Spirituality Therapists in Milledgeville, GA

Photo of Dedra Joan Harvell, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dedra Joan Harvell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milledgeville, GA 31061
At A Better You Integrated Health & Counseling, LLC, every therapist has their specialties. If you are seeking therapy for grief and trauma that has happened recently, in the past, or if you are going through a current crisis now; am the therapist for you. The death of a loved one, loss of a child, physical, sexual, or mental abuse, loss of a job, a recent divorce, or any other crisis or traumatic event can be hard to navigate and process through.
At A Better You Integrated Health & Counseling, LLC, every therapist has their specialties. If you are seeking therapy for grief and trauma that has happened recently, in the past, or if you are going through a current crisis now; am the therapist for you. The death of a loved one, loss of a child, physical, sexual, or mental abuse, loss of a job, a recent divorce, or any other crisis or traumatic event can be hard to navigate and process through.
(478) 241-5316 View (478) 241-5316
Photo of Shaquenna Baker, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shaquenna Baker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Milledgeville, GA 31061
Hello, I am Shaqueena. Are you tired of being tired? Do you feel that no one understands your situation or that no one can relate? Are you unsure if therapy is right for you? If you are here, then that means that you are ready and motivated to make some changes in your life. Seeking help can sometimes be tough, which is why I believe that we all experience things in our life that goes beyond our ability to cope and when that happens we need a little more assistance.
Hello, I am Shaqueena. Are you tired of being tired? Do you feel that no one understands your situation or that no one can relate? Are you unsure if therapy is right for you? If you are here, then that means that you are ready and motivated to make some changes in your life. Seeking help can sometimes be tough, which is why I believe that we all experience things in our life that goes beyond our ability to cope and when that happens we need a little more assistance.
(470) 748-2181 View (470) 748-2181
Photo of Brittany M McCullar, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Brittany M McCullar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Milledgeville, GA 31061  (Online Only)
Hi, my name is Brittany McCullar. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor in Georgia. I have professional experience in serving a diverse population of adults and adolescents in private practice/outpatient settings as well as community mental health work. I have a Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a Bachelor's in Psychology. My ideal client may struggle with symptoms of depression, anxiety, have trauma/complex trauma, may be experiencing grief, and/ or have difficulty adjusting and managing stress.
Hi, my name is Brittany McCullar. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor in Georgia. I have professional experience in serving a diverse population of adults and adolescents in private practice/outpatient settings as well as community mental health work. I have a Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a Bachelor's in Psychology. My ideal client may struggle with symptoms of depression, anxiety, have trauma/complex trauma, may be experiencing grief, and/ or have difficulty adjusting and managing stress.
(478) 280-9025 View (478) 280-9025
Photo of John H Heil, MS, Counselor
John H Heil
Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Milledgeville, GA 31061
Person-centered counselor committed to creating a safe space for empowering clients to heal, reflect, and make informed life choices. Discerning and objective counselor that empathizes, supports, and advocates for clients, using an array of approaches that are individualized, resulting in the most effective treatment plan. I help clients develop healthy life skills, coping tools true to self lives. Experienced in working with clients from a variety of cultural backgrounds dealing with a broad range of conditions.
Person-centered counselor committed to creating a safe space for empowering clients to heal, reflect, and make informed life choices. Discerning and objective counselor that empathizes, supports, and advocates for clients, using an array of approaches that are individualized, resulting in the most effective treatment plan. I help clients develop healthy life skills, coping tools true to self lives. Experienced in working with clients from a variety of cultural backgrounds dealing with a broad range of conditions.
(478) 721-1003 View (478) 721-1003
Photo of Katie Cowan, PsyD, Psychologist
Katie Cowan
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Milledgeville, GA 31061
Waitlist for new clients
People seek therapy for a variety of reasons - for personal growth, to address painful feelings such as anxiety or depression, or to improve the quality of relationships. Many people also find therapy helpful during times of stress, transition, illness, or loss. I provide a confidential, safe, and supportive place for my clients to grow, change, and improve their quality of life. I work with adults and adolescents individually.
People seek therapy for a variety of reasons - for personal growth, to address painful feelings such as anxiety or depression, or to improve the quality of relationships. Many people also find therapy helpful during times of stress, transition, illness, or loss. I provide a confidential, safe, and supportive place for my clients to grow, change, and improve their quality of life. I work with adults and adolescents individually.
(404) 418-6359 View (404) 418-6359
