Therapists in Cardiff By The Sea, CA

Photo of Sydney Walla, MA, APCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sydney Walla
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
As an Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, I am dedicated to guiding individuals through life’s complexities with empathy and understanding. I have experience working with children, teens, and adults who face challenges such as anxiety, depression, and relationship difficulties. However, my deepest passion is working with young adults, a time when identity formation and major life transitions—like starting a career, forming new relationships, or moving away from home—are at the forefront. I am committed to creating a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can explore your true self and navigate these pivotal changes.
As an Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, I am dedicated to guiding individuals through life’s complexities with empathy and understanding. I have experience working with children, teens, and adults who face challenges such as anxiety, depression, and relationship difficulties. However, my deepest passion is working with young adults, a time when identity formation and major life transitions—like starting a career, forming new relationships, or moving away from home—are at the forefront. I am committed to creating a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can explore your true self and navigate these pivotal changes.
(760) 276-5071 View (760) 276-5071
Photo of Hannah Nyznyk Christian, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hannah Nyznyk Christian
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
I’m so glad you’re here. Seeking help takes courage, and I want you to know that you’re in a safe, welcoming space where you can just be yourself. My approach is warm and down-to-earth, and I’m all about making sure you feel comfortable and supported from day one.
I’m so glad you’re here. Seeking help takes courage, and I want you to know that you’re in a safe, welcoming space where you can just be yourself. My approach is warm and down-to-earth, and I’m all about making sure you feel comfortable and supported from day one.
(760) 389-9375 View (760) 389-9375
Photo of James Hanson, BA , MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
James Hanson
Marriage & Family Therapist, BA , MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
James is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. James started his counseling career working with co-occurring mental health and addiction related issues. James has over five years of experience providing therapy services to adults, couples, and families to help them improve relationships, attain career satisfaction, enhance functioning, and promote connection and growth.
James is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. James started his counseling career working with co-occurring mental health and addiction related issues. James has over five years of experience providing therapy services to adults, couples, and families to help them improve relationships, attain career satisfaction, enhance functioning, and promote connection and growth.
(760) 227-5434 View (760) 227-5434
Photo of Michael Gallagher, MS, LPCC
Michael Gallagher
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007  (Online Only)
In the movie of your life, do you play the hero and the villain? Examples would be self-sabotage, counting yourself out, getting angrier than you need to, or adding stress to deal with stress. If being self-aware of these patterns hasn’t been enough to help you make positive changes, the support of a therapist might. Even if I don’t personally get the opportunity to work with you, I want you to know it takes courage to look within to stop being your own worst enemy. If we do work together I’m committed to helping you channel that courage to face what’s getting in the way of the role you want to play in your life.
In the movie of your life, do you play the hero and the villain? Examples would be self-sabotage, counting yourself out, getting angrier than you need to, or adding stress to deal with stress. If being self-aware of these patterns hasn’t been enough to help you make positive changes, the support of a therapist might. Even if I don’t personally get the opportunity to work with you, I want you to know it takes courage to look within to stop being your own worst enemy. If we do work together I’m committed to helping you channel that courage to face what’s getting in the way of the role you want to play in your life.
(760) 606-5787 View (760) 606-5787
Photo of Faith Vargas, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Faith Vargas
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007  (Online Only)
I’m Faith, and I would be honored to support you as you navigate the various challenges in your life. My primary goal as your therapist is to provide guidance and support tailored to your unique needs. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, relational issues, or chronic illness, I am here to assist you. Additionally, for those who wish to integrate their faith into the therapeutic process, I offer a faith-based perspective.
I’m Faith, and I would be honored to support you as you navigate the various challenges in your life. My primary goal as your therapist is to provide guidance and support tailored to your unique needs. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, relational issues, or chronic illness, I am here to assist you. Additionally, for those who wish to integrate their faith into the therapeutic process, I offer a faith-based perspective.
(760) 840-2607 View (760) 840-2607
Photo of Cathy Sharer - Therapy for Teen Girls and Women Cathy Sharer LMFT, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Therapy for Teen Girls and Women Cathy Sharer LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
Accepting new clients and offer complimentary initial 15 minute consultation. Are you ready? I'm here to help you find your strengths to face those challenges whether it is daily stress, relationships or life transitions. Often times having an outside view can be very beneficial to getting back on track. You're in the right place! I'm here to help and I want to see you heal and thrive! You're ONE Step closer to feeling like yourself again. Some of the areas I can help you or teen work through include: Anxiety, Depression, Peer Pressures, Grief/loss, Relationship or family issues, Self-esteem, and Purpose/career struggles.
