Therapists in Florence, KY

Photo of Kristen Osburn Miller, LPCC
Kristen Osburn Miller
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
Families are a child's first and most important teacher. Sometimes it's hard to feel that role is being fulfilled when your child is struggling and you feel that you struggle to help them. I love working with children and their families to help both the individual child and to strengthen the communication and bonds between the family. I enjoy working with children and families who come in with open hearts and who seek to learn and grow both from and with each other.
Families are a child's first and most important teacher. Sometimes it's hard to feel that role is being fulfilled when your child is struggling and you feel that you struggle to help them. I love working with children and their families to help both the individual child and to strengthen the communication and bonds between the family. I enjoy working with children and families who come in with open hearts and who seek to learn and grow both from and with each other.
(859) 955-5099 View (859) 955-5099
Photo of Dr. Daniel Bush, LPCC-S, PhD, MDiv, NCC, C-PD
Dr. Daniel Bush
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, PhD, MDiv, NCC, C-PD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
Are you ready to transform your life at the core? If you’re tired of the surface-level solutions and crave a profound shift in how you experience the world, you’re in the right place. I don’t just address symptoms like anxiety, anger, or relationship struggles; I guide you through a journey of deep self-discovery and lasting change. Together, we’ll explore what truly drives you, uncover hidden patterns, and awaken a more authentic, empowered version of yourself. If you’re ready to move beyond merely coping and start thriving, let’s begin this transformative work.
Are you ready to transform your life at the core? If you’re tired of the surface-level solutions and crave a profound shift in how you experience the world, you’re in the right place. I don’t just address symptoms like anxiety, anger, or relationship struggles; I guide you through a journey of deep self-discovery and lasting change. Together, we’ll explore what truly drives you, uncover hidden patterns, and awaken a more authentic, empowered version of yourself. If you’re ready to move beyond merely coping and start thriving, let’s begin this transformative work.
(859) 209-6427 View (859) 209-6427
Photo of Kaitlyn Brooks - Christ Centered Counseling LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christ Centered Counseling LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Florence, KY 41042
Hello! I'm Kaitlyn, owner of Christ Centered Counseling. Is negative thinking, fears and addictions holding you or your teen back from your God given potential? Are you looking for a counselor who still believes in the miracle working power of Jesus? Let's work together so you can start your journey towards feeling joy and peace.
Hello! I'm Kaitlyn, owner of Christ Centered Counseling. Is negative thinking, fears and addictions holding you or your teen back from your God given potential? Are you looking for a counselor who still believes in the miracle working power of Jesus? Let's work together so you can start your journey towards feeling joy and peace.
(859) 423-1844 View (859) 423-1844
Photo of Jayme Begley, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jayme Begley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Florence, KY 41042
Hello! My name is Jayme Begley, LCSW and I am a seasoned social worker with over 15 years of experience in various areas of Social Work. I provide a kind and compassionate therapeutic environment for my clients to share their stories. I consider it an honor to walk shoulder to shoulder with my clients through their healing journey. I believe in having open and honest communication in the therapy room at whatever pace my clients feel comfortable. My goal is to guide my clients to living healthy lives physically, emotionally and spiritually.
Hello! My name is Jayme Begley, LCSW and I am a seasoned social worker with over 15 years of experience in various areas of Social Work. I provide a kind and compassionate therapeutic environment for my clients to share their stories. I consider it an honor to walk shoulder to shoulder with my clients through their healing journey. I believe in having open and honest communication in the therapy room at whatever pace my clients feel comfortable. My goal is to guide my clients to living healthy lives physically, emotionally and spiritually.
(859) 719-2033 View (859) 719-2033
Photo of Melanie R Shannon, MA, LPCC-S
Melanie R Shannon
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
Welcome to my page! My name is Mel Shannon and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. My counseling style is kind, empathetic, client-centered, and solution focused. My number one goal as a therapist is to help my clients feel safe talking about whatever is going on in their lives and to help them move forward and reach their goals. I believe in being genuine and open with my clients and moving at whatever pace they need to feel safe, comfortable, and understood. I believe that everyone has great potential to make improvements in their lives and with the right relationship and help, it can be achieved!
Welcome to my page! My name is Mel Shannon and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. My counseling style is kind, empathetic, client-centered, and solution focused. My number one goal as a therapist is to help my clients feel safe talking about whatever is going on in their lives and to help them move forward and reach their goals. I believe in being genuine and open with my clients and moving at whatever pace they need to feel safe, comfortable, and understood. I believe that everyone has great potential to make improvements in their lives and with the right relationship and help, it can be achieved!
