Therapists in Frederick County, MD

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Photo of Jessica Metzner, LCSW-C, MEd, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Metzner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, MEd, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Frederick, MD 21703
Whether this is your first time in therapy or you are looking for a new clinician or different approach, I welcome you to explore my practice. As a Clinical Social Worker, I believe people’s lives are influenced by a multitude of factors, including their environment, childhood, culture, identities, values, and more. I am passionate about helping people live authentic, intentional, and fulfilling lives. My approach to treatment is collaborative. I strive to provide a space for my patients that is warm, open, genuine, and playful when appropriate. My specialities include gender, sexuality, intimacy, anxiety, and sense of self.
Whether this is your first time in therapy or you are looking for a new clinician or different approach, I welcome you to explore my practice. As a Clinical Social Worker, I believe people’s lives are influenced by a multitude of factors, including their environment, childhood, culture, identities, values, and more. I am passionate about helping people live authentic, intentional, and fulfilling lives. My approach to treatment is collaborative. I strive to provide a space for my patients that is warm, open, genuine, and playful when appropriate. My specialities include gender, sexuality, intimacy, anxiety, and sense of self.
(240) 650-3463 View (240) 650-3463
Photo of Ryan Defibaugh, MA, LCPC, NCC
Ryan Defibaugh
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Walkersville, MD 21793  (Online Only)
Does your child struggle with stress and anxiety? Is it difficult for him or her to make positive choices, manage emotions or perform in school? Teenagers and young adults face unique challenges in life, and it can be very overwhelming for them and you, the parent. I work with adolescents and young adults, ages 12-25, to help them understand stress and anxiety. We work together to overcome their obstacles and self-doubts; helping them focus on building positive thinking and behaviors to achieve their life goals.
Does your child struggle with stress and anxiety? Is it difficult for him or her to make positive choices, manage emotions or perform in school? Teenagers and young adults face unique challenges in life, and it can be very overwhelming for them and you, the parent. I work with adolescents and young adults, ages 12-25, to help them understand stress and anxiety. We work together to overcome their obstacles and self-doubts; helping them focus on building positive thinking and behaviors to achieve their life goals.
(301) 900-5597 View (301) 900-5597
Middleton Psychology Services
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21702
Do you feel unusually sad, angry, frustrated, or worried? Does it seem like your relationships could be healthier, less conflictual, or smoother? Are you having trouble quitting or staying off drugs, alcohol, or nicotine? Do you have disturbing thoughts, images, or nightmares? We might be able to help.
Do you feel unusually sad, angry, frustrated, or worried? Does it seem like your relationships could be healthier, less conflictual, or smoother? Are you having trouble quitting or staying off drugs, alcohol, or nicotine? Do you have disturbing thoughts, images, or nightmares? We might be able to help.
(240) 998-8211 View (240) 998-8211
Photo of Jen Sherwin, LCPC
Jen Sherwin
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21701
I have over twenty years of experience specializing in the mental health treatment of adults and adolescents. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, mood disorders, substance abuse, life transitions, infertility, pregnancy loss, postpartum depression, divorce and self-esteem issues. I have worked in numerous settings including outpatient clinics, hospitals, schools and rehab programs.
I have over twenty years of experience specializing in the mental health treatment of adults and adolescents. My areas of expertise include anxiety, depression, mood disorders, substance abuse, life transitions, infertility, pregnancy loss, postpartum depression, divorce and self-esteem issues. I have worked in numerous settings including outpatient clinics, hospitals, schools and rehab programs.
(321) 248-3910 View (321) 248-3910
Photo of Siehda Parker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Siehda Parker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
New Market, MD 21774  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Certified Social Worker-Clinical in the state of Maryland and the District of Columbia with 9 years’ of experience working with adults seeking help with Autism, depression, anxiety, life transitions, women’s issues, and relationship issues. Siehda completed her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Towson University and her Masters in Social Work from the University of Maryland Baltimore.
I am a Licensed Certified Social Worker-Clinical in the state of Maryland and the District of Columbia with 9 years’ of experience working with adults seeking help with Autism, depression, anxiety, life transitions, women’s issues, and relationship issues. Siehda completed her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Towson University and her Masters in Social Work from the University of Maryland Baltimore.
(240) 774-1850 View (240) 774-1850
Photo of Kimberly Gillette - Zen Psychological Center , LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Zen Psychological Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21702  (Online Only)
Kim firmly believe that her clients are the experts in their own lives and that she is just here to help you uncover deeper understandings and shift patterns that you have been stuck in and desire to change. She uses a person-centered, neurodivergent-affirming approach in her work with clients and she works from an intersectional lens to help them navigate both systemic, interpersonal and psychological challenges.