Accepting new clients and offer complimentary initial 15 minute consultation. Are you ready? I'm here to help you find your strengths to face those challenges whether it is daily stress, relationships or life transitions. Often times having an outside view can be very beneficial to getting back on track. You're in the right place! I'm here to help and I want to see you heal and thrive! You're ONE Step closer to feeling like yourself again. Some of the areas I can help you or teen work through include: Anxiety, Depression, Peer Pressures, Grief/loss, Relationship or family issues, Self-esteem, and Purpose/career struggles.
(760) 254-0262 View (760) 254-0262
Photo of Bonnie Rumble - Cardiff Counseling Center, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cardiff Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
You deserve a happy, healthy life. Life and relationships can be increasingly painful, yet it is difficult to reach out for help. The longer we put off getting help, the worse things can become. I am here to support your growth and help you make needed changes. It is possible to learn to stop life patterns that keep us in a cycle of unhappiness. I confront in a gentle way so that you can begin to learn how to change those patterns.
You deserve a happy, healthy life. Life and relationships can be increasingly painful, yet it is difficult to reach out for help. The longer we put off getting help, the worse things can become. I am here to support your growth and help you make needed changes. It is possible to learn to stop life patterns that keep us in a cycle of unhappiness. I confront in a gentle way so that you can begin to learn how to change those patterns.
(760) 933-9881 View (760) 933-9881
Photo of Dr. Dianne Sterling, MS, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Dianne Sterling
Psychologist, MS, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
Not accepting new clients
I am a mindfulness oriented integrative clinical psychologist and with extensive experience in a wide range of therapeutic methods to help you overcome obstacles, end unhealthy patterns and achieve well being. For over 30 years I have been adding, blending and refining many treatment modalities, including mindfulness psychotherapy, MCBT and psychodynamic therapy to ensure the best fit for each person while encouraging self-compassion. My style is active, intensive and collaborative. If you have a willingness for self-examination as well as the motivation to try new ways of thinking and acting, then I can facilitate that journey.
I am a mindfulness oriented integrative clinical psychologist and with extensive experience in a wide range of therapeutic methods to help you overcome obstacles, end unhealthy patterns and achieve well being. For over 30 years I have been adding, blending and refining many treatment modalities, including mindfulness psychotherapy, MCBT and psychodynamic therapy to ensure the best fit for each person while encouraging self-compassion. My style is active, intensive and collaborative. If you have a willingness for self-examination as well as the motivation to try new ways of thinking and acting, then I can facilitate that journey.
(760) 530-4743 View (760) 530-4743
Photo of Regina Huelsenbeck 'dr. Regina', PhD, Psychologist
Regina Huelsenbeck 'dr. Regina'
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
Are you feeling lost or overwhelmed? Perhaps you are facing relationship issues, a divorce, a health crisis or a growing addiction. Whatever has guided you here is part of your path and not an accident. I am deeply grateful you are here. I can help you move through this difficult time with growth, grace and dignity. All you need to do is open your mind and heart and continue walking. My specialty is awakening through times of crises and transformation. There are no accidents; you are exactly where you are supposed to be in this moment. You Can Do This.
Are you feeling lost or overwhelmed? Perhaps you are facing relationship issues, a divorce, a health crisis or a growing addiction. Whatever has guided you here is part of your path and not an accident. I am deeply grateful you are here. I can help you move through this difficult time with growth, grace and dignity. All you need to do is open your mind and heart and continue walking. My specialty is awakening through times of crises and transformation. There are no accidents; you are exactly where you are supposed to be in this moment. You Can Do This.
(858) 376-7940 View (858) 376-7940
Photo of Julieann Myers - Center For Healthy Change, LCSW, MAC, CSAT, EMDR, EMDRIA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Center For Healthy Change
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MAC, CSAT, EMDR, EMDRIA
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
I am a psychotherapist trained in Clinical Social Work with more than 32 years of experience. Along with myself, my team of therapists has worked in every level of mental and community health care which gives us a breadth of understanding of the broad range of the human condition. We believe in Change and know that it is possible for those who want it. We work exclusively with a limited amount of clients at any given time and our practice caters to the most discerning of clients. If you are committed to working on Healthy Change and want a truly customized experience with highly skilled and authentic therapists contact us.
I am a psychotherapist trained in Clinical Social Work with more than 32 years of experience. Along with myself, my team of therapists has worked in every level of mental and community health care which gives us a breadth of understanding of the broad range of the human condition. We believe in Change and know that it is possible for those who want it. We work exclusively with a limited amount of clients at any given time and our practice caters to the most discerning of clients. If you are committed to working on Healthy Change and want a truly customized experience with highly skilled and authentic therapists contact us.
