Therapists in Volusia County, FL

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Photo of Earnie 'doc' Fingers, MA, PhD
Earnie 'doc' Fingers
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Daytona Beach, FL 32114
I am Earnie, a Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern. My practice is firmly grounded in evidence-based approaches, guided by the DSM-5 for comprehensive assessment, clinical diagnosis, and the development of tailored treatment plans and interventions. I am fully committed to creating a professional and empathetic environment where clients can confidently work toward their mental health goals. My goal is to empower clients to become informed advocates for their own mental health. Whether addressing anxiety, depression, burnout, life transitions, trauma, or performance-related issues, thorough psychoeducation is critical.
I am Earnie, a Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern. My practice is firmly grounded in evidence-based approaches, guided by the DSM-5 for comprehensive assessment, clinical diagnosis, and the development of tailored treatment plans and interventions. I am fully committed to creating a professional and empathetic environment where clients can confidently work toward their mental health goals. My goal is to empower clients to become informed advocates for their own mental health. Whether addressing anxiety, depression, burnout, life transitions, trauma, or performance-related issues, thorough psychoeducation is critical.
(386) 210-1700 View (386) 210-1700
Photo of Dr. Bradley McKibben, NCC, BC-TMH
Dr. Bradley McKibben
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Deltona, FL 32725
Dr. McKibben has experience in outpatient and inpatient mental health, cancer center, hospital, church-based, and addiction recovery settings. He is also a professor and researcher with 8 years of experience teaching and supervising counselors-in-training. He specializes in individual and couple therapy, and he is lgbtgeqiap+ allied. He has received advanced training in emotionally focused therapy for couples and is working toward certification in this approach. He is also a certified Prepare/Enrich Facilitator, a widely researched program to help couples understand and strengthen their relationship.
Dr. McKibben has experience in outpatient and inpatient mental health, cancer center, hospital, church-based, and addiction recovery settings. He is also a professor and researcher with 8 years of experience teaching and supervising counselors-in-training. He specializes in individual and couple therapy, and he is lgbtgeqiap+ allied. He has received advanced training in emotionally focused therapy for couples and is working toward certification in this approach. He is also a certified Prepare/Enrich Facilitator, a widely researched program to help couples understand and strengthen their relationship.
(386) 388-6120 View (386) 388-6120
Photo of Anita K. Sanz, PhD, Psychologist
Anita K. Sanz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Deland, FL 32720
Waitlist for new clients
The person I'm most successful working with is someone interested in learning something about themselves and finding new ways to approach their problems...a willingness to try something different to be able to see something different manifest in their life. Feeling stuck is an awful feeling and I work hard with you to see change happen as quickly as possible. I specialize in treating chronic health conditions, mood and anxiety disorders, ADHD, adult autism, and burnout among many other issues. I use a teamwork approach so we co-create the therapy work together.
The person I'm most successful working with is someone interested in learning something about themselves and finding new ways to approach their problems...a willingness to try something different to be able to see something different manifest in their life. Feeling stuck is an awful feeling and I work hard with you to see change happen as quickly as possible. I specialize in treating chronic health conditions, mood and anxiety disorders, ADHD, adult autism, and burnout among many other issues. I use a teamwork approach so we co-create the therapy work together.
(386) 868-4165 View (386) 868-4165
Photo of Julie M Cardello, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julie M Cardello
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Daytona Beach, FL 32114
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, or disordered eating? Do you find it difficult to relax or unwind? We live in a world that can often be chaotic and overwhelming. Many people are finding it difficult to find comfort, belonging, or meaning in their lives. Most of us want to thrive and live a fulfilling life but struggle with various barriers to finding this kind of contentment.
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety, or disordered eating? Do you find it difficult to relax or unwind? We live in a world that can often be chaotic and overwhelming. Many people are finding it difficult to find comfort, belonging, or meaning in their lives. Most of us want to thrive and live a fulfilling life but struggle with various barriers to finding this kind of contentment.
(386) 854-3720 View (386) 854-3720
Photo of David Shoots - David Shoots Counseling Services, LLC, LCSW, DDiv, CPT, IBCT, QS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Shoots Counseling Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DDiv, CPT, IBCT, QS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Port Orange, FL 32127
Welcome to my page! I am David Shoots, an LCSW, DDiv and a Qualified Supervisor for MHC and CSW. I have spent the past 26 years working with Trauma, anxiety, self esteem, Couples and Veterans. I have a deep commitment in working with all of my clients with fidelity and compassion. I am committed to providing my clients the highest quality of care using best practices to impact those suffering from severe emotional issues, hopelessness, anxiety, depression and isolation. I am nationally trained in Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Functional Family Therapy (FFT) and Integrative Behavioral Couple's Therapy (IBCT).
