Therapists in New York, NY

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Photo of Marianna Strongin, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Marianna Strongin
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10128
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with a particular interest in life patterns that affect an individual's decisions in their personal life, workplace and with their own discipline. I have experience treating career difficulties, relationship patterns, perinatal mood disorders, parental issues and infertility. In addition, I treat mood disorders, anxiety and life transitional issues. Together we work on treating the problem, recognizing the effects it has on your life and working toward a different more effective experience.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with a particular interest in life patterns that affect an individual's decisions in their personal life, workplace and with their own discipline. I have experience treating career difficulties, relationship patterns, perinatal mood disorders, parental issues and infertility. In addition, I treat mood disorders, anxiety and life transitional issues. Together we work on treating the problem, recognizing the effects it has on your life and working toward a different more effective experience.
(646) 798-4745 View (646) 798-4745
Photo of Paul Matkovic, PsyD, Psychologist
Paul Matkovic
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10128
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who works with adults, adolescents and children on a variety of issues including anxiety, stress, depression and relationship problems. I specialize in therapy designed to target the root of your problem. If you are new to psychotherapy or if you have been frustrated by previous treatments that have only provided short term relief, my therapy might be the right choice for you.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who works with adults, adolescents and children on a variety of issues including anxiety, stress, depression and relationship problems. I specialize in therapy designed to target the root of your problem. If you are new to psychotherapy or if you have been frustrated by previous treatments that have only provided short term relief, my therapy might be the right choice for you.
(917) 521-5779 View (917) 521-5779
Photo of Lauren Canonico - Affirmative Therapy Collective, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Affirmative Therapy Collective
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
New York, NY 10003
You've come a long way. You're doing it. You're killing it at work or at school. You always have. But somehow, those old ways of thinking and feeling about yourself have followed despite your successes. At work, and with your friends, it looks like you have it all together. If anything, you're the first to lend a hand to others, even when you are completely running on empty. But something is missing, and its gnawing at you. You don't know what you want or need most of the time. We can figure that out together. We help patients find the permission they need to give themselves in order to live their most full, most authentic lives.
You've come a long way. You're doing it. You're killing it at work or at school. You always have. But somehow, those old ways of thinking and feeling about yourself have followed despite your successes. At work, and with your friends, it looks like you have it all together. If anything, you're the first to lend a hand to others, even when you are completely running on empty. But something is missing, and its gnawing at you. You don't know what you want or need most of the time. We can figure that out together. We help patients find the permission they need to give themselves in order to live their most full, most authentic lives.
(646) 401-0367 View (646) 401-0367
Photo of Elena Alonso, MSW, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elena Alonso
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
I am a bi-lingual, Spanish speaking, bi-cultural psychotherapist specializing in the treatment of depression and anxiety issues, including general worry and career anxiety. I work flexibly and openly with clients to identify treatment goals, and map out a strategy to achieve them. Together, we find practical and creative solutions to the problems that bring you to treatment. Recognizing the inseparable connection between the mind and body, I regularly incorporate mindfulness practice into our work.
I am a bi-lingual, Spanish speaking, bi-cultural psychotherapist specializing in the treatment of depression and anxiety issues, including general worry and career anxiety. I work flexibly and openly with clients to identify treatment goals, and map out a strategy to achieve them. Together, we find practical and creative solutions to the problems that bring you to treatment. Recognizing the inseparable connection between the mind and body, I regularly incorporate mindfulness practice into our work.
(917) 746-1568 View (917) 746-1568
Photo of Elizabeth Gellman, PsyD, Psychologist
Elizabeth Gellman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10010
I am a NY State licensed psychologist who has expertise in evidenced-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and mindfulness based techniques. I specialize in the treatment of adolescents, adults, couples, and families struggling with a wide range of challenges including anxiety, depression, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, chronic pain, interpersonal difficulties, and stress management. My areas of specialty include mood disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, and personality disorders.
I am a NY State licensed psychologist who has expertise in evidenced-based treatments including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and mindfulness based techniques. I specialize in the treatment of adolescents, adults, couples, and families struggling with a wide range of challenges including anxiety, depression, emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, chronic pain, interpersonal difficulties, and stress management. My areas of specialty include mood disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, and personality disorders.
(646) 783-1107 View (646) 783-1107
Photo of Dr. Rachel J. Altman, PsyD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Dr. Rachel J. Altman
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10025
I strive to help others accept their own imperfections, while guiding them towards growth and self-compassion. For those feeling stuck in repetitive patterns of thought and emotion, I offer guidance in finding new perspectives and approaches. Together, we’ll work to uncover these patterns and develop new ways of thinking, and being, that align with your values and goals.
