Therapists in Manassas, VA

Photo of Maddy Pope, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maddy Pope
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20110
Change is hard and often elicits emotions difficult to process. You are not alone! I can help you to overcome the challenges you face and to learn coping skills to overcome life’s obstacles. I provide a warm and welcoming therapeutic environment, whether virtual or in-person. I am here to listen to your needs, your emotions, and your experiences without judgment. I will partner with you to find solutions and develop the necessary skills to improve your life and help you to achieve your goals. Together, we will celebrate each of your victories, big or small.
Change is hard and often elicits emotions difficult to process. You are not alone! I can help you to overcome the challenges you face and to learn coping skills to overcome life’s obstacles. I provide a warm and welcoming therapeutic environment, whether virtual or in-person. I am here to listen to your needs, your emotions, and your experiences without judgment. I will partner with you to find solutions and develop the necessary skills to improve your life and help you to achieve your goals. Together, we will celebrate each of your victories, big or small.
(571) 450-9402 View (571) 450-9402
Photo of Heather Long, Pre-Licensed Professional
Heather Long
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself in loops of overthinking, obsessing over things you can’t control? Do you often become distracted by worry about the future or regret from the past; making it difficult to engage in the life that's right in front of you? If so, you are not alone. I work with those struggling with issues such as anxiety, OCD, rumination, relationship issues, stress, and self-esteem. Together, we can explore effective strategies and find solutions to the specific issues you are experiencing. You deserve to feel fulfilled and to focus on what truly matters to you, and I believe therapy is a wonderful catalyst for this growth.
Do you find yourself in loops of overthinking, obsessing over things you can’t control? Do you often become distracted by worry about the future or regret from the past; making it difficult to engage in the life that's right in front of you? If so, you are not alone. I work with those struggling with issues such as anxiety, OCD, rumination, relationship issues, stress, and self-esteem. Together, we can explore effective strategies and find solutions to the specific issues you are experiencing. You deserve to feel fulfilled and to focus on what truly matters to you, and I believe therapy is a wonderful catalyst for this growth.
(540) 679-7419 View (540) 679-7419
Photo of Melanie Cislo - Restoring Serenity, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Restoring Serenity
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
We all have personal issues like managing anger, depression, suicidal thoughts, aging, effective parenting, self esteem, relational issues, managing stress, or addiction and sometimes facing it alone is quite a challenge. We can work through these challenges together with a positive outcome to build strength in developing a powerful sense of yourself and promoting mental fitness and well being.
We all have personal issues like managing anger, depression, suicidal thoughts, aging, effective parenting, self esteem, relational issues, managing stress, or addiction and sometimes facing it alone is quite a challenge. We can work through these challenges together with a positive outcome to build strength in developing a powerful sense of yourself and promoting mental fitness and well being.
(540) 744-3976 View (540) 744-3976
Photo of John Shaw, MA, MSc, Licensed Professional Counselor
John Shaw
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MSc
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110
I have over eight years of experience working with people from diverse backgrounds in a variety of environments. I work with individuals, families, and couples to provide help coping with the stresses of everyday life as well as crisis situations. If you are paying out of pocket, please ask me about my sliding scale fees. I look forward to meeting you.
I have over eight years of experience working with people from diverse backgrounds in a variety of environments. I work with individuals, families, and couples to provide help coping with the stresses of everyday life as well as crisis situations. If you are paying out of pocket, please ask me about my sliding scale fees. I look forward to meeting you.
(571) 297-8842 View (571) 297-8842
Photo of Christienne Morse McClure, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Christienne Morse McClure
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
I am not the expert on your life, but a guide to help you get a better perspective and live more authentically. Society has certain expectations of the roles each of us should play, but we are not bound by these. We can listen to our hearts and follow what we know to be most meaningful for us. I believe that you can learn to create more fulfilling relationships both with your Self and the world around you. It is a joy for me to witness people creating more satisfying lives.
I am not the expert on your life, but a guide to help you get a better perspective and live more authentically. Society has certain expectations of the roles each of us should play, but we are not bound by these. We can listen to our hearts and follow what we know to be most meaningful for us. I believe that you can learn to create more fulfilling relationships both with your Self and the world around you. It is a joy for me to witness people creating more satisfying lives.
(703) 596-3878 View (703) 596-3878
Photo of Kami Patton, MA, LPC, RPT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kami Patton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20110
Have you been told that “you just don’t understand”, or has your child said, he “just can’t explain it”? Have you felt like you don’t have the answers or can’t do anything right by your child no matter how hard you try? Have you been concerned with your child’s confidence and self-esteem? Have you observed that your child gets emotional and loses control? Have you noticed your child is irritable, cranky or less motivated than usual? Have you noticed your child has difficulty coping with adjustments or is struggling to regulate emotions ? Has your child mentioned that she is worried and doesn’t know how to handle it?