Photo of Alicia M Gregory, LMFT, CDWF-Ca, RYT-200, Marriage & Family Therapist
Alicia M Gregory
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CDWF-Ca, RYT-200
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Milledgeville, GA 31061
Welcome! My name is Alicia Gregory and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist located in Gray, Ga. I specialize in working with Individuals, Couples, Families, and Adolescents. Feel free to call with further inquiry anytime and I will return your call promptly. I look forward to working with you and your family!
Welcome! My name is Alicia Gregory and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist located in Gray, Ga. I specialize in working with Individuals, Couples, Families, and Adolescents. Feel free to call with further inquiry anytime and I will return your call promptly. I look forward to working with you and your family!
(478) 273-0934 View (478) 273-0934
Photo of Wayne Hardy Welch - Wayne H Welch, LCSW, MSW, LCSW, AAMFT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Wayne H Welch, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, AAMFT
Verified Verified
Milledgeville, GA 31061
I bring to my practice many years of experience in psychotherapy on a wide array of issues; Whatever the issues I bring no judgment, and a commitment to an empathic alliance with you to face your unique challenges. I see a limited number of clients which affords you greater attention and flexibility of scheduling. I hope you will call so we can explore working together.
I bring to my practice many years of experience in psychotherapy on a wide array of issues; Whatever the issues I bring no judgment, and a commitment to an empathic alliance with you to face your unique challenges. I see a limited number of clients which affords you greater attention and flexibility of scheduling. I hope you will call so we can explore working together.
(478) 217-3548 View (478) 217-3548
Photo of Emily H Newberry, LPC, CPCS, CCH, Licensed Professional Counselor
Emily H Newberry
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CPCS, CCH
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Milledgeville, GA 31061
Hi there! My name is Emily Newberry. I became a licensed professional counselor in 2001 but have been working with individuals and families for 25 years. I invite you to explore my website for more information about my experience and the services that I provide. From there, you can request an appointment or send me a message with any questions that you might have. My primary population that I serve is adults 18-64. However, I will work with children and adolescents who are experiencing obsessive compulsive symptoms, as long as parents are willing to be strongly involved in the therapeutic process.
Hi there! My name is Emily Newberry. I became a licensed professional counselor in 2001 but have been working with individuals and families for 25 years. I invite you to explore my website for more information about my experience and the services that I provide. From there, you can request an appointment or send me a message with any questions that you might have. My primary population that I serve is adults 18-64. However, I will work with children and adolescents who are experiencing obsessive compulsive symptoms, as long as parents are willing to be strongly involved in the therapeutic process.
(478) 220-7233 View (478) 220-7233
Photo of Karen Poyser- Navratil, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Karen Poyser- Navratil
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Milledgeville, GA 31061  (Online Only)
Karen Poyser-Navratil is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of Florida, North Carolina and Georgia. She obtained her PhD in Mind Body Medicine with a specialization in Integrative Mental Health from Saybrook University. Karen has a Master’s Degree in Social Work from Barry University, as well as a Master’s Degree in Public Administration and a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration from Nova Southeastern University. She received her certification as an Integrative Nutrition Health
Karen Poyser-Navratil is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of Florida, North Carolina and Georgia. She obtained her PhD in Mind Body Medicine with a specialization in Integrative Mental Health from Saybrook University. Karen has a Master’s Degree in Social Work from Barry University, as well as a Master’s Degree in Public Administration and a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration from Nova Southeastern University. She received her certification as an Integrative Nutrition Health
(706) 420-5201 View (706) 420-5201
Photo of Dennis Moore, MA, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dennis Moore
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milledgeville, GA 31061
Feeling "stuck"? Maybe you're struggling with painful experiences from the past, relationship issues, or difficult transitions in life. And although you believe change is possible, it seems harder and harder to realize. You have what it takes, you may just need a guide to help make it happen. I’m Dennis, and I work best with clients who value empowerment, open-mindedness, and a growth mindset. If you're ready to move toward sustainable change with confidence & purpose, then I'm ready to help you.
Feeling "stuck"? Maybe you're struggling with painful experiences from the past, relationship issues, or difficult transitions in life. And although you believe change is possible, it seems harder and harder to realize. You have what it takes, you may just need a guide to help make it happen. I’m Dennis, and I work best with clients who value empowerment, open-mindedness, and a growth mindset. If you're ready to move toward sustainable change with confidence & purpose, then I'm ready to help you.
(478) 777-5388 View (478) 777-5388