(859) 681-8113 View (859) 681-8113
Photo of Suzanne Collins, PsyD, Psychologist
Suzanne Collins
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
I am a child/adolescent psychologist, and co-owner of L+C Psychological Services, who has been in private practice for the past seventeen years. I love the work that I do with children, adolescents, and their families to create happy and healthy lives. I have extensive experience working with children and adolescents with anxiety, depression, ADHD, and behavior disorders. I also frequently work with children and their families going through transitions such as divorce, moving, changes within the family, etc. Collaboration with other professionals, such as pediatricians, psychiatrists, and schools is a priority in my practice.
I am a child/adolescent psychologist, and co-owner of L+C Psychological Services, who has been in private practice for the past seventeen years. I love the work that I do with children, adolescents, and their families to create happy and healthy lives. I have extensive experience working with children and adolescents with anxiety, depression, ADHD, and behavior disorders. I also frequently work with children and their families going through transitions such as divorce, moving, changes within the family, etc. Collaboration with other professionals, such as pediatricians, psychiatrists, and schools is a priority in my practice.
(859) 927-3279 View (859) 927-3279
Photo of Yasmin Asad, MA, LPCC
Yasmin Asad
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
Seeking therapy is not the easiest step to take, it can feel intimidating trying to be vulnerable with someone. I am here to say it's okay not to be okay, whether you are seeking support, connection, healing, or you just want to feel understood, therapy can help. My goal is to create a safe, nonjudgmental, and supportive space where you feel validated and empowered.
Seeking therapy is not the easiest step to take, it can feel intimidating trying to be vulnerable with someone. I am here to say it's okay not to be okay, whether you are seeking support, connection, healing, or you just want to feel understood, therapy can help. My goal is to create a safe, nonjudgmental, and supportive space where you feel validated and empowered.
(859) 659-6020 View (859) 659-6020
Photo of Aaron Benjamin Krick, LPCA
Aaron Benjamin Krick
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA
Verified Verified
Florence, KY 41042
Life can be truly challenging. Anxiety, depression, and grief can be so constant that they seem like a part of us. When we are mired by these struggles, relationships and obligations can feel like too much pressure to handle. Despite this, I truly believe that we can find peace and strength even in the most trying times. I am reaching out to clients that want to take that bold first step towards a better tomorrow. I believe that the best answers to your problems will come from within. All anyone really needs is an ally and some new tools to help break through those issues that for so long have seemed insurmountable.
Life can be truly challenging. Anxiety, depression, and grief can be so constant that they seem like a part of us. When we are mired by these struggles, relationships and obligations can feel like too much pressure to handle. Despite this, I truly believe that we can find peace and strength even in the most trying times. I am reaching out to clients that want to take that bold first step towards a better tomorrow. I believe that the best answers to your problems will come from within. All anyone really needs is an ally and some new tools to help break through those issues that for so long have seemed insurmountable.
(859) 903-0335 View (859) 903-0335
Photo of Jonathon Seaborn, LPCA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jonathon Seaborn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
I help people heal from trauma, connect with their authentic selves, and live more meaningful lives. I have helped many people overcome struggles with anxiety, depression, ADHD, relationship problems, and existential issues. If you are struggling, please reach out. Together, we can work towards healing and living a more meaningful life.
I help people heal from trauma, connect with their authentic selves, and live more meaningful lives. I have helped many people overcome struggles with anxiety, depression, ADHD, relationship problems, and existential issues. If you are struggling, please reach out. Together, we can work towards healing and living a more meaningful life.
(859) 376-4542 View (859) 376-4542
Photo of Emilie McCaffrey, LPCA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emilie McCaffrey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCA, LPC
Verified Verified
Florence, KY 41042
I work with a variety of mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, anger, chronic stress, low self-esteem and coping with significant life changes. I work with individuals, couples and have a special passion for working with adolescents and young adults.
I work with a variety of mental health concerns such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, anger, chronic stress, low self-esteem and coping with significant life changes. I work with individuals, couples and have a special passion for working with adolescents and young adults.
(859) 696-1224 View (859) 696-1224
Photo of Dayna Philpot - Hope Haven Counseling, MA, LPCC-S
Hope Haven Counseling
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Florence, KY 41042
Our thoughts and feelings are often difficult to process on our own. Having someone neutral to encourage us on our personal life journey provides a serene opportunity for healing and growth. If you are struggling to find your way, you are not alone! At Hope Haven Counseling, my initial goal is to provide a safe place where you feel free to be honest and open about who you are. Welcome to the first step on your pathway of self-awareness and personal growth!
Our thoughts and feelings are often difficult to process on our own. Having someone neutral to encourage us on our personal life journey provides a serene opportunity for healing and growth. If you are struggling to find your way, you are not alone! At Hope Haven Counseling, my initial goal is to provide a safe place where you feel free to be honest and open about who you are. Welcome to the first step on your pathway of self-awareness and personal growth!