(858) 758-2933 View (858) 758-2933
Photo of Susan K Ward, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Susan K Ward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
My goal is to help people put their life back on track! Eating, weight and body image issues can derail a person's focus and purpose. Healing from the inside out and the outside in releases a person from the tyranny of perfection. Learning to put food and feelings into proper perspective is a realistic and achievable goal.
My goal is to help people put their life back on track! Eating, weight and body image issues can derail a person's focus and purpose. Healing from the inside out and the outside in releases a person from the tyranny of perfection. Learning to put food and feelings into proper perspective is a realistic and achievable goal.
(858) 943-4727 View (858) 943-4727
Photo of Daniel McGrath, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Daniel McGrath
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
Feeling overwhelmed with managing in this fast paced world? Life is complex and it's often hard to handle the situations we face each day. Whether figuring out what to do about challenging children, issues in a close relationship, or which way to go as you move forward in life, uncertainties can stop anyone in their tracks. Few things are worse than feeling stuck and struggling when it seems like everyone else has it all figured out. It doesn't have to be that way. Things change, children mature, and if we're watching we find opportunities to heal, learn, and grow.
Feeling overwhelmed with managing in this fast paced world? Life is complex and it's often hard to handle the situations we face each day. Whether figuring out what to do about challenging children, issues in a close relationship, or which way to go as you move forward in life, uncertainties can stop anyone in their tracks. Few things are worse than feeling stuck and struggling when it seems like everyone else has it all figured out. It doesn't have to be that way. Things change, children mature, and if we're watching we find opportunities to heal, learn, and grow.
(858) 367-3936 View (858) 367-3936
Photo of Laurie Ann Sanford, PsyD, Psychologist
Laurie Ann Sanford
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Aloha my name is Laurie Sanford. I have worked as a clinician for over 30 years, 15 of which has been as a clinical psychologist.I have been priviledged to teach in a doctoral clinical psychology program as well as to provide in-training psychotherapy to psychiatry residents at Tripler Army Medical Center. I specialize in individual and couples' therapy. My work is informed by training at the Stone Center at Wellesley College and at Harvard Medical School, where I was supervised by Trauma expert, Dr. Judith Herman. I have practices in San Diego California and Honolulu Hawaii.
Aloha my name is Laurie Sanford. I have worked as a clinician for over 30 years, 15 of which has been as a clinical psychologist.I have been priviledged to teach in a doctoral clinical psychology program as well as to provide in-training psychotherapy to psychiatry residents at Tripler Army Medical Center. I specialize in individual and couples' therapy. My work is informed by training at the Stone Center at Wellesley College and at Harvard Medical School, where I was supervised by Trauma expert, Dr. Judith Herman. I have practices in San Diego California and Honolulu Hawaii.
(808) 561-4752 View (808) 561-4752
Photo of Robyn Park - Transformative Marriage and Family Therapy, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Transformative Marriage and Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
For 25 years I have been doing a specific therapy that is structured with a beginning, middle, and end. It is healing from emotional immaturity due to childhood trauma. It is deep rooted therapy with actual tools and healing of wounds that stop us from living to full potential . Many have referred to it as the most transformative therapy that leads to generations of healing. Ideal client is high functioning with a need to recover from love addiction or love avoidance. I was trained by Pia Melody for the last 10 years. I am passionate about this therapy because of what it does for people. This is a therapy that has a structure.
For 25 years I have been doing a specific therapy that is structured with a beginning, middle, and end. It is healing from emotional immaturity due to childhood trauma. It is deep rooted therapy with actual tools and healing of wounds that stop us from living to full potential . Many have referred to it as the most transformative therapy that leads to generations of healing. Ideal client is high functioning with a need to recover from love addiction or love avoidance. I was trained by Pia Melody for the last 10 years. I am passionate about this therapy because of what it does for people. This is a therapy that has a structure.
(760) 263-6981 View (760) 263-6981
Photo of Hayley Silverman, PsyD, Psychologist
Hayley Silverman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
The most useful tool in psychotherapy is a thoughtful, interactive dialogue. My goal is to engage clients using their unique strengths and experience, in order to help them create a life that is meaningul to them.
The most useful tool in psychotherapy is a thoughtful, interactive dialogue. My goal is to engage clients using their unique strengths and experience, in order to help them create a life that is meaningul to them.
(619) 618-2732 View (619) 618-2732
Photo of David Sobel, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Sobel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
I have over 30 years of experience working with private practice clients, in-patient medical and psychiatric patients, and Employee Assistance Counseling (EAP). I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety-related issues, parenting problems, career challenges, adjustment to illness, and end of life issues. I have also helped many people who have experienced physical, sexual, or emotional trauma as adults or children. My counseling style is relaxed, accepting, client-focused and non-judgmental. I focus on the client's existing strengths and coping skills.