Welcome to my page! I am David Shoots, an LCSW, DDiv and a Qualified Supervisor for MHC and CSW. I have spent the past 26 years working with Trauma, anxiety, self esteem, Couples and Veterans. I have a deep commitment in working with all of my clients with fidelity and compassion. I am committed to providing my clients the highest quality of care using best practices to impact those suffering from severe emotional issues, hopelessness, anxiety, depression and isolation. I am nationally trained in Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Functional Family Therapy (FFT) and Integrative Behavioral Couple's Therapy (IBCT).
(386) 401-5121 View (386) 401-5121
Photo of Marilyn DeLuera, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marilyn DeLuera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Port Orange, FL 32127
What do you want from life? What questions would you like answered? How would you like to be? If your life were a flower, would you have the courage, would you take the risk to push the bud open and blossom? Like plants grow, you can grow! Change is possible! My preferred areas of therapy are: (1) Childhood trauma, PTSD and Relationships. (2) Co-Dependence, Independence & Self Esteem, (3) Senior issues, Life Integration & Ending Thoughts.
What do you want from life? What questions would you like answered? How would you like to be? If your life were a flower, would you have the courage, would you take the risk to push the bud open and blossom? Like plants grow, you can grow! Change is possible! My preferred areas of therapy are: (1) Childhood trauma, PTSD and Relationships. (2) Co-Dependence, Independence & Self Esteem, (3) Senior issues, Life Integration & Ending Thoughts.
(386) 855-8973 View (386) 855-8973
Photo of Elizabeth Nelson, LMHC, LPC, LPCMHSP, Counselor
Elizabeth Nelson
Counselor, LMHC, LPC, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Deltona, FL 32738  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Liz, and I'm not your average therapist. I am multi state licensed as a Mental Health Counselor. I offer virtual counseling to clients in Florida, Indiana, Georgia and Tennessee. With a decade of experience in the field, I've developed a niche in the addiction recovery, grief and loss, and Military/Veteran/LEO communities. I use a variety of evidence-based therapies to help you work through anxiety, depression, and other mental health struggles.
Hello! My name is Liz, and I'm not your average therapist. I am multi state licensed as a Mental Health Counselor. I offer virtual counseling to clients in Florida, Indiana, Georgia and Tennessee. With a decade of experience in the field, I've developed a niche in the addiction recovery, grief and loss, and Military/Veteran/LEO communities. I use a variety of evidence-based therapies to help you work through anxiety, depression, and other mental health struggles.
(386) 223-0641 View (386) 223-0641
Photo of Mary Bernard, MS, LMHC
Mary Bernard
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Deland, FL 32720
Whether you are struggling in your important relationships, trying to cope with the impact of past trauma, or exploring questions of meaning and identity, searching for a therapist is a courageous step toward building the life you've been wishing for. I especially enjoy working with adolescents and adults, and am here to support you as a fellow traveler on the journey toward a better life. I offer a place to explore your questions, hopes, struggles, and joys in the context of a safe, connected relationship free of judgment. I invest my time outside of our sessions in training and research to ensure I am offering you what works.
Whether you are struggling in your important relationships, trying to cope with the impact of past trauma, or exploring questions of meaning and identity, searching for a therapist is a courageous step toward building the life you've been wishing for. I especially enjoy working with adolescents and adults, and am here to support you as a fellow traveler on the journey toward a better life. I offer a place to explore your questions, hopes, struggles, and joys in the context of a safe, connected relationship free of judgment. I invest my time outside of our sessions in training and research to ensure I am offering you what works.
(407) 573-7121 View (407) 573-7121
Photo of Mark Gruber, LMHC, Counselor
Mark Gruber
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Ormond Beach, FL 32174
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, Certified Addiction Professional, and Qualified Supervisor. I have over 20 years of counseling experience working with diverse populations including at-risk youth, and juvenile delinquents, and over the past several years, I have worked mostly in adult substance abuse treatment. I also identify with and specialize in working with LGBT persons. I am skilled at treating anxiety, depression, family of origin issues, and career and relationship issues as well.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor, Certified Addiction Professional, and Qualified Supervisor. I have over 20 years of counseling experience working with diverse populations including at-risk youth, and juvenile delinquents, and over the past several years, I have worked mostly in adult substance abuse treatment. I also identify with and specialize in working with LGBT persons. I am skilled at treating anxiety, depression, family of origin issues, and career and relationship issues as well.
(786) 648-7960 View (786) 648-7960
Photo of John Watts, LCSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
John Watts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Daytona Beach, FL 32124  (Online Only)
I am a LCSW, licensed psychotherapist with 20 years of experience, and 25 years social services/ministries outreach, providing individual and family therapy by utilizing a strengths-based, collaborative, holistic approach, allowing me to gain a clearer sense of my client's mental, emotional, social and spiritual needs, and finding viable and alternative solutions to reach a more balanced and optimal level of coping/functioning. I endeavor to conduct psychotherapy with individuals who are challenged with a crisis, substance abuse/addictions, dual diagnosis, and related codependency issues; relationships, depression, grief, and loss.
