Therapists in Seminole County, FL

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Photo of Kimberly Tarman, PsyD, MDiv, Psychologist
Kimberly Tarman
Psychologist, PsyD, MDiv
Verified Verified
Longwood, FL 32779
Not accepting new clients
Do you know that you do not have to remain where you are? We all experience hardships that steal our peace, steer us down unwanted paths, and cause us to lose touch with who we are intended to be. At times we’re able to easily navigate these experiences. But sometimes these challenges cause a level of anxiety, depression, disorientation and other feelings that are hard to manage on our own. It's during these times that a compassionate and skilled professional can help. My name is Dr. Kim Tarman, and I am a licensed clinical psychologist. I have a heart for meeting people where they are, and a passion for helping them heal and grow.
Do you know that you do not have to remain where you are? We all experience hardships that steal our peace, steer us down unwanted paths, and cause us to lose touch with who we are intended to be. At times we’re able to easily navigate these experiences. But sometimes these challenges cause a level of anxiety, depression, disorientation and other feelings that are hard to manage on our own. It's during these times that a compassionate and skilled professional can help. My name is Dr. Kim Tarman, and I am a licensed clinical psychologist. I have a heart for meeting people where they are, and a passion for helping them heal and grow.
(321) 341-6181 View (321) 341-6181
Photo of Kimberly Latoya Monique Covington, RMHCI, EMDR, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kimberly Latoya Monique Covington
Pre-Licensed Professional, RMHCI, EMDR
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sanford, FL 32771
Kimberly Covington is an EMDR trained, Certified Life Coach, Psychology Professor, Registered Mental Health Counselor, and Multi-Business Owner; who specializes in Disordered Eating, Mood Disturbances, PTSD, and Substance Abuse. As an EMDR trained therapist and Certified Life Coach, Kimberly combines her intuitive nature, background in psychology, and her marketing and entrepreneurship experience with her passion for inspiring, empowering, and motivating professionals to live a balanced life filled with personal satisfaction and professional success. Kimberly especially enjoys working with Families and Children who find themselves wondering how they can get more out of life and still be successful.
Kimberly Covington is an EMDR trained, Certified Life Coach, Psychology Professor, Registered Mental Health Counselor, and Multi-Business Owner; who specializes in Disordered Eating, Mood Disturbances, PTSD, and Substance Abuse. As an EMDR trained therapist and Certified Life Coach, Kimberly combines her intuitive nature, background in psychology, and her marketing and entrepreneurship experience with her passion for inspiring, empowering, and motivating professionals to live a balanced life filled with personal satisfaction and professional success. Kimberly especially enjoys working with Families and Children who find themselves wondering how they can get more out of life and still be successful.
(689) 215-4142 View (689) 215-4142
Photo of Leigh S Rosenberg, PsyD, PLLC, Psychologist
Leigh S Rosenberg
Psychologist, PsyD, PLLC
Verified Verified
Longwood, FL 32779
Adults seeking my care are seeking clear directions/training in how to address longstanding resistant problems with anxiety, depression, codependency, esteem, chronic pain, dysfunctional ties. I am "terminally optimistic" about my ability to hear patients and then introduce them to practical solutions to address symptoms, emotions, and lifestyle. It's not only about insight, but also about implementing what really works. My ideal patient is ready to risk change: to face themselves, learn or re-learn positive ways to self-nourish, is open to the practice of building self-reliance step by step. Each one of my patients is courageous.
Adults seeking my care are seeking clear directions/training in how to address longstanding resistant problems with anxiety, depression, codependency, esteem, chronic pain, dysfunctional ties. I am "terminally optimistic" about my ability to hear patients and then introduce them to practical solutions to address symptoms, emotions, and lifestyle. It's not only about insight, but also about implementing what really works. My ideal patient is ready to risk change: to face themselves, learn or re-learn positive ways to self-nourish, is open to the practice of building self-reliance step by step. Each one of my patients is courageous.
(407) 641-0108 View (407) 641-0108
Photo of Shane Williamson, LMHC, Counselor
Shane Williamson
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Sanford, FL 32771
Shane Williamson, LMHC Shane Williamson is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida who has been practicing since 2021. He has an MS in Mental Health Counseling. Shane believes in helping people overcome mental and emotional life challenges in order to help them reach their full potential. In his free time, Shane enjoys fishing, golf, reading, anything outdoors, and helping people develop their faith.
Shane Williamson, LMHC Shane Williamson is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida who has been practicing since 2021. He has an MS in Mental Health Counseling. Shane believes in helping people overcome mental and emotional life challenges in order to help them reach their full potential. In his free time, Shane enjoys fishing, golf, reading, anything outdoors, and helping people develop their faith.