I strive to help others accept their own imperfections, while guiding them towards growth and self-compassion. For those feeling stuck in repetitive patterns of thought and emotion, I offer guidance in finding new perspectives and approaches. Together, we’ll work to uncover these patterns and develop new ways of thinking, and being, that align with your values and goals.
(914) 326-2103 View (914) 326-2103
Photo of Elisa Pompeo, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elisa Pompeo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10023
I believe in practicing with a holistic, human centric approach. I am committed to creating a safe, open minded and constructive environment. Whether you are looking for a new approach to therapy, or trying therapy for the first time, my goal is to support and empower you throughout the process.
I believe in practicing with a holistic, human centric approach. I am committed to creating a safe, open minded and constructive environment. Whether you are looking for a new approach to therapy, or trying therapy for the first time, my goal is to support and empower you throughout the process.
(646) 604-2703 View (646) 604-2703
Photo of Thomas Stewart, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Thomas Stewart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10128
I work collaboratively with my clients to help them get the most out of treatment and life. Experienced with several modalities and treatment styles, I offer both short-term (goal-oriented) and in-depth psychotherapy to individuals, couples, and families. I also provide supportive psychotherapy for high functioning ASD to assist in normative emotional processing and provide social modeling to work in conjunction with client's other functional therapies. Over the past 20 years, I have worked in numerous settings as a psychotherapist with adults and children in both inpatient and outpatient facilities.
I work collaboratively with my clients to help them get the most out of treatment and life. Experienced with several modalities and treatment styles, I offer both short-term (goal-oriented) and in-depth psychotherapy to individuals, couples, and families. I also provide supportive psychotherapy for high functioning ASD to assist in normative emotional processing and provide social modeling to work in conjunction with client's other functional therapies. Over the past 20 years, I have worked in numerous settings as a psychotherapist with adults and children in both inpatient and outpatient facilities.
(347) 223-5440 View (347) 223-5440
Photo of Alana Carvalho, LMHC, LPC, CASAC-T, Counselor
Alana Carvalho
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, CASAC-T
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
Hi and welcome! I'm an experienced couples counselor and individual therapist who is passionate about working with people on relationships. I assist couples looking to work on their communication, understand the difficulties in their relationships, and find ways to heal. Through our work together you should expect to gain greater clarity on what it is that is impacting you and your relationships as well as how to move forward. I also specialize in helping individuals heal that have had a narcissistic parent or partner.
Hi and welcome! I'm an experienced couples counselor and individual therapist who is passionate about working with people on relationships. I assist couples looking to work on their communication, understand the difficulties in their relationships, and find ways to heal. Through our work together you should expect to gain greater clarity on what it is that is impacting you and your relationships as well as how to move forward. I also specialize in helping individuals heal that have had a narcissistic parent or partner.
(732) 508-3096 View (732) 508-3096
Photo of Tamar Kipnis, MS, NCPsyA, LCAT, LP, BC-DMT, Licensed Psychoanalyst
Tamar Kipnis
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MS, NCPsyA, LCAT, LP, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10003  (Online Only)
I'm a Licensed Psychoanalyst and a Licensed Creative Arts Therapist. I have extensive experience working with people coping with depression, PTSD, relationship issues, anxiety and career concerns. I'm also trained in specific trauma evidence base treatments such as Internal Family System, EMDR, and Psychedelic Integration, all are specifically focused treatments designed to create meaningful, desirable and durable lifestyle changes.
I'm a Licensed Psychoanalyst and a Licensed Creative Arts Therapist. I have extensive experience working with people coping with depression, PTSD, relationship issues, anxiety and career concerns. I'm also trained in specific trauma evidence base treatments such as Internal Family System, EMDR, and Psychedelic Integration, all are specifically focused treatments designed to create meaningful, desirable and durable lifestyle changes.
(347) 751-6510 View (347) 751-6510
Photo of Rebecca Austin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rebecca Austin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10014
I am a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for decreasing the stigma surrounding mental health and promoting the health and well being of my clients. For my undergraduate degree, I moved from Central Jersey (Yes! It exists!) to South Jersey to attend Stockton University. I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Social Work with a Minor in Behavioral Neuroscience from Stockton, and then moved on to attend graduate school in Philadelphia. I received my Master of Social Work Degree with a clinical concentration from the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Social Policy and Practice in May of 2020.
I am a Licensed Social Worker with a passion for decreasing the stigma surrounding mental health and promoting the health and well being of my clients. For my undergraduate degree, I moved from Central Jersey (Yes! It exists!) to South Jersey to attend Stockton University. I received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Social Work with a Minor in Behavioral Neuroscience from Stockton, and then moved on to attend graduate school in Philadelphia. I received my Master of Social Work Degree with a clinical concentration from the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Social Policy and Practice in May of 2020.
