Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Amanda Large, CAADC, CCTP, Psychologist
Amanda Large
Psychologist, CAADC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19122  (Online Only)
I work alongside my clients to help them feel seen and heard, achieve their goals, and live their best possible lives. It is very important to me that I provide a place that feels safe, nonjudgmental, and supportive, which is the foundation of therapy and helps facilitate change. The goals that people work on in therapy can involve anything that is important to them- learning healthier ways to express anger, finding new ways to cope with the effects of past traumas, stabilizing mood episodes (e.g., mania, depression), maintaining and establishing sobriety, improving their relationship with themself and others, and more.
I work alongside my clients to help them feel seen and heard, achieve their goals, and live their best possible lives. It is very important to me that I provide a place that feels safe, nonjudgmental, and supportive, which is the foundation of therapy and helps facilitate change. The goals that people work on in therapy can involve anything that is important to them- learning healthier ways to express anger, finding new ways to cope with the effects of past traumas, stabilizing mood episodes (e.g., mania, depression), maintaining and establishing sobriety, improving their relationship with themself and others, and more.
(215) 607-2950 View (215) 607-2950
Photo of Anna Vresilovic, MSEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Anna Vresilovic
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Do you yearn for more connection, understanding, and intimacy in your relationships? Are you longing to feel secure and balanced in partnership, parenting, or work? My therapeutic approach will help you become the confident and caring person you strive to be, offering relief as you shed negative thought patterns and establish healthy boundaries.
Do you yearn for more connection, understanding, and intimacy in your relationships? Are you longing to feel secure and balanced in partnership, parenting, or work? My therapeutic approach will help you become the confident and caring person you strive to be, offering relief as you shed negative thought patterns and establish healthy boundaries.
(484) 897-7302 View (484) 897-7302
Photo of Justin Mendoza, LCSW, CAADC, CCTP-II, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Justin Mendoza
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAADC, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19127
I serve a diverse clientele and work really well with creatives, empaths, entrepreneurs, and the LGBTQ+ community. I typically treat anxiety, depression, trauma, and substance use, and support clients with behavior change, life stage + transitions, identity + sexuality, relationships, and career issues. I am trauma-informed, apply queer, feminist, anti-oppressive, and body/sex-positive lenses, and incorporate harm reduction principles. I also offer clinical supervision.
I serve a diverse clientele and work really well with creatives, empaths, entrepreneurs, and the LGBTQ+ community. I typically treat anxiety, depression, trauma, and substance use, and support clients with behavior change, life stage + transitions, identity + sexuality, relationships, and career issues. I am trauma-informed, apply queer, feminist, anti-oppressive, and body/sex-positive lenses, and incorporate harm reduction principles. I also offer clinical supervision.
(267) 753-8017 View (267) 753-8017
Photo of Ray Fisher, LCSW, PCC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ray Fisher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
I am skilled in working with adolescent and adult males helping them broaden their understanding of their emotions. I understand their struggle to find spaces where they can fully express themselves, and I provide a safe and helpful place in which to feel, understand, be understood, and grow. We, as individuals, and as a culture, are seeking more joy, purpose, and meaning in our lives. I believe life is about connections and relationships; relationships with friends, loved ones, co-workers, and ourselves. I use the therapeutic relationship to help teach my clients new ways to function in those relationships.
I am skilled in working with adolescent and adult males helping them broaden their understanding of their emotions. I understand their struggle to find spaces where they can fully express themselves, and I provide a safe and helpful place in which to feel, understand, be understood, and grow. We, as individuals, and as a culture, are seeking more joy, purpose, and meaning in our lives. I believe life is about connections and relationships; relationships with friends, loved ones, co-workers, and ourselves. I use the therapeutic relationship to help teach my clients new ways to function in those relationships.
(484) 992-9246 View (484) 992-9246
Photo of Anna M Fineberg, PhD, Psychologist
Anna M Fineberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Do you find that transitions trigger big emotions and make you feel scared, overwhelmed, or consumed by self-doubt? Change is hard for most people, but some of us are particularly sensitive and feel more easily unsettled by the shifting winds of life. Even wanted and planned transitions - like getting married, buying a home, getting pregnant, and having children - can trigger anxiety, depression, trauma, and grief. Unwanted and unexpected struggles like infertility, miscarriage, loss, and birth trauma can feel excruciatingly painful and isolating.
Do you find that transitions trigger big emotions and make you feel scared, overwhelmed, or consumed by self-doubt? Change is hard for most people, but some of us are particularly sensitive and feel more easily unsettled by the shifting winds of life. Even wanted and planned transitions - like getting married, buying a home, getting pregnant, and having children - can trigger anxiety, depression, trauma, and grief. Unwanted and unexpected struggles like infertility, miscarriage, loss, and birth trauma can feel excruciatingly painful and isolating.
(215) 234-1831 View (215) 234-1831
Photo of Rachel Hahn, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rachel Hahn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
I am driven by a desire to help people live more fulfilling and satisfying lives. Whether through counseling, coaching, or other forms of support, I want you to become the best version of yourself and achieve your goals and dreams. I believe that every person has unique strengths, talents, and abilities, and my goal is to help you discover and unleash these qualities to create a life of purpose and fulfillment. Helping others is my true passion, my purpose and what motivates me to always do my very best, and I feel incredibly grateful to be able to do this work every day.
I am driven by a desire to help people live more fulfilling and satisfying lives. Whether through counseling, coaching, or other forms of support, I want you to become the best version of yourself and achieve your goals and dreams. I believe that every person has unique strengths, talents, and abilities, and my goal is to help you discover and unleash these qualities to create a life of purpose and fulfillment. Helping others is my true passion, my purpose and what motivates me to always do my very best, and I feel incredibly grateful to be able to do this work every day.
(484) 749-8425 View (484) 749-8425
Photo of Joshua Gutoff, EdD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Joshua Gutoff
Pre-Licensed Professional, EdD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
If you’re here, it’s likely that that something is hurting. You may doubt if who you are is “fixable”, or if you or your relationships are even worth fixing. I have helped men and women with anxiety, depression, shame, trauma, life transitions and self-definition, and I’ve helped people with their romantic, marital, and family relationships. After decades of working with people – as a clergyman, chaplain, teacher, and now therapist – I know that each of us is more resourceful, more flexible, more worthy than we imagine, and that each of us has the capacity to live fuller, wiser, richer lives.
If you’re here, it’s likely that that something is hurting. You may doubt if who you are is “fixable”, or if you or your relationships are even worth fixing. I have helped men and women with anxiety, depression, shame, trauma, life transitions and self-definition, and I’ve helped people with their romantic, marital, and family relationships. After decades of working with people – as a clergyman, chaplain, teacher, and now therapist – I know that each of us is more resourceful, more flexible, more worthy than we imagine, and that each of us has the capacity to live fuller, wiser, richer lives.
(267) 490-4241 View (267) 490-4241
Photo of Leah Cash, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Leah Cash
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Leah Cash is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2018. She has a BA from Hampton University and an MA from Drexel University. Leah has a passion for mental health and art therapy. Her diverse background across various settings in healthcare, education, and community engagement allows her to create a safe, comfortable, and inclusive space for individuals seeking support and growth. Leah's journey into therapy was a fusion of her interest in psychology and the transformative power of art.
Leah Cash is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2018. She has a BA from Hampton University and an MA from Drexel University. Leah has a passion for mental health and art therapy. Her diverse background across various settings in healthcare, education, and community engagement allows her to create a safe, comfortable, and inclusive space for individuals seeking support and growth. Leah's journey into therapy was a fusion of her interest in psychology and the transformative power of art.
(484) 285-4998 View (484) 285-4998
Photo of Gabriel Stanziano, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Gabriel Stanziano
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
My name is Dr. Gabriel Stanziano, and I am a licensed professional counselor. My approach to therapy is rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), where I focus on helping clients identify and change unhelpful thinking patterns and behaviors. My approach to providing therapy is grounded in creating a safe, non-judgmental space where clients feel supported and understood. I help clients identify negative thought patterns and work collaboratively to develop healthier, more constructive ways of thinking and coping.
My name is Dr. Gabriel Stanziano, and I am a licensed professional counselor. My approach to therapy is rooted in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), where I focus on helping clients identify and change unhelpful thinking patterns and behaviors. My approach to providing therapy is grounded in creating a safe, non-judgmental space where clients feel supported and understood. I help clients identify negative thought patterns and work collaboratively to develop healthier, more constructive ways of thinking and coping.
(323) 643-8569 View (323) 643-8569
Photo of Timothy W Overton, PsyD, Psychologist
Timothy W Overton
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125  (Online Only)
In my practice, therapy starts with recognizing what you bring to the table. The courage and resilience that got you to this page are the tip of the iceberg of the strengths that we can leverage to help manage the challenges you are facing. My approach to therapy centers the ways we cope across different contexts of our lives. Behavioral patterns that are strengths in one area of our lives may be holding us back in others. What works in the short term can perpetuate suffering in the long term. I want to support you to cope with life's challenges by leveraging all of your strengths in a flexible way that works in any context.
In my practice, therapy starts with recognizing what you bring to the table. The courage and resilience that got you to this page are the tip of the iceberg of the strengths that we can leverage to help manage the challenges you are facing. My approach to therapy centers the ways we cope across different contexts of our lives. Behavioral patterns that are strengths in one area of our lives may be holding us back in others. What works in the short term can perpetuate suffering in the long term. I want to support you to cope with life's challenges by leveraging all of your strengths in a flexible way that works in any context.
(267) 772-5633 View (267) 772-5633
Photo of Sallee Decker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sallee Decker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
I Integrate a holistic approach to help address the physical and emotional issues that come along with stress, overwhelm, and trauma. I Integrate a holistic approach to help address the physical and emotional issues that come along with stress, overwhelm, and trauma. I will spend time helping you learn grounding techniques coping skills and mindfulness. I use a variety of modalities including CBT, mindfulness, somatic experience, nontraditional techniques, and more.
I Integrate a holistic approach to help address the physical and emotional issues that come along with stress, overwhelm, and trauma. I Integrate a holistic approach to help address the physical and emotional issues that come along with stress, overwhelm, and trauma. I will spend time helping you learn grounding techniques coping skills and mindfulness. I use a variety of modalities including CBT, mindfulness, somatic experience, nontraditional techniques, and more.
(717) 689-7190 View (717) 689-7190
Photo of Molly Hayes Wolfe, LMFT, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Molly Hayes Wolfe
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am very passionate about my work and consider it a gift to be able to help people improve their lives and wellbeing. I have over 20 years of experience in the mental health care field. I was trained early in in my career as an Addictions Counselor at Drexel University and then moved to San Francisco to complete my Masters in Counseling Psychology with a focus in Marriage and family therapy . I am trained in Cognitive behavioral therapy , Humanistic , and Mindfulness based practices . I have a very dynamic, collaborative, pragmatic approach to counseling that I tailor to the needs and preferences of each individual client.
I am very passionate about my work and consider it a gift to be able to help people improve their lives and wellbeing. I have over 20 years of experience in the mental health care field. I was trained early in in my career as an Addictions Counselor at Drexel University and then moved to San Francisco to complete my Masters in Counseling Psychology with a focus in Marriage and family therapy . I am trained in Cognitive behavioral therapy , Humanistic , and Mindfulness based practices . I have a very dynamic, collaborative, pragmatic approach to counseling that I tailor to the needs and preferences of each individual client.
(267) 609-2258 View (267) 609-2258
Photo of Meredith Hritz, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Meredith Hritz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I started my own therapeutic journey when I realized the way I had always done things was not working for me anymore, and I needed some assistance in finding a different path. So often the coping mechanisms that kept us safe in our childhoods keep us from experiencing self-acceptance and the deep and meaningful connections we long to have as adults. Whether you are exhausted by your own people pleasing, mired in self-criticism, or struggling in your relationships, you deserve a place to gain insight into how your patterns have formed and what changes can be made to live a more fulfilling life.
I started my own therapeutic journey when I realized the way I had always done things was not working for me anymore, and I needed some assistance in finding a different path. So often the coping mechanisms that kept us safe in our childhoods keep us from experiencing self-acceptance and the deep and meaningful connections we long to have as adults. Whether you are exhausted by your own people pleasing, mired in self-criticism, or struggling in your relationships, you deserve a place to gain insight into how your patterns have formed and what changes can be made to live a more fulfilling life.
(484) 214-2541 View (484) 214-2541
Photo of LeShea Green, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
LeShea Green
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Pennsylvania with a Master's in Social Work from Howard University. For the past 12 years, I have been providing mental health services in various clinical settings to a diverse client panel. For all individuals, I believe it is critical to look at the whole person, considering the mind-body connection and their environment when engaging in therapeutic services.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Pennsylvania with a Master's in Social Work from Howard University. For the past 12 years, I have been providing mental health services in various clinical settings to a diverse client panel. For all individuals, I believe it is critical to look at the whole person, considering the mind-body connection and their environment when engaging in therapeutic services.
(484) 715-8157 View (484) 715-8157
Photo of Tiffany Wagner, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tiffany Wagner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with close to 20 years of helping professional experience. My hope is as your therapist to be a breath of fresh air during this difficult time.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with close to 20 years of helping professional experience. My hope is as your therapist to be a breath of fresh air during this difficult time.
(484) 237-9439 View (484) 237-9439
Photo of Olivia Coyle, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Olivia Coyle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Welcome. I am so glad you are here. This is such a hard step to begin to look into starting your therapy journey. I am a licensed professional counselor and received my Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Shippensburg University. I have been practicing for almost 6 years.
Welcome. I am so glad you are here. This is such a hard step to begin to look into starting your therapy journey. I am a licensed professional counselor and received my Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Shippensburg University. I have been practicing for almost 6 years.
(484) 897-6238 View (484) 897-6238
Photo of Ana M Hagstrand, PsyD, Psychologist
Ana M Hagstrand
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Not accepting new clients
***NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS***Welcome to my profile. I have worked with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship problems, developmental challenges, traumatic experiences, and other significant stressors. I believe that positive change is facilitated by a safe and nonjudgmental environment where you feel comfortable to explore your feelings and seek an understanding of what is preventing you from living the life you want. My goal is to create this environment and work collaboratively with you to achieve personal growth.
***NOT CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW PATIENTS***Welcome to my profile. I have worked with individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship problems, developmental challenges, traumatic experiences, and other significant stressors. I believe that positive change is facilitated by a safe and nonjudgmental environment where you feel comfortable to explore your feelings and seek an understanding of what is preventing you from living the life you want. My goal is to create this environment and work collaboratively with you to achieve personal growth.
(215) 688-5760 View (215) 688-5760
Photo of Amy Eckendorf, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amy Eckendorf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
Hi there! I am accepting new clients and have availability this week! I enjoy working with young adults, college students, and/or queer folx who are wrestling with questions about identity encountering difficulties in relationships, navigating a transition, and/ or feeling overwhelmed by depression or anxiety. If this is you, I’d be honored to support you as you tune into yourself in a new, deeper way. I approach therapy with empathy, active listening, and genuine curiosity. My aim is to assist you in deepening your self-awareness, build confidence, and help move towards the changes you want in your life.
Hi there! I am accepting new clients and have availability this week! I enjoy working with young adults, college students, and/or queer folx who are wrestling with questions about identity encountering difficulties in relationships, navigating a transition, and/ or feeling overwhelmed by depression or anxiety. If this is you, I’d be honored to support you as you tune into yourself in a new, deeper way. I approach therapy with empathy, active listening, and genuine curiosity. My aim is to assist you in deepening your self-awareness, build confidence, and help move towards the changes you want in your life.
(814) 904-7992 View (814) 904-7992
Photo of Vicky Lyon, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Vicky Lyon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19118
I am a pre-licensed therapist offering virtual sessions from Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. I can also see a limited number of clients in person in Elkins Park and Central City Philadelphia; in time I hope to have more in person options. I like to work with individuals to help them to develop a stronger sense of who they are, their priorities and values, to grow their relationships and connections, and to have the resilience and tools to cope with all the challenges of life from social anxiety to grief to trauma. I believe the past informs how we grow but I like to focus on building the future.
I am a pre-licensed therapist offering virtual sessions from Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. I can also see a limited number of clients in person in Elkins Park and Central City Philadelphia; in time I hope to have more in person options. I like to work with individuals to help them to develop a stronger sense of who they are, their priorities and values, to grow their relationships and connections, and to have the resilience and tools to cope with all the challenges of life from social anxiety to grief to trauma. I believe the past informs how we grow but I like to focus on building the future.
(215) 267-5637 View (215) 267-5637
Photo of Melissa Brown, LCP, Psychologist
Melissa Brown
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
My name is Melissa M Brown, Psy.D., Licensed Psychologist in Pennsylvania. I recognize seeking therapy can be a significant step in taking control of your life's journey, so I provide an empathetic and supportive environment to help you grow. I utilize an integrated approach in my practice, drawing upon client-centered, psychodynamic, and CBT-based modalities. My approach to therapy is one driven by the client and what their needs are, based on the goals. I draw upon several different modalities to help clients develop a deeper understanding of the "why" and ensure they are moving forward.
My name is Melissa M Brown, Psy.D., Licensed Psychologist in Pennsylvania. I recognize seeking therapy can be a significant step in taking control of your life's journey, so I provide an empathetic and supportive environment to help you grow. I utilize an integrated approach in my practice, drawing upon client-centered, psychodynamic, and CBT-based modalities. My approach to therapy is one driven by the client and what their needs are, based on the goals. I draw upon several different modalities to help clients develop a deeper understanding of the "why" and ensure they are moving forward.
(724) 686-4607 View (724) 686-4607
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$149

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
61% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

55% Online Only
45% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.