Have you been told that “you just don’t understand”, or has your child said, he “just can’t explain it”? Have you felt like you don’t have the answers or can’t do anything right by your child no matter how hard you try? Have you been concerned with your child’s confidence and self-esteem? Have you observed that your child gets emotional and loses control? Have you noticed your child is irritable, cranky or less motivated than usual? Have you noticed your child has difficulty coping with adjustments or is struggling to regulate emotions ? Has your child mentioned that she is worried and doesn’t know how to handle it?
(703) 870-2853 View (703) 870-2853
Photo of Hattie Savage, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hattie Savage
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) in the state of Virginia and a licensed independent clinical social worker (LICSW) in the District of Columbia with over 25 years of experience in prevention, intervention, medical, perinatal, and clinical social work. I’m passionate about providing a supportive care experience within the mental health profession. I’ve worked with a diverse client population, and enjoyed assisting them with embracing their healthiest autonomous selves. I’m also a trauma-informed care practitioner and utilize evidenced-based treatment approaches that foster strength, hope, and healing.
I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) in the state of Virginia and a licensed independent clinical social worker (LICSW) in the District of Columbia with over 25 years of experience in prevention, intervention, medical, perinatal, and clinical social work. I’m passionate about providing a supportive care experience within the mental health profession. I’ve worked with a diverse client population, and enjoyed assisting them with embracing their healthiest autonomous selves. I’m also a trauma-informed care practitioner and utilize evidenced-based treatment approaches that foster strength, hope, and healing.
(571) 546-3677 View (571) 546-3677
Photo of Elvis Brooks, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elvis Brooks
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
He is a Disabled Veteran with various alias depending on the situation: "Bob the Builder" for helping people with personal DIY projects, Elvis Presley, Fleetwood Mac, & Garth Brooks for the multiple unsung albums that have never been published, & Hey "E" for everyone that some how has forgot his name. He is the Clinical Director for Dunamis Garden Counseling Services and Drug & Alcohol Intake Therapist for an Opioid Treatment Program/OTP & Office Base Opioid Treatment/OBOT, Intensive Outpatient, Outpatient, & Recovery Services Supervisor for a Substance Use Disorder Treatment Center.
He is a Disabled Veteran with various alias depending on the situation: "Bob the Builder" for helping people with personal DIY projects, Elvis Presley, Fleetwood Mac, & Garth Brooks for the multiple unsung albums that have never been published, & Hey "E" for everyone that some how has forgot his name. He is the Clinical Director for Dunamis Garden Counseling Services and Drug & Alcohol Intake Therapist for an Opioid Treatment Program/OTP & Office Base Opioid Treatment/OBOT, Intensive Outpatient, Outpatient, & Recovery Services Supervisor for a Substance Use Disorder Treatment Center.
(571) 497-4662 View (571) 497-4662
Abiding Hope Counseling Services
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110
Often times as a client when talking to Therapist, counselors you feel like your voice is not being heard or just another notch under their belts. As your resident Therapist your voice will be heard and you will be treated with the utmost respect.
Often times as a client when talking to Therapist, counselors you feel like your voice is not being heard or just another notch under their belts. As your resident Therapist your voice will be heard and you will be treated with the utmost respect.
(571) 778-3532 View (571) 778-3532
Photo of Emily Horten, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily Horten
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110
Not accepting new clients
I have been working in the therapeutic field for over 20 years providing an array of inpatient, home-based and outpatient services. I have experience treating children, adolescents and adults struggling with dysfunctional behavioral issues, substance abuse, depression and emotional regulation, as well as mental health and trauma-related issues, including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. I am adept at customizing and integrating various therapeutic techniques and tools for my clients to aid them in being successful during their life journey. I am passionate about helping others reach their goals of living their best life possible.
I have been working in the therapeutic field for over 20 years providing an array of inpatient, home-based and outpatient services. I have experience treating children, adolescents and adults struggling with dysfunctional behavioral issues, substance abuse, depression and emotional regulation, as well as mental health and trauma-related issues, including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. I am adept at customizing and integrating various therapeutic techniques and tools for my clients to aid them in being successful during their life journey. I am passionate about helping others reach their goals of living their best life possible.
(703) 721-4914 View (703) 721-4914
Photo of Katherine Kraft, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katherine Kraft
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
I have openings - We all face challenges and journey toward self-discovery and development. Therapy can be a daunting but powerful experience. It is my heart to walk through this process with you by providing a safe, nonjudgmental place to talk freely and be yourself. If you are struggling with a life-transition, anxiety, depression, grief, overthinking, low self-esteem, communication, or other mental and emotional health challenges that affect your job, family, or goals, therapy could be a central part of your freedom and growth. It is my hope to provide understanding, tools, encouragement, and support to you throughout sessions.