(859) 495-3701 View (859) 495-3701
Photo of Sarah Robinson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Florence, KY 41042
Hi there! My name is Sarah Lanser. I am a certified social worker committed to helping adolescents and young adults learn how to effectively cope with various life challenges and empower them to make meaningful and purposeful decisions. I believe in meeting my clients where they are and utilizing a strengths based, client focused, empathetic, and kind approach to therapy. We all require help at different points in our lives and I believe that with the right tools, guidance, and encouragement, everyone is able to reach their full potential and accomplish their individual goals.
Hi there! My name is Sarah Lanser. I am a certified social worker committed to helping adolescents and young adults learn how to effectively cope with various life challenges and empower them to make meaningful and purposeful decisions. I believe in meeting my clients where they are and utilizing a strengths based, client focused, empathetic, and kind approach to therapy. We all require help at different points in our lives and I believe that with the right tools, guidance, and encouragement, everyone is able to reach their full potential and accomplish their individual goals.
(859) 295-6408 View (859) 295-6408
Photo of Kirk D Little, PsyD, Psychologist
Kirk D Little
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
L+C Psychological Services is the Premiere Psychology Group in the Northern Kentucky/Cincinnati area. We are uniquely qualified in that we are all skilled Doctors of Psychology with the knowledge and expertise needed to help you get what you are looking for. We know that finding the right therapist is important, and can be challenging with so many possible options. We invite you to learn more about how with good psychological testing and personalized therapy, you can be sure to get the kind of help you need to find peace of mind, and to live a happy, fulfilling life.
L+C Psychological Services is the Premiere Psychology Group in the Northern Kentucky/Cincinnati area. We are uniquely qualified in that we are all skilled Doctors of Psychology with the knowledge and expertise needed to help you get what you are looking for. We know that finding the right therapist is important, and can be challenging with so many possible options. We invite you to learn more about how with good psychological testing and personalized therapy, you can be sure to get the kind of help you need to find peace of mind, and to live a happy, fulfilling life.
(859) 209-6182 View (859) 209-6182
Photo of Laura Cooper, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Cooper
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Laura Cooper. I'm a native Kentucky woman with 5+ years of experience in the field of mental health therapy and substance use counseling. I love working with people from all sorts of different backgrounds and cultures. If you have come across this profile, I'm glad you found me, and maybe you will be too. Sometimes in life we need someone to reach out to, someone to lean on and vent to, someone who will listen without judgment. I hope to be that person for you. I'm excited to meet you soon and work together to reach your therapy goals.
Hello, my name is Laura Cooper. I'm a native Kentucky woman with 5+ years of experience in the field of mental health therapy and substance use counseling. I love working with people from all sorts of different backgrounds and cultures. If you have come across this profile, I'm glad you found me, and maybe you will be too. Sometimes in life we need someone to reach out to, someone to lean on and vent to, someone who will listen without judgment. I hope to be that person for you. I'm excited to meet you soon and work together to reach your therapy goals.
(859) 249-9448 View (859) 249-9448
Photo of April Lynn Jones Positively Speaking Counseling, MS, LPCC-S
April Lynn Jones Positively Speaking Counseling
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
Hi, we are so glad you're here! Our ideal client would be someone who is willing to take that first step towards healthy change in his or her life by starting counseling services. We will identify your strengths together and use those strengths to help propel you forward in making the necessary changes you would like to make in your life. At Positively Speaking, we use a collaborative approach, to promote the necessary steps for change in order to facilitate growth, positive change and healing in your life, so that you can be the best you that you can be! Please note: April is not accepting new clients at this time, but her team is!
Hi, we are so glad you're here! Our ideal client would be someone who is willing to take that first step towards healthy change in his or her life by starting counseling services. We will identify your strengths together and use those strengths to help propel you forward in making the necessary changes you would like to make in your life. At Positively Speaking, we use a collaborative approach, to promote the necessary steps for change in order to facilitate growth, positive change and healing in your life, so that you can be the best you that you can be! Please note: April is not accepting new clients at this time, but her team is!
(859) 951-6500 View (859) 951-6500
Photo of Aislinn Baldi, MA, LPCC, SATP-C
Aislinn Baldi
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, SATP-C
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
You’re a people pleaser who wants to have healthy relationships and stop feeling so worn down and stretched thin all the time. Perhaps you’ve been striving to make sense of life in the midst of trauma, betrayal, relationship struggles, divorce, empty-nesting, or job changes and you feel like you’re drowning. Sometimes, you can’t shake the feeling you’re a failure. Your creativity is stifled, your energy is gone, you feel lost, you don't know who you are anymore, and your faith may be shaken. You just want to feel confident and capable and safe again, no matter what life brings you.