(929) 493-5899 View (929) 493-5899
Photo of Heather Berlin, PhD, MPH, Psychologist
Heather Berlin
Psychologist, PhD, MPH
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10028
As a dual-trained cognitive neuroscientist and clinical psychologist, I take a holistic approach to treatment focusing on maximizing mental health and well-being for each individual, rather than focusing on “illness”. I specialize in lifespan treatment of anxiety, mood, and impulsive and compulsive disorders with cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and humanistic approaches. By combining evidence-based psychotherapy with a deep understanding of neuroscience I give patients a unique, comprehensive perspective.
As a dual-trained cognitive neuroscientist and clinical psychologist, I take a holistic approach to treatment focusing on maximizing mental health and well-being for each individual, rather than focusing on “illness”. I specialize in lifespan treatment of anxiety, mood, and impulsive and compulsive disorders with cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and humanistic approaches. By combining evidence-based psychotherapy with a deep understanding of neuroscience I give patients a unique, comprehensive perspective.
(646) 846-4582 View (646) 846-4582
Photo of Barbara Bock, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara Bock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10024
I see a wide range of individuals, couples and families with issues as varied as relationship dissatisfaction to drug and alcohol problems. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with many years of experience, I take a holistic and collaborative approach to treatment. I work with clients to understand how familial and situational factors may be contributing to their sense of unhappiness and/or anxiety, with the goal of helping to improve their self-esteem, shift their perspectives and establish new routines and ways of thinking that create a more lasting sense of satisfaction.
I see a wide range of individuals, couples and families with issues as varied as relationship dissatisfaction to drug and alcohol problems. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with many years of experience, I take a holistic and collaborative approach to treatment. I work with clients to understand how familial and situational factors may be contributing to their sense of unhappiness and/or anxiety, with the goal of helping to improve their self-esteem, shift their perspectives and establish new routines and ways of thinking that create a more lasting sense of satisfaction.
(646) 960-3469 View (646) 960-3469
Photo of Munib S Raad, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Munib S Raad
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
New York, NY 10028  (Online Only)
We all need spaces in our lives to be seen and heard. There are times, however, when it can be hard to find those spaces of acceptance, non-judgment, and problem solving. I will work with you to explore and find solutions to the challenges that come with navigating the realities of our complicated lives. My approach in therapy focuses on each person's unique stories, strengths, and resilience, from a space of empathy, and concrete tools to move forward. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process that balances spaces of acceptance with change, which is based in cognitive & dialectical behavioral therapy (CBT) and (DBT).
We all need spaces in our lives to be seen and heard. There are times, however, when it can be hard to find those spaces of acceptance, non-judgment, and problem solving. I will work with you to explore and find solutions to the challenges that come with navigating the realities of our complicated lives. My approach in therapy focuses on each person's unique stories, strengths, and resilience, from a space of empathy, and concrete tools to move forward. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process that balances spaces of acceptance with change, which is based in cognitive & dialectical behavioral therapy (CBT) and (DBT).
(646) 793-9593 View (646) 793-9593
Photo of Gabriel Windevoxchel, MHC-LP
Gabriel Windevoxchel
MHC-LP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017  (Online Only)
I am a psychotherapist, with a trauma focus, dedicated to supporting communities of color, the LGBTQIA+ community, and individuals navigating complex identity issues, depression, grief, and pervasive trauma. My mission is to empower clients to attain optimal mental health by equipping them with effective coping strategies for daily challenges and facilitating the processing of past traumas that may impede their personal growth.
I am a psychotherapist, with a trauma focus, dedicated to supporting communities of color, the LGBTQIA+ community, and individuals navigating complex identity issues, depression, grief, and pervasive trauma. My mission is to empower clients to attain optimal mental health by equipping them with effective coping strategies for daily challenges and facilitating the processing of past traumas that may impede their personal growth.