I have openings - We all face challenges and journey toward self-discovery and development. Therapy can be a daunting but powerful experience. It is my heart to walk through this process with you by providing a safe, nonjudgmental place to talk freely and be yourself. If you are struggling with a life-transition, anxiety, depression, grief, overthinking, low self-esteem, communication, or other mental and emotional health challenges that affect your job, family, or goals, therapy could be a central part of your freedom and growth. It is my hope to provide understanding, tools, encouragement, and support to you throughout sessions.
(703) 686-8079 View (703) 686-8079
Photo of Wendy Freeman Rood, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Wendy Freeman Rood
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110
I believe people have within them what they need to become who they want to be. Positive change is facilitated by access to an accepting, nonjudgmental space in which to be heard and to work towards healing. I work with people challenged by trauma, dissociative disorders (including Dissociative Identity Disorder - DID), Borderline Personality Disorder, depression, anxiety, domestic violence. I consider myself an ally of the LGBTQ community and other communities that experience discrimination.
I believe people have within them what they need to become who they want to be. Positive change is facilitated by access to an accepting, nonjudgmental space in which to be heard and to work towards healing. I work with people challenged by trauma, dissociative disorders (including Dissociative Identity Disorder - DID), Borderline Personality Disorder, depression, anxiety, domestic violence. I consider myself an ally of the LGBTQ community and other communities that experience discrimination.
(571) 651-8226 View (571) 651-8226
Photo of Shervonne Banks, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shervonne Banks
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
I have over 13 years of experience with mental health, medical social work, and community-based care programs. Before starting my own practice, I was a psychotherapist and acute care clinician traveling across the United States partnering with adolescents' adults, families, and providers to bridge integrated care with mental health. Prior to that, I helped to advocate for geriatric communities with a variety of complex aging issues pertaining to Medicaid, Medicare, accessibility to services, placement, and managing caregiver burnout. All appointments are virtual as of 2/8/2023; unless clients are open to meeting on Wednesday at our
I have over 13 years of experience with mental health, medical social work, and community-based care programs. Before starting my own practice, I was a psychotherapist and acute care clinician traveling across the United States partnering with adolescents' adults, families, and providers to bridge integrated care with mental health. Prior to that, I helped to advocate for geriatric communities with a variety of complex aging issues pertaining to Medicaid, Medicare, accessibility to services, placement, and managing caregiver burnout. All appointments are virtual as of 2/8/2023; unless clients are open to meeting on Wednesday at our
(571) 603-7761 View (571) 603-7761
Photo of Jordan Reina, MA
Jordan Reina
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110
Life can throw many challenges our way. It takes strength to reach out for help when you recognize that your happiness and well-being have been negatively impacted by such challenges. Through collaboration, I help guide and encourage my clients as they work toward developing a greater understanding of themselves and uncovering solutions for issues affecting their lives. I believe in creating a non-judgmental, safe-space for all clients in which they feel they can be their most authentic selves. You deserve to create and define a life for yourself that feels genuine and fulfilling - I'm here to support you along that journey.
Life can throw many challenges our way. It takes strength to reach out for help when you recognize that your happiness and well-being have been negatively impacted by such challenges. Through collaboration, I help guide and encourage my clients as they work toward developing a greater understanding of themselves and uncovering solutions for issues affecting their lives. I believe in creating a non-judgmental, safe-space for all clients in which they feel they can be their most authentic selves. You deserve to create and define a life for yourself that feels genuine and fulfilling - I'm here to support you along that journey.
(571) 604-6921 x709 View (571) 604-6921 x709
Photo of Jacqueline Ann Malone
Jacqueline Ann Malone
Resident in Counseling
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110
Hello! I received my Masters of Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University. I have over 3 years of experience that has focused predominantly with our neurodiverse population as well as addressing challenges that are influenced by anxiety, depression, or executive dysfunction.
Hello! I received my Masters of Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Liberty University. I have over 3 years of experience that has focused predominantly with our neurodiverse population as well as addressing challenges that are influenced by anxiety, depression, or executive dysfunction.
(571) 520-4604 View (571) 520-4604
Photo of Jan Weng - Catalyst Recovery and Wellness, LPC-S, CSAC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Catalyst Recovery and Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, CSAC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110
Catalyst Recovery and Wellness is a program created to address the overwhelming need to bridge the gap between traditional substance abuse and mental health treatment. We offer evidence based integrative treatments that enhance traditional group and individual therapy with holistic and nutritional therapies that heal the whole-person. At Catalyst we understand the frustration of chronic relapse and unresolved pain from mental health issues and trauma. We work with our clients to develop individualized treatment plans optimizing multiple services for life-long recovery, health and wellness.