You’re a people pleaser who wants to have healthy relationships and stop feeling so worn down and stretched thin all the time. Perhaps you’ve been striving to make sense of life in the midst of trauma, betrayal, relationship struggles, divorce, empty-nesting, or job changes and you feel like you’re drowning. Sometimes, you can’t shake the feeling you’re a failure. Your creativity is stifled, your energy is gone, you feel lost, you don't know who you are anymore, and your faith may be shaken. You just want to feel confident and capable and safe again, no matter what life brings you.
(816) 663-9916 View (816) 663-9916
Photo of Jamie F Wilkinson, MS, LPCC-S, NCC, JSOCC
Jamie F Wilkinson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC-S, NCC, JSOCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
I appreciate an individual's unique characteristics, and tailor my approach in therapy to each client's needs. My professional development has focused on helping adolescents/teenagers (ages 8 to 19) dealing with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, relationship issues, adjustment disorders, stress and self-esteem. I have specialized training to address trauma and abuse. I am accepting Counseling Students looking for a practicum/internship site as well as license eligible LPCa's that need a supervisor.
I appreciate an individual's unique characteristics, and tailor my approach in therapy to each client's needs. My professional development has focused on helping adolescents/teenagers (ages 8 to 19) dealing with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, relationship issues, adjustment disorders, stress and self-esteem. I have specialized training to address trauma and abuse. I am accepting Counseling Students looking for a practicum/internship site as well as license eligible LPCa's that need a supervisor.
(859) 719-2551 View (859) 719-2551
Photo of Christina Facemire - Emerge Counseling Services, LLC, MS, LPCC-S, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Emerge Counseling Services, LLC
Counselor, MS, LPCC-S, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
Do you feel like you've lost your sense of you? Anxiety can often keep us from enjoying or even participating in our lives. Do you feel like you are existing but not living? Is avoidance your best friend? Maybe intrusive thoughts are increasing the anxiety. Maybe, a disturbing thought crosses your mind and you think, "Why would I have a thought like that? This is not who I am." Maybe you can't sleep, you're exhausted, and you miss yourself... the real you. The most important relationship you will ever have is with yourself; nurture the relationship, grow, and evolve.
Do you feel like you've lost your sense of you? Anxiety can often keep us from enjoying or even participating in our lives. Do you feel like you are existing but not living? Is avoidance your best friend? Maybe intrusive thoughts are increasing the anxiety. Maybe, a disturbing thought crosses your mind and you think, "Why would I have a thought like that? This is not who I am." Maybe you can't sleep, you're exhausted, and you miss yourself... the real you. The most important relationship you will ever have is with yourself; nurture the relationship, grow, and evolve.
(859) 340-8446 View (859) 340-8446
Photo of Stephanie McDonald, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Stephanie McDonald
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Florence, KY 41042
Not accepting new clients
Stephanie graduated from Murray State University, with a Bachelor in Sociology. After moving to Cincinnati, she attended Cincinnati Christian University, where she earned a Master of Arts in Counseling with special focus on play and family therapy. Stephanie is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a member of The Association for Play Therapy. In her free time, she enjoys hiking, camping and collecting new experiences with family and friends.
Stephanie graduated from Murray State University, with a Bachelor in Sociology. After moving to Cincinnati, she attended Cincinnati Christian University, where she earned a Master of Arts in Counseling with special focus on play and family therapy. Stephanie is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a member of The Association for Play Therapy. In her free time, she enjoys hiking, camping and collecting new experiences with family and friends.
(859) 402-2634 View (859) 402-2634
Photo of Marjorie J Appenfelder, MEd, LPCC, Counselor
Marjorie J Appenfelder
Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Florence, KY 41042
Marjie is a licensed professional clinical counselor who is passionate about helping people. With a masters degree in clinical mental health and art therapy, Marjie has been helping people for over a decade, taking a mind, body, spirit approach. Marjie brings a unique set of tools to each session. Marjie has gained experience working in community mental health, foster care, a hospice setting, acute psychiatric inpatient, working with those with severe mental illness in an outpatient setting, and private practice outpatient dealing with the in’s and out’s of every day life.
Marjie is a licensed professional clinical counselor who is passionate about helping people. With a masters degree in clinical mental health and art therapy, Marjie has been helping people for over a decade, taking a mind, body, spirit approach. Marjie brings a unique set of tools to each session. Marjie has gained experience working in community mental health, foster care, a hospice setting, acute psychiatric inpatient, working with those with severe mental illness in an outpatient setting, and private practice outpatient dealing with the in’s and out’s of every day life.
(859) 659-6824 View (859) 659-6824

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Florence, KY

100+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Florence, KY who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Self Esteem
73% Stress
71% Coping Skills
69% Relationship Issues
64% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

91% Aetna
89% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
80% United Medical Resources (UMR)

How Therapists in Florence, KY see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Florence?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.