Kim firmly believe that her clients are the experts in their own lives and that she is just here to help you uncover deeper understandings and shift patterns that you have been stuck in and desire to change. She uses a person-centered, neurodivergent-affirming approach in her work with clients and she works from an intersectional lens to help them navigate both systemic, interpersonal and psychological challenges.
(240) 898-4770 View (240) 898-4770
Photo of Laura Levine, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Laura Levine
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Frederick, MD 21704
I understand how debilitating life can be when you have experienced trauma and/or phobias, and I don't want to see you suffer for any longer than you already have. This is why I often utilize Accelerated Resolution Therapy during counseling. ART doesn't require you to share details of your experience, and many concerns can be addressed in 3-5 sessions! Imagine being able to go to the dentist without fear, or perhaps you'd like to just experience life without anxiety constantly getting in the way. If you've been considering counseling and now feel ready to make the leap to improve your life satisfaction, I can help!
I understand how debilitating life can be when you have experienced trauma and/or phobias, and I don't want to see you suffer for any longer than you already have. This is why I often utilize Accelerated Resolution Therapy during counseling. ART doesn't require you to share details of your experience, and many concerns can be addressed in 3-5 sessions! Imagine being able to go to the dentist without fear, or perhaps you'd like to just experience life without anxiety constantly getting in the way. If you've been considering counseling and now feel ready to make the leap to improve your life satisfaction, I can help!
(240) 366-2597 View (240) 366-2597
Photo of Ebony Maynard - Healing Empowering Rebuilding, LLC, LCSW-C, PMH-C, CCATP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Healing Empowering Rebuilding, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, PMH-C, CCATP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Frederick, MD 21704  (Online Only)
Hello and thank you for considering my practice for your mental health needs. My name is Ebony Maynard, LCSW-C, PMH-C, CCATP and I am the therapist behind Healing Empowering and Rebuilding, LLC. Are you feeling broken, stressed and overwhelmed by life? Having racing thoughts and feelings of anxiety that are affecting your day to day? Struggling with low motivation, sad mood affecting your ability to complete daily tasks? Are you an expectant or new mom learning to navigate motherhood? There are many challenges in life that arise, I am ready to help you find the best way to navigate life’s daily stressors.
Hello and thank you for considering my practice for your mental health needs. My name is Ebony Maynard, LCSW-C, PMH-C, CCATP and I am the therapist behind Healing Empowering and Rebuilding, LLC. Are you feeling broken, stressed and overwhelmed by life? Having racing thoughts and feelings of anxiety that are affecting your day to day? Struggling with low motivation, sad mood affecting your ability to complete daily tasks? Are you an expectant or new mom learning to navigate motherhood? There are many challenges in life that arise, I am ready to help you find the best way to navigate life’s daily stressors.
(240) 635-8082 View (240) 635-8082
Photo of Paige Prestipino, LGPC, Counselor
Paige Prestipino
Counselor, LGPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
New Market, MD 21774  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Paige Prestipino, and I am a licensed therapist who provides evidence-based individual therapy aimed at supporting the health and healing of my clients. I work with those facing anxiety, depression, bipolar, burn-out, grief, ADHD, postpartum, and more. I assist people in working through life's challenges like difficult transitions, toxic relationships, identity development, uncertainty and low self-esteem, school/work stress, and more. I offer a safe place for people to share, process, and grow. I help others better understand themselves so they can effectively support themselves and achieve the life they want.
Hello, my name is Paige Prestipino, and I am a licensed therapist who provides evidence-based individual therapy aimed at supporting the health and healing of my clients. I work with those facing anxiety, depression, bipolar, burn-out, grief, ADHD, postpartum, and more. I assist people in working through life's challenges like difficult transitions, toxic relationships, identity development, uncertainty and low self-esteem, school/work stress, and more. I offer a safe place for people to share, process, and grow. I help others better understand themselves so they can effectively support themselves and achieve the life they want.
(301) 205-5687 View (301) 205-5687
Photo of Andrew James Campbell, Ph D , LCPC, NCC, Counselor
Andrew James Campbell
Counselor, Ph D , LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21701
I love working with clients of all backgrounds, dealing with a range of problems. Our experiences of grief, fear, pain, anxiety and depression are universal, and I believe we can all work to make the distress and suffering that we experience manageable, and eventually lead fulfilling, positive lives.
I love working with clients of all backgrounds, dealing with a range of problems. Our experiences of grief, fear, pain, anxiety and depression are universal, and I believe we can all work to make the distress and suffering that we experience manageable, and eventually lead fulfilling, positive lives.