I am a LCSW, licensed psychotherapist with 20 years of experience, and 25 years social services/ministries outreach, providing individual and family therapy by utilizing a strengths-based, collaborative, holistic approach, allowing me to gain a clearer sense of my client's mental, emotional, social and spiritual needs, and finding viable and alternative solutions to reach a more balanced and optimal level of coping/functioning. I endeavor to conduct psychotherapy with individuals who are challenged with a crisis, substance abuse/addictions, dual diagnosis, and related codependency issues; relationships, depression, grief, and loss.
(954) 287-0823 View (954) 287-0823
Photo of Allison Pilliod, Pre-Licensed Professional
Allison Pilliod
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Daytona Beach, FL 32114
Allison is passionate about walking with her clients through life's trials and tribulations, and the impacts that those may have. She takes a collaborative, strengths base approach in helping individuals realize the power and abilities they already possess, and works with them to build on those strengths. Allison has a wealth of background experience in regard to marriage, children, addiction, and has worked in the fields of technology, insurance, and education. She also worked internationally, and can empathize with the stress of not living in your home country, language barriers, and immigration issues.
Allison is passionate about walking with her clients through life's trials and tribulations, and the impacts that those may have. She takes a collaborative, strengths base approach in helping individuals realize the power and abilities they already possess, and works with them to build on those strengths. Allison has a wealth of background experience in regard to marriage, children, addiction, and has worked in the fields of technology, insurance, and education. She also worked internationally, and can empathize with the stress of not living in your home country, language barriers, and immigration issues.
(386) 339-4646 View (386) 339-4646
Photo of Kian F Jacobs, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kian F Jacobs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ormond Beach, FL 32176  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Certified EMDR Therapist and find that EMDR can quickly offer relief and resources for those struggling. I combine Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Internal Family Systems, online video therapy sessions. Attunement, creativity, brief solution focused treatment, trauma and process addictions work are my strengths. I work to counsel in a judgement free zone and have the unique ability to relate to people of all ages, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, spirituality, and socioeconomic status. I will provide feedback. I am a resource, not a bobble head. Licensed and actively practicing in northeast Florida and CT.
I am a Certified EMDR Therapist and find that EMDR can quickly offer relief and resources for those struggling. I combine Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Internal Family Systems, online video therapy sessions. Attunement, creativity, brief solution focused treatment, trauma and process addictions work are my strengths. I work to counsel in a judgement free zone and have the unique ability to relate to people of all ages, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, spirituality, and socioeconomic status. I will provide feedback. I am a resource, not a bobble head. Licensed and actively practicing in northeast Florida and CT.
(386) 200-1424 View (386) 200-1424
Photo of Kerrie Sagrani, LMHC, Counselor
Kerrie Sagrani
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Daytona Beach, FL 32118
Congratulations on taking this 1st brave step! Life can be stressful and make us doubt things will change for the better; especially when dealing with difficult emotions and/or situations. In addition, the world and our own minds are full of distractions that make focusing on positive change challenging. Even with these realities a secure inner peace and grounded feeling is possible! Hi, I’m Kerrie Sagrani, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 20 years’ experience helping female adolescents and women process difficult scenarios that are holding them back from embracing their life to the fullest.
Congratulations on taking this 1st brave step! Life can be stressful and make us doubt things will change for the better; especially when dealing with difficult emotions and/or situations. In addition, the world and our own minds are full of distractions that make focusing on positive change challenging. Even with these realities a secure inner peace and grounded feeling is possible! Hi, I’m Kerrie Sagrani, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 20 years’ experience helping female adolescents and women process difficult scenarios that are holding them back from embracing their life to the fullest.
(386) 356-3512 View (386) 356-3512
Photo of Calvin H Gittner, RMHI, DMin, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Calvin H Gittner
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, RMHI, DMin
Verified Verified
Port Orange, FL 32129
I seek to view all my clients through a "Family Systems" lens; helping them to better understand their unique story and context. Focusing on issues of communication, reconciliation, healing after affairs and trauma within marriages, intimate relationships, families, children, generation adjustments and life transitions.
I seek to view all my clients through a "Family Systems" lens; helping them to better understand their unique story and context. Focusing on issues of communication, reconciliation, healing after affairs and trauma within marriages, intimate relationships, families, children, generation adjustments and life transitions.