I have over 30 years of experience working with private practice clients, in-patient medical and psychiatric patients, and Employee Assistance Counseling (EAP). I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety-related issues, parenting problems, career challenges, adjustment to illness, and end of life issues. I have also helped many people who have experienced physical, sexual, or emotional trauma as adults or children. My counseling style is relaxed, accepting, client-focused and non-judgmental. I focus on the client's existing strengths and coping skills.
(858) 358-7878 View (858) 358-7878
Photo of Dr. Genevieve Olucha, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Genevieve Olucha
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with nearly 15 years of experience and have a specialized certification in the treatment of ADHD. As an insightful and skilled clinician, I utilize aspects from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Mindfulness specifically tailored for each individual client. I am also Gottman certified for couples work. My approach is designed to empower you to harness your strengths, learn new skills, and set you on a course to achieve your goals, all while maintaining a therapeutic environment built on empathy, compassion, candor, and humor.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist with nearly 15 years of experience and have a specialized certification in the treatment of ADHD. As an insightful and skilled clinician, I utilize aspects from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Mindfulness specifically tailored for each individual client. I am also Gottman certified for couples work. My approach is designed to empower you to harness your strengths, learn new skills, and set you on a course to achieve your goals, all while maintaining a therapeutic environment built on empathy, compassion, candor, and humor.
(858) 251-8355 View (858) 251-8355
Photo of Jamie M Young - Jamie M Young LMFT, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jamie M Young LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
The world has changed, and it's hard to change with it. Are you overwhelmed with feelings of grief, anxiety, and depression? Are your relationships not working? Is there a lack of patience with your spouse or partner? If you're ready to rid yourself of the roadblocks to your happiness and fulfillment, I want to help you. The truth is we have all been there at some time in our lives. Everyone has tough challenges that you can learn to overcome.
The world has changed, and it's hard to change with it. Are you overwhelmed with feelings of grief, anxiety, and depression? Are your relationships not working? Is there a lack of patience with your spouse or partner? If you're ready to rid yourself of the roadblocks to your happiness and fulfillment, I want to help you. The truth is we have all been there at some time in our lives. Everyone has tough challenges that you can learn to overcome.
(949) 799-1152 View (949) 799-1152
Photo of Hanalei Vierra, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hanalei Vierra
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
Are you A GUY who feels confused and clueless about how to create a deeper emotional connection with your intimate partner? Perhaps just as important, is it possible for you to do that in a way that would not sacrifice your sense of masculinity?!? Not only is it possible for you to learn how to speak the Truth of how you feel in a way that will feel masculine, but it will also become a source of personal strength that will help you build a more mature and honest relationship with yourself and with the person you love. I have specialized in working with adult men for 35 years.
Are you A GUY who feels confused and clueless about how to create a deeper emotional connection with your intimate partner? Perhaps just as important, is it possible for you to do that in a way that would not sacrifice your sense of masculinity?!? Not only is it possible for you to learn how to speak the Truth of how you feel in a way that will feel masculine, but it will also become a source of personal strength that will help you build a more mature and honest relationship with yourself and with the person you love. I have specialized in working with adult men for 35 years.
(858) 252-0052 View (858) 252-0052
Photo of Dr. Kore Brown, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Kore Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Cardiff By The Sea, CA 92007
I believe that all people are capable of transformative healing when met with compassionate care. I seek to meet clients with empathy and curiosity and feel privileged to walk alongside them on their journey in therapy. I honor that clients are the experts of their own lives and I seek to provide a safe and affirming therapeutic experience. I'm obsessed with getting to the root cause of things rather than just teaching clients to cope with symptoms. Because of this I take a holistic bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach that fosters transformative healing.
I believe that all people are capable of transformative healing when met with compassionate care. I seek to meet clients with empathy and curiosity and feel privileged to walk alongside them on their journey in therapy. I honor that clients are the experts of their own lives and I seek to provide a safe and affirming therapeutic experience. I'm obsessed with getting to the root cause of things rather than just teaching clients to cope with symptoms. Because of this I take a holistic bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach that fosters transformative healing.
(619) 975-3049 View (619) 975-3049
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cardiff By The Sea, CA

30+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Cardiff By The Sea, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Relationship Issues
94% Anxiety
85% Depression
82% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
67% Family Conflict
67% Stress

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
47% Cigna and Evernorth
47% Managed Health Network (MHN)

How Therapists in Cardiff By The Sea, CA see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cardiff By The Sea?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.