(240) 887-1013 View (240) 887-1013
Photo of Beth Frederick, PsyD, Psychologist
Beth Frederick
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21704
I have practiced psychology for over 15 years and have worked in a variety of settings, including Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, Johns Hopkins University, and Eating Recovery Center. I have a diverse range of skills and work to personalize treatment to meet people’s needs. I practice cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). These treatments are “evidenced-based,” meaning they have been studied and demonstrated to effectively treat a variety of concerns, including depression, anxiety and eating disorders.
I have practiced psychology for over 15 years and have worked in a variety of settings, including Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, Johns Hopkins University, and Eating Recovery Center. I have a diverse range of skills and work to personalize treatment to meet people’s needs. I practice cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). These treatments are “evidenced-based,” meaning they have been studied and demonstrated to effectively treat a variety of concerns, including depression, anxiety and eating disorders.
(240) 730-2646 View (240) 730-2646
Photo of Leonard J. Anthony Jr., MA, LCPC, Counselor
Leonard J. Anthony Jr.
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Frederick, MD 21701
Anxiety can be a controlling force that keeps us from living the lives we want. I work with adults struggling with anxiety; which can look like excessive worry, self-critical thoughts, or struggling with life change. I help people acknowledge and process anxiety in a safe space at their own pace. My passion is to help people become unglued from anxiety so that they can live meaningful lives; lives that are inspired by their values and the people they care about.
Anxiety can be a controlling force that keeps us from living the lives we want. I work with adults struggling with anxiety; which can look like excessive worry, self-critical thoughts, or struggling with life change. I help people acknowledge and process anxiety in a safe space at their own pace. My passion is to help people become unglued from anxiety so that they can live meaningful lives; lives that are inspired by their values and the people they care about.
(301) 276-5196 View (301) 276-5196
Photo of Tara J Holland, LCSW-C, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tara J Holland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW
Verified Verified
New Market, MD 21774  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My favorite quote is to 'begin with the end in mind' by Stephen R. Covey. To achieve our end goal we need to know who we are and where we want to be. My goal is to help clarify who we are and to set measurable and attainable life goals. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Committment Therapy, and Narrative Therapy in my approach to helping my clients integrate their past into a meaningful present that leads to an abundant future. During our sessions we will weed out negative self-talk, establish our core values, and move towards a brighter and more meaningful future.
My favorite quote is to 'begin with the end in mind' by Stephen R. Covey. To achieve our end goal we need to know who we are and where we want to be. My goal is to help clarify who we are and to set measurable and attainable life goals. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Committment Therapy, and Narrative Therapy in my approach to helping my clients integrate their past into a meaningful present that leads to an abundant future. During our sessions we will weed out negative self-talk, establish our core values, and move towards a brighter and more meaningful future.
(240) 724-2657 View (240) 724-2657
Photo of Michael Durant, LCPC, Counselor
Michael Durant
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Frederick, MD 21702  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor and a member of the National Board of Certified Counselors. I have worked with a wide range of clients including children, pre-teens, adolescents, adults, couples, families, LGBT and trauma victims. My philosophy centers on empowering clients to discover the most effective tools that lead to alleviation of symptoms and resolution of life challenges.
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor and a member of the National Board of Certified Counselors. I have worked with a wide range of clients including children, pre-teens, adolescents, adults, couples, families, LGBT and trauma victims. My philosophy centers on empowering clients to discover the most effective tools that lead to alleviation of symptoms and resolution of life challenges.
(240) 201-9579 x1 View (240) 201-9579 x1
Photo of Meaghan Tarquinio, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meaghan Tarquinio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21701
Waitlist for new clients
Trauma affects people in unique ways. It can present as depression, anger, hopelessness, anxiety or PTSD. There is no “right way” to respond to trauma. If your life is being negatively impacted by your experiences, you are worthy of the chance to heal and make strides towards wholeness and peace. I am a trauma-informed therapist dedicated to helping individuals find their path to healing. I believe in the power of resilience and the importance of creating a safe space for you. For over a decade, I have specialized in trauma with a focus on intimate partner violence, sexual assault/abuse, and adverse childhood experiences.
Trauma affects people in unique ways. It can present as depression, anger, hopelessness, anxiety or PTSD. There is no “right way” to respond to trauma. If your life is being negatively impacted by your experiences, you are worthy of the chance to heal and make strides towards wholeness and peace. I am a trauma-informed therapist dedicated to helping individuals find their path to healing. I believe in the power of resilience and the importance of creating a safe space for you. For over a decade, I have specialized in trauma with a focus on intimate partner violence, sexual assault/abuse, and adverse childhood experiences.
(240) 802-8962 View (240) 802-8962
Photo of Pamela A H Miller, LCSW-C, RMT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Pamela A H Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, RMT
Verified Verified
Middletown, MD 21769
Are you looking for a deeper sense of contentment, well-being and maybe even putting the FUN back in your life? Through the integration of traditional talk therapy, life coaching, pragmatic somatic experiences and spiritually based mindfulness practices, you will experience a greater sense of calm and understanding of the whole self. Pam incorporates a variety of modalities individualized for each client. Encounter possibilities for change and restoration of balance leading to a heightened sense of joy. You will feel the synergistic confluence of the prepared therapeutic space and the mind body connection.