(347) 894-2930 View (347) 894-2930
Photo of Dianne Kane, LCSW, DSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dianne Kane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DSW
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10001
If you are feeling disconnected and unhappy in your primary relationship it is possible to get "unstuck", to rekindle the connection you once felt and to feel hopeful about your future together. The most frequent signs of distress - poor communication, distancing and withdrawing, criticizing/blaming, arguments that "go no where"' can create a cycle of despair that takes over your relationship and becomes the enemy of both of you. As an Emotionally Focused Couple Therapist, I can help you recognize and change your negative cycle and create a more intimate, satisfying lasting relationship. If you are seeking individual therapy, I can help you gain greater
If you are feeling disconnected and unhappy in your primary relationship it is possible to get "unstuck", to rekindle the connection you once felt and to feel hopeful about your future together. The most frequent signs of distress - poor communication, distancing and withdrawing, criticizing/blaming, arguments that "go no where"' can create a cycle of despair that takes over your relationship and becomes the enemy of both of you. As an Emotionally Focused Couple Therapist, I can help you recognize and change your negative cycle and create a more intimate, satisfying lasting relationship. If you are seeking individual therapy, I can help you gain greater
(917) 746-8604 View (917) 746-8604
Photo of Heidi Besse, PhD, Psychologist
Heidi Besse
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
New York, NY 10155  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
People come to therapy for a variety of reasons: maybe you're feeling overwhelmed, depressed, or anxious. Perhaps you are coping with trauma, trying to make sense of a complicated relationship in your life, or are feeling stuck by a lack of change. No matter the reason, my goal is to create a warm, collaborative, and non-judgmental therapeutic environment. By utilizing humor, compassion, and supportive challenge, I hope to promote healing and foster change. Our sessions will be geared towards helping you make sense of difficult experiences and identifying patterns that don’t serve you. I commend you for taking this first step.
People come to therapy for a variety of reasons: maybe you're feeling overwhelmed, depressed, or anxious. Perhaps you are coping with trauma, trying to make sense of a complicated relationship in your life, or are feeling stuck by a lack of change. No matter the reason, my goal is to create a warm, collaborative, and non-judgmental therapeutic environment. By utilizing humor, compassion, and supportive challenge, I hope to promote healing and foster change. Our sessions will be geared towards helping you make sense of difficult experiences and identifying patterns that don’t serve you. I commend you for taking this first step.
(646) 930-9312 View (646) 930-9312
Photo of Aliyah Busgith, BA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Aliyah Busgith
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New York, NY 10017  (Online Only)
I believe in the transformative power of rewriting our internal dialogues to foster self-compassion and authenticity. I believe in my clients' innate ability to reshape their lives. With warmth, attunement, and empathy, I ensure that my clients feel deeply understood and valued throughout their journey of healing and development. I work to foster a nonjudgmental space for my clients to express themselves freely while emphasizing the importance of self-reflection and introspection. I work with clients who struggle with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, family problems, stress, grief, and trauma.
I believe in the transformative power of rewriting our internal dialogues to foster self-compassion and authenticity. I believe in my clients' innate ability to reshape their lives. With warmth, attunement, and empathy, I ensure that my clients feel deeply understood and valued throughout their journey of healing and development. I work to foster a nonjudgmental space for my clients to express themselves freely while emphasizing the importance of self-reflection and introspection. I work with clients who struggle with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, family problems, stress, grief, and trauma.
(646) 450-3064 View (646) 450-3064
Photo of Leslie Rose Vellios, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Leslie Rose Vellios
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Not Verified Not Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10001
I am a stress management expert who has combined 30 years of clinical mental heath experience with Eft to help clients make dramatic transformations in their lives. If you are stuck knowing that there is a better life for you but can't seem to get there, call me for your free clarity session. I will guide you on how to get from where you are to where you want to be. Start living a life beyond your wildest dreams .
I am a stress management expert who has combined 30 years of clinical mental heath experience with Eft to help clients make dramatic transformations in their lives. If you are stuck knowing that there is a better life for you but can't seem to get there, call me for your free clarity session. I will guide you on how to get from where you are to where you want to be. Start living a life beyond your wildest dreams .
(917) 688-2350 View (917) 688-2350
Photo of Tess Rafferty, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tess Rafferty
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
New York, NY 10011  (Online Only)
When so much feels uncertain, I am here to help you find your way from fatigue and overwhelm to peace and acceptance. The dedicated time and space of our sessions and a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic relationship will support you in creating the fulfilling relationships and experiences you are longing for. I bring my background as a mindful-living coach to my work as a therapist, and I love to support clients who are seeking to cultivate more compassion for themselves and within their relationships. I believe that everyone can benefit from therapy, no matter what is currently taking center stage in their lives.
When so much feels uncertain, I am here to help you find your way from fatigue and overwhelm to peace and acceptance. The dedicated time and space of our sessions and a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic relationship will support you in creating the fulfilling relationships and experiences you are longing for. I bring my background as a mindful-living coach to my work as a therapist, and I love to support clients who are seeking to cultivate more compassion for themselves and within their relationships. I believe that everyone can benefit from therapy, no matter what is currently taking center stage in their lives.
(646) 681-5802 View (646) 681-5802
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in New York, NY

3,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in New York, NY who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in New York, NY see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in New York?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.