Catalyst Recovery and Wellness is a program created to address the overwhelming need to bridge the gap between traditional substance abuse and mental health treatment. We offer evidence based integrative treatments that enhance traditional group and individual therapy with holistic and nutritional therapies that heal the whole-person. At Catalyst we understand the frustration of chronic relapse and unresolved pain from mental health issues and trauma. We work with our clients to develop individualized treatment plans optimizing multiple services for life-long recovery, health and wellness.
(571) 200-7101 View (571) 200-7101
Photo of Jo Ann M. Harris - Envision Counseling, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jo Ann M. Harris - Envision Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
Life and living can be hard; and the real world issues and concerns that you face deserve real world solutions! I offer solution-focused interventions for teens and adults who are looking to make positive changes in their "now." But sometimes today's issues are rooted in the past and resolving traumatic histories is the way to improve the present. Regaining power over your narrative allows you to heal mind, body, and soul... to be holistically you! Whether it is anxiety, depression, or familial/relationship issues, I take a person-centered approach in assisting you in your wellness journey.
Life and living can be hard; and the real world issues and concerns that you face deserve real world solutions! I offer solution-focused interventions for teens and adults who are looking to make positive changes in their "now." But sometimes today's issues are rooted in the past and resolving traumatic histories is the way to improve the present. Regaining power over your narrative allows you to heal mind, body, and soul... to be holistically you! Whether it is anxiety, depression, or familial/relationship issues, I take a person-centered approach in assisting you in your wellness journey.
(571) 946-4848 View (571) 946-4848
Photo of Latoria Jennings, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Latoria Jennings
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20109
Therapy for children, teens, and young adults! Through therapy, you can delve into your emotions, confront obstacles head-on, and discover effective coping strategies to navigate life's intricacies. By valuing your mental well-being and reaching out for assistance when necessary, you can nurture a calm and unleash a daily peacefulness that resonates with you.
Therapy for children, teens, and young adults! Through therapy, you can delve into your emotions, confront obstacles head-on, and discover effective coping strategies to navigate life's intricacies. By valuing your mental well-being and reaching out for assistance when necessary, you can nurture a calm and unleash a daily peacefulness that resonates with you.
(571) 202-7248 View (571) 202-7248
Photo of Jamie Hardy - Life Untangled Therapy LLC, LPC, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Life Untangled Therapy LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi, I'm Jamie! I'm a licensed therapist and I specialize in working with adults dealing with anxiety, ADHD, interpersonal issues, OCD, and perfectionism. Whether life has thrown you a curveball or the daily grind has gotten to the point where you're at a breaking point, I'm here to help. In every session, I am to provide you the space and support to identify your needs, and achieve a happier, healthier you.
Hi, I'm Jamie! I'm a licensed therapist and I specialize in working with adults dealing with anxiety, ADHD, interpersonal issues, OCD, and perfectionism. Whether life has thrown you a curveball or the daily grind has gotten to the point where you're at a breaking point, I'm here to help. In every session, I am to provide you the space and support to identify your needs, and achieve a happier, healthier you.
(703) 686-8728 View (703) 686-8728
Photo of Linda Noronha, Licensed Professional Counselor
Linda Noronha
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Manassas, VA 20110  (Online Only)
My passion as a Licensed Professional Counselor is to meet people where they are in their lives and try to help them make sense of it. Let's face it, life can be a mess sometimes. One moment, life can be happy, upbeat, positive, balanced. The next moment, you may feel your sinking in a never-ending quicksand or feeling knocked over by a rogue wave of emotions and problems feeling too great to solve. We all are unique individuals with a wide range of experiences, both positive and negative. Flexibility and adaptability are how I work to adjust as a Therapist to help find a treatment plan and other strategies for clients.
My passion as a Licensed Professional Counselor is to meet people where they are in their lives and try to help them make sense of it. Let's face it, life can be a mess sometimes. One moment, life can be happy, upbeat, positive, balanced. The next moment, you may feel your sinking in a never-ending quicksand or feeling knocked over by a rogue wave of emotions and problems feeling too great to solve. We all are unique individuals with a wide range of experiences, both positive and negative. Flexibility and adaptability are how I work to adjust as a Therapist to help find a treatment plan and other strategies for clients.
(571) 603-6148 View (571) 603-6148
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Manassas, VA

300+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Manassas, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
71% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills
66% Self Esteem
65% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Anthem
74% Aetna
74% CareFirst

How Therapists in Manassas, VA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
17% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Manassas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.