Are you looking for a deeper sense of contentment, well-being and maybe even putting the FUN back in your life? Through the integration of traditional talk therapy, life coaching, pragmatic somatic experiences and spiritually based mindfulness practices, you will experience a greater sense of calm and understanding of the whole self. Pam incorporates a variety of modalities individualized for each client. Encounter possibilities for change and restoration of balance leading to a heightened sense of joy. You will feel the synergistic confluence of the prepared therapeutic space and the mind body connection.
(240) 873-1955 View (240) 873-1955
Photo of Shahid Khan, MSW, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shahid Khan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21702
My ideal client seeks a therapist who understands the complexities of their lived experiences. They may be struggling with issues like trauma, addiction, stress, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, identity struggles, life transitions, existential concerns, or oppression. They would come to me because they need a safe, nonjudgmental space to explore their emotions and experiences, seeking personal growth, well-being, and fulfillment. They choose me for support in achieving a fulfilling life, recognizing my capacity to guide them through personal growth and empower them to access their transformative potential.
My ideal client seeks a therapist who understands the complexities of their lived experiences. They may be struggling with issues like trauma, addiction, stress, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, identity struggles, life transitions, existential concerns, or oppression. They would come to me because they need a safe, nonjudgmental space to explore their emotions and experiences, seeking personal growth, well-being, and fulfillment. They choose me for support in achieving a fulfilling life, recognizing my capacity to guide them through personal growth and empower them to access their transformative potential.
(240) 647-9519 View (240) 647-9519
Photo of Calvin Ryan, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Calvin Ryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21701
I am a strengths-based, transmasculine therapist who aims to provide a safe, welcoming, and affirming space for people to be their true selves. My approach to therapy is humanistic and centers the stories and lived experiences of my clients. I also often utilize the tenants of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) as a framework to support clients’ self-awareness and personal growth, and Motivational Interviewing (MI) to support clients with social anxiety, anxiety, depression, and navigating alcohol and substance use.
I am a strengths-based, transmasculine therapist who aims to provide a safe, welcoming, and affirming space for people to be their true selves. My approach to therapy is humanistic and centers the stories and lived experiences of my clients. I also often utilize the tenants of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) as a framework to support clients’ self-awareness and personal growth, and Motivational Interviewing (MI) to support clients with social anxiety, anxiety, depression, and navigating alcohol and substance use.
(301) 360-4349 View (301) 360-4349
Photo of Susan McGilloway, MS, LCPC, LPCC
Susan McGilloway
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21701  (Online Only)
Welcome to my world – an experience in which we engage in a unique partnership on what may be one of the most important journeys of your life. Are you feeling unloved, unappreciated, helpless, hopeless due to some unplanned reality in your life. Do you need healing from adversity such as the ending of a relationship, the loss of employment, an unexpected debilitating illness, the death of a loved one, post-partum depression. No matter what the adversity, we have resilience that lifts us up to recover from adversity, return to "normal" or create a new "normal."
Welcome to my world – an experience in which we engage in a unique partnership on what may be one of the most important journeys of your life. Are you feeling unloved, unappreciated, helpless, hopeless due to some unplanned reality in your life. Do you need healing from adversity such as the ending of a relationship, the loss of employment, an unexpected debilitating illness, the death of a loved one, post-partum depression. No matter what the adversity, we have resilience that lifts us up to recover from adversity, return to "normal" or create a new "normal."
(240) 743-3231 View (240) 743-3231
Photo of Jasmine Rivera, MS, LCPC, Counselor
Jasmine Rivera
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Frederick, MD 21702
"Emotional pain is not something that should be hidden away and never spoken about. There is truth in your pain, there is growth in your pain, but only if it's first brought out into the open" - Steven Aitchison. Life's challenges can create feelings of hopelessness, and even skew our sense of worth. You are not alone...I would love to join you on the journey towards healing and empowerment.
"Emotional pain is not something that should be hidden away and never spoken about. There is truth in your pain, there is growth in your pain, but only if it's first brought out into the open" - Steven Aitchison. Life's challenges can create feelings of hopelessness, and even skew our sense of worth. You are not alone...I would love to join you on the journey towards healing and empowerment.
(301) 396-7592 View (301) 396-7592
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See more therapy options for Frederick County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Frederick County, MD

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Frederick County, MD who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
77% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
73% Stress
72% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% BlueCross and BlueShield
73% CareFirst
67% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Frederick County, MD see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Frederick County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.