(407) 901-3149 View (407) 901-3149
Photo of Nikki Conomos, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Nikki Conomos
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Casselberry, FL 32707
Are you overwhelmed? Life is hard lately. Many factors contribute to this such as unfair systems in place, generational trauma and patterns, and many feeling stuck in survival mode. Do you want to feel more joy and peace in your life? In search of learning to process thoughts and feelings, as well as feel seen? Maybe you feel angry, anxious, depressed, or confused. We are collectively more stressed than ever! I accept my clients unconditionally and always meet you where you are at. I specifically cater sessions to each and every one of my clients’ needs.
Are you overwhelmed? Life is hard lately. Many factors contribute to this such as unfair systems in place, generational trauma and patterns, and many feeling stuck in survival mode. Do you want to feel more joy and peace in your life? In search of learning to process thoughts and feelings, as well as feel seen? Maybe you feel angry, anxious, depressed, or confused. We are collectively more stressed than ever! I accept my clients unconditionally and always meet you where you are at. I specifically cater sessions to each and every one of my clients’ needs.
(321) 384-5434 View (321) 384-5434
Photo of Melissa Quinn, LMHC
Melissa Quinn
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
As human beings we are wired for connection. Acknowledging past trauma, working through the pain and coming out on the other side are key steps to relational healing with others and ourselves. I am passionate about creating, maintaining and nourishing those relationships, including the relationship with Self. I have been married for 10 years and my husband and I have three children. I understand how chaotic and overwhelming life can be. I would love to walk alongside you as we begin to process the past, acknowledge the present and prepare for the future, helping you attract the relationships and life you want.
As human beings we are wired for connection. Acknowledging past trauma, working through the pain and coming out on the other side are key steps to relational healing with others and ourselves. I am passionate about creating, maintaining and nourishing those relationships, including the relationship with Self. I have been married for 10 years and my husband and I have three children. I understand how chaotic and overwhelming life can be. I would love to walk alongside you as we begin to process the past, acknowledge the present and prepare for the future, helping you attract the relationships and life you want.
(407) 602-6638 View (407) 602-6638
Photo of undefined - Boss Wellness, LLC, MS, LMHC, RPT, Counselor
Boss Wellness, LLC
Counselor, MS, LMHC, RPT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lake Mary, FL 32746
Louise Hay said it best: "Every thought we think is creating our future!" What you believe and think, is your reality. I offer a positive, cognitive behavioral approach to help my clients realize their dreams, reach their goals and maintain success. I work with individuals, families and children. Most major insurance groups are accepted, and Skype sessions are available.
Louise Hay said it best: "Every thought we think is creating our future!" What you believe and think, is your reality. I offer a positive, cognitive behavioral approach to help my clients realize their dreams, reach their goals and maintain success. I work with individuals, families and children. Most major insurance groups are accepted, and Skype sessions are available.
(407) 915-3678 View (407) 915-3678
Photo of Dinah Braud, PsyD, Psychologist
Dinah Braud
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Taking the steps to begin the journey in self-understanding, behavioral change, relationship management, family reconciliation, or dealing with every day stressors, can at times be quite challenging and unnerving. If you are reading this, I commend you for taking the first steps in healing. Whether you are in need of exploration or skill-building through psychotherapy, or diagnostic clarification or treatment recommendations through psychological testing, I look forward to taking this journey with you.
Taking the steps to begin the journey in self-understanding, behavioral change, relationship management, family reconciliation, or dealing with every day stressors, can at times be quite challenging and unnerving. If you are reading this, I commend you for taking the first steps in healing. Whether you are in need of exploration or skill-building through psychotherapy, or diagnostic clarification or treatment recommendations through psychological testing, I look forward to taking this journey with you.
(352) 414-1825 View (352) 414-1825
Photo of Janelle Ramdass, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Janelle Ramdass
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oviedo, FL 32765  (Online Only)
I am committed to helping others overcome the pain and difficulty they are experiencing and helping them reach their goals. By promoting healing, change, and positive behaviors you can reach personal well-being. Counseling will help to bring hope and clarity to your life. In our sessions we will work towards relieving your situation and recognizing your strengths. I provide a relaxing, comfortable, and open environment where you can be yourself.
I am committed to helping others overcome the pain and difficulty they are experiencing and helping them reach their goals. By promoting healing, change, and positive behaviors you can reach personal well-being. Counseling will help to bring hope and clarity to your life. In our sessions we will work towards relieving your situation and recognizing your strengths. I provide a relaxing, comfortable, and open environment where you can be yourself.
(407) 550-0342 View (407) 550-0342
Photo of Mackenzie Torres, MA
Mackenzie Torres
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Are you an adult survivor of child abuse that wants to stop being weighed down by your childhood? Or you are you finding yourself always caring for others instead of yourself? Are you feeling