the communication issues in romantic relationships and/or families, and the struggles of dating in a world of right and left swiping.
(773) 729-1681 View (773) 729-1681
Photo of Sam Lunde, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sam Lunde
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Carbondale, IL 62901  (Online Only)
In some way, life hasn't turned out exactly as you planned but you're not ready to give up. I've often found that, no matter the diagnosis, the folks I work with feel disconnected, dissatisfied, and struggle to create a meaningful life. You might worry so much about the future that you lie awake at night or miss out on special moments. You're overwhelmed and end up scrolling, numb with food or substances, or can't finish a book. You're keeping up on basic responsibilities but what you're doing isn't working long-term. Life has lost it's vibrancy. You may doubt that you can change and yet, here you are, taking that first step.
In some way, life hasn't turned out exactly as you planned but you're not ready to give up. I've often found that, no matter the diagnosis, the folks I work with feel disconnected, dissatisfied, and struggle to create a meaningful life. You might worry so much about the future that you lie awake at night or miss out on special moments. You're overwhelmed and end up scrolling, numb with food or substances, or can't finish a book. You're keeping up on basic responsibilities but what you're doing isn't working long-term. Life has lost it's vibrancy. You may doubt that you can change and yet, here you are, taking that first step.
(217) 773-5052 View (217) 773-5052
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How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Illinois who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% Aetna
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Illinois see their clients

74% In Person and Online
26% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
18% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Illinois?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.