Online Therapists

Photo of Teressa Mathurin, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Teressa Mathurin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Decatur, GA 30034  (Online Only)
Some of my experience includes, spirituality, LGBTQIA+, depression, anxiety, self-esteem concerns, anger management, stress management and communication/relationship difficulties, just to name a few.
I am a native of Atlanta, GA and have over 18+ years’ experience in the counseling field As a therapist, I engage and educate my clients on how their thoughts and feelings truly have correlation with the actions they exhibit and symptoms they experience. I believe, if a person can learn/create healthy coping mechanisms such as, thought stopping techniques, positive self-talk, meditation, self-regulation, and mindfulness living, then change can certainly occur. I normally incorporate digital learning by assigning lessons, exercises, and homework between scheduled sessions.
Some of my experience includes, spirituality, LGBTQIA+, depression, anxiety, self-esteem concerns, anger management, stress management and communication/relationship difficulties, just to name a few.
I am a native of Atlanta, GA and have over 18+ years’ experience in the counseling field As a therapist, I engage and educate my clients on how their thoughts and feelings truly have correlation with the actions they exhibit and symptoms they experience. I believe, if a person can learn/create healthy coping mechanisms such as, thought stopping techniques, positive self-talk, meditation, self-regulation, and mindfulness living, then change can certainly occur. I normally incorporate digital learning by assigning lessons, exercises, and homework between scheduled sessions.
(470) 229-3456 View (470) 229-3456
Photo of Ariel G Smith - White Diamond Counseling Consulting Coaching, LLC, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
White Diamond Counseling Consulting Coaching, LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Loganville, GA 30052
Along with CBT, REBT, Person Centered and several other therapeutic interventions, I also offer Christian Counseling as a great integration to meet the needs of individuals, couples, and families who view their faith and spirituality as building blocks to health, wellness, wholeness, and happiness.
I am eager to help those who feel there is no way they can help themselves. Sometimes it’s a matter of changing one’s mindset and eventually unpleasant behavior will respond in kind. Thought patterns, and/or self-defeating cycles will also begin to change. I believe there is no situation or circumstance too far from help and hope. I am an encourager and believe that empowerment is fundamental in any journey of our lives.
Along with CBT, REBT, Person Centered and several other therapeutic interventions, I also offer Christian Counseling as a great integration to meet the needs of individuals, couples, and families who view their faith and spirituality as building blocks to health, wellness, wholeness, and happiness.
I am eager to help those who feel there is no way they can help themselves. Sometimes it’s a matter of changing one’s mindset and eventually unpleasant behavior will respond in kind. Thought patterns, and/or self-defeating cycles will also begin to change. I believe there is no situation or circumstance too far from help and hope. I am an encourager and believe that empowerment is fundamental in any journey of our lives.
(678) 336-7114 View (678) 336-7114
Photo of Susan Spissman, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Susan Spissman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roswell, GA 30076
This can be further complicated by their Christian upbringing, and not knowing how to reconcile success with spirituality.
Hi, I'm Susan Spissman. I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor since 2014, but knew I wanted to be a counselor since the age of ten. I've helped hundreds of clients thrive in life and business with solution-focused tools, and I am committed to equipping you to do the same. My approach is geared towards high-achieving individuals who are driven to succeed. They often struggle with burnout, work/life balance, high levels of stress/anxiety, perfectionism, fear of failure, self-doubt, and performance mentality.
This can be further complicated by their Christian upbringing, and not knowing how to reconcile success with spirituality.
Hi, I'm Susan Spissman. I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor since 2014, but knew I wanted to be a counselor since the age of ten. I've helped hundreds of clients thrive in life and business with solution-focused tools, and I am committed to equipping you to do the same. My approach is geared towards high-achieving individuals who are driven to succeed. They often struggle with burnout, work/life balance, high levels of stress/anxiety, perfectionism, fear of failure, self-doubt, and performance mentality.
(678) 270-2326 View (678) 270-2326
Photo of Gabbie Perez, MA, MS, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Gabbie Perez
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30324
I'm passionate about helping those with Borderline Personality Disorder, and enjoy exploring spirituality and mindfulness in sessions.
I believe that as we go about living our lives, we are simultaneously telling our story. This story is narrated by our minds, based on our thoughts and emotions, and these thoughts and emotions in turn powerfully shape our behaviors, experiences, and quality of life. Our mind has the potential to be a great ally in helping us live the life we want to live, but we often get stuck in habitual patterns of thoughts and interactions with others that cause us pain and suffering. You have many strengths & resources, but something in your life isn't working. Therapy is a space to gain insight and the skills you need to make lasting changes.
I'm passionate about helping those with Borderline Personality Disorder, and enjoy exploring spirituality and mindfulness in sessions.
I believe that as we go about living our lives, we are simultaneously telling our story. This story is narrated by our minds, based on our thoughts and emotions, and these thoughts and emotions in turn powerfully shape our behaviors, experiences, and quality of life. Our mind has the potential to be a great ally in helping us live the life we want to live, but we often get stuck in habitual patterns of thoughts and interactions with others that cause us pain and suffering. You have many strengths & resources, but something in your life isn't working. Therapy is a space to gain insight and the skills you need to make lasting changes.
(470) 458-9642 View (470) 458-9642
Photo of Chena Blanchard, LPC, MFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Chena Blanchard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MFT
Verified Verified
Fayetteville, GA 30214  (Online Only)
I support individuals in the areas of: emotion regulation, coping skills, anger management, communication, parenting, spirituality, behavior issues, self-esteem, trauma, and post-traumatic stress.
I count it a privilege to work with individuals who desire to create opportunities for positive change in their lives. I believe this begins with determining personal values and realistic outcomes. I assist individuals in identifying small action steps that can be implemented to achieve results. Change is inevitable in life. Learning how to respond in healthy ways to life events and how to interact with others are key to establishing a well-balanced life.
I support individuals in the areas of: emotion regulation, coping skills, anger management, communication, parenting, spirituality, behavior issues, self-esteem, trauma, and post-traumatic stress.
I count it a privilege to work with individuals who desire to create opportunities for positive change in their lives. I believe this begins with determining personal values and realistic outcomes. I assist individuals in identifying small action steps that can be implemented to achieve results. Change is inevitable in life. Learning how to respond in healthy ways to life events and how to interact with others are key to establishing a well-balanced life.
(678) 726-1328 View (678) 726-1328