(386) 666-3621 View (386) 666-3621
Photo of Raveen Florence, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Raveen Florence
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Deltona, FL 32738  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Rae- a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Florida. I pride myself in creating a therapeutic, nonjudgmental environment in which clients can feel safe and free to express themselves. I enjoy seeing my clients make positive changes and I continually encourage and motivate them towards reaching their goals. My sessions typically focus on helping my clients work toward healing and personal growth. I believe that seeking therapy is an opportunity for growth and it demonstrates a true sign of strength, dedication and perseverance.
Hi, I'm Rae- a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Florida. I pride myself in creating a therapeutic, nonjudgmental environment in which clients can feel safe and free to express themselves. I enjoy seeing my clients make positive changes and I continually encourage and motivate them towards reaching their goals. My sessions typically focus on helping my clients work toward healing and personal growth. I believe that seeking therapy is an opportunity for growth and it demonstrates a true sign of strength, dedication and perseverance.
(386) 766-7702 View (386) 766-7702
Photo of Natalie Lynn Herrick - EMDR Counseling Associates , MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
EMDR Counseling Associates
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Orange City, FL 32763
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. Many times life's challenges can become overwhelming and you can feel as though you are drowning. I am passionate about creating a safe environment that creates space to address the difficult struggles you may be experiencing. My specialties include but are not limited to trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, addiction, and life transitions. Through an integrated approach of mind and body, we collaboratively find strategies that help you meet your needs.
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. Many times life's challenges can become overwhelming and you can feel as though you are drowning. I am passionate about creating a safe environment that creates space to address the difficult struggles you may be experiencing. My specialties include but are not limited to trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, addiction, and life transitions. Through an integrated approach of mind and body, we collaboratively find strategies that help you meet your needs.
(386) 270-5118 View (386) 270-5118
Photo of Glendoria Stephens, Counselor
Glendoria Stephens
Counselor
Verified Verified
Daytona Beach, FL 32114  (Online Only)
Are you feeling insecure, anxious, have a pattern of overthinking, or simply stressed, and unmotivated. I'm here to assist you in gaining clarity over your life I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialogue to meet your unique and specific needs by identifying your therapy goals as we embark on your journey to health and healing.
Are you feeling insecure, anxious, have a pattern of overthinking, or simply stressed, and unmotivated. I'm here to assist you in gaining clarity over your life I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialogue to meet your unique and specific needs by identifying your therapy goals as we embark on your journey to health and healing.
(386) 766-4825 View (386) 766-4825
Photo of Iisha Reyes, LMHC, Counselor
Iisha Reyes
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Deltona, FL 32738  (Online Only)
Are you having a difficult time navigating life's everyday challenges? Maybe struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma or relationship issues? I have learned that meeting clients where they are in life is the most helpful way to assist them in healing.
Are you having a difficult time navigating life's everyday challenges? Maybe struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma or relationship issues? I have learned that meeting clients where they are in life is the most helpful way to assist them in healing.
(386) 210-3150 View (386) 210-3150
Photo of Lisa Potash, PsyD, Psychologist
Lisa Potash
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Ormond Beach, FL 32174
We have been socialized to believe it is virtuous to put other's needs before our own. This often results in poor self care, feelings of resentment and depression, which paradoxically hinders rather than helps relationships. I encourage people to nurture the relationship they have with themselves. This may involve defining more effective personal boundaries and expectations. Identification of unhealthy coping strategies is accompanied by brainstorming more effective replacement behaviors. I am honored to accompany you on your journey to pursue a more meaningful and joyous life.
We have been socialized to believe it is virtuous to put other's needs before our own. This often results in poor self care, feelings of resentment and depression, which paradoxically hinders rather than helps relationships. I encourage people to nurture the relationship they have with themselves. This may involve defining more effective personal boundaries and expectations. Identification of unhealthy coping strategies is accompanied by brainstorming more effective replacement behaviors. I am honored to accompany you on your journey to pursue a more meaningful and joyous life.
(786) 723-7845 View (786) 723-7845
Photo of Tracy Floyd, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tracy Floyd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
As a licensed therapist with over 24 years of counseling experience, I am dedicated to providing person-centered therapy. My focus is helping you decrease symptoms of anxiety or depression, address trauma or other emotional challenges, and improve your quality of life.
As a licensed therapist with over 24 years of counseling experience, I am dedicated to providing person-centered therapy. My focus is helping you decrease symptoms of anxiety or depression, address trauma or other emotional challenges, and improve your quality of life.
(386) 261-6239 View (386) 261-6239
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See more therapy options for Volusia County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Volusia County, FL

500+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Volusia County, FL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
82% Depression
74% Coping Skills
73% Self Esteem
64% Trauma and PTSD
60% Relationship Issues
58% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

93% Aetna
89% Cigna and Evernorth
85% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Volusia County, FL see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Volusia County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.