Photo of Darlene Rosario, LPC , NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Darlene Rosario
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , NCC
Verified Verified
Atlanta, GA 30327  (Online Only)
If you find yourself constantly in survival mode, struggling with your daily life, and feeling disconnected from your sense of self, I can help. As a specialist in working with adults who face challenges such as mood disorders, trauma, anxiety, depression, spirituality, and psychosis, I offer a warm and nonjudgmental approach to therapy. My goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where you can freely explore your emotions, gain self-awareness, and develop effective strategies for personal growth.
If you find yourself constantly in survival mode, struggling with your daily life, and feeling disconnected from your sense of self, I can help. As a specialist in working with adults who face challenges such as mood disorders, trauma, anxiety, depression, spirituality, and psychosis, I offer a warm and nonjudgmental approach to therapy. My goal is to create a safe and supportive environment where you can freely explore your emotions, gain self-awareness, and develop effective strategies for personal growth.
(678) 839-9969 View (678) 839-9969
Photo of Dwayne Colson, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dwayne Colson
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Dacula, GA 30019  (Online Only)
I have worked with clients with various concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, trauma, abuse, and spirituality.
My therapy style is an integrated approach. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I believe you treat a person, not a condition. My method integrates cognitive-behavioral therapy, rational-emotive therapy, mindfulness, and solution-focused models. I will tailor your treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. I hope to sow freedom from mental illness and/or addictions for those I serve. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Georgia with over 15 years of experience working in the Mental Health field.
I have worked with clients with various concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, trauma, abuse, and spirituality.
My therapy style is an integrated approach. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I believe you treat a person, not a condition. My method integrates cognitive-behavioral therapy, rational-emotive therapy, mindfulness, and solution-focused models. I will tailor your treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. I hope to sow freedom from mental illness and/or addictions for those I serve. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Georgia with over 15 years of experience working in the Mental Health field.
(470) 888-8647 View (470) 888-8647
Photo of Mary Anna Brown, MA, LPC, Counselor
Mary Anna Brown
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Marietta, GA 30060
I specialize in depression, anxiety, perfectionism, adolescents and teens, self-esteem, family issues, self-compassion, spirituality, career counseling, and women’s issues.
Are you having a hard time finding joy in your life? As human beings we all face different challenges that may lead us to seek growth and healing. Therapy is a place where you learn to grieve, take an honest look at your relationships, and feel your feelings. My goal as a therapist is to help you accomplish your goals, process trauma, practice compassion towards yourself and others, live free, and understand yourself and those around you. I believe you are the expert in your own life and I am here to guide you.
I specialize in depression, anxiety, perfectionism, adolescents and teens, self-esteem, family issues, self-compassion, spirituality, career counseling, and women’s issues.
Are you having a hard time finding joy in your life? As human beings we all face different challenges that may lead us to seek growth and healing. Therapy is a place where you learn to grieve, take an honest look at your relationships, and feel your feelings. My goal as a therapist is to help you accomplish your goals, process trauma, practice compassion towards yourself and others, live free, and understand yourself and those around you. I believe you are the expert in your own life and I am here to guide you.
(678) 255-8430 View (678) 255-8430
Photo of Brooke D. Sitzmann-McLoughlin, PsyD, Psychologist
Brooke D. Sitzmann-McLoughlin
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Grayson, GA 30017
I work with most life issues including, but not limited to, self-growth, depression, anxiety, relationship and family problems, spirituality, cutting, adoption, trauma, loss, ADHD, adolescent and family concerns, eating concerns, college transition, retirement transition, and bipolar disorder.
I view my clients as fellow human beings in search of some type of change. For one reason or another, they feel stuck or unable to get where they want. Together we work towards growth by identifying the issues involved, establishing hopes and goals, and increasing awareness of recurring patterns that maintain dysfunction. I find that often these patterns were somehow adaptive, but are now "outdated" for life's current situation. As awareness of one's desires, perceptions, fears, and strengths increase, doors often begin to open. There are more options and more opportunities for change and connection with others.
I work with most life issues including, but not limited to, self-growth, depression, anxiety, relationship and family problems, spirituality, cutting, adoption, trauma, loss, ADHD, adolescent and family concerns, eating concerns, college transition, retirement transition, and bipolar disorder.
I view my clients as fellow human beings in search of some type of change. For one reason or another, they feel stuck or unable to get where they want. Together we work towards growth by identifying the issues involved, establishing hopes and goals, and increasing awareness of recurring patterns that maintain dysfunction. I find that often these patterns were somehow adaptive, but are now "outdated" for life's current situation. As awareness of one's desires, perceptions, fears, and strengths increase, doors often begin to open. There are more options and more opportunities for change and connection with others.
(678) 509-2324 View (678) 509-2324
Photo of Betsy Frasier, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Betsy Frasier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Decatur, GA 30030
In my work with clients, I incorporate humor, spirituality and creativity, and use techniques that increase our awareness of mind/body interactions, and how thoughts impact our emotional and physical health.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years experience in the area of adult mental health. My approach to therapy emphasizes a genuine presence and warmth. I believe deep listening and presence establish a bond between client and therapist that must be present before theory or technique can be effective. I believe that bearing compassionate witness to others stories can lessen despair, increase trust, and create a safe place for the healing process to begin. I have interest and experience in grief work, persistent anxiety/depression, problems that follow traumatic events or abuse, and helping with life transitions.
In my work with clients, I incorporate humor, spirituality and creativity, and use techniques that increase our awareness of mind/body interactions, and how thoughts impact our emotional and physical health.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years experience in the area of adult mental health. My approach to therapy emphasizes a genuine presence and warmth. I believe deep listening and presence establish a bond between client and therapist that must be present before theory or technique can be effective. I believe that bearing compassionate witness to others stories can lessen despair, increase trust, and create a safe place for the healing process to begin. I have interest and experience in grief work, persistent anxiety/depression, problems that follow traumatic events or abuse, and helping with life transitions.
(404) 369-2111 View (404) 369-2111

See more therapy options for Milledgeville

Spirituality Therapists

What should I expect from therapy that incorporates a focus on spirituality?

Spirituality can mean different things to different individuals, depending on their experiences, beliefs, and life histories. Some individuals focus on strengthening their belief system, while others experience spirituality in secular ways, such as through meditation, yoga, or by spending time in nature. Clients can expect a therapist to help guide and grow their spirituality through any of these techniques, encouraging the individual to cope with the challenges they face and develop strategies to build resilience and purpose to improve their outlook in life.

What are the most common treatments that include spirituality?

There are several treatments that incorporate spirituality. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) helps a person examine and reframe their negative thoughts and behaviors. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focuses on emotional acceptance and psychological flexibility. Existential therapy is most often used to address anxiety, depression, grief, loneliness, apathy, despair, questions of identity, and feelings of purposelessness and existential dread. Transpersonal therapy focuses on a client’s spirituality and meaning in life and may incorporate techniques including meditation, visualization, hypnotherapy, dream analysis, and or breathwork.

Can therapy incorporating spirituality help atheistic or agnostic individuals?

Yes. For non-believers, spirituality can offer benefits including a greater sense of connection to others and to the natural world. An interest in spirituality may also spur individuals to pursue mindfulness practices, or to contemplate their purpose in life and how to achieve it.

How effective is spirituality as a therapeutic remedy?

​​Research suggests spirituality is generally beneficial for individuals. It is correlated with better health habits, such as less substance use, and an improved capacity to cope with stress and other mental health challenges. Increased spirituality can lead individuals to become more empathic and less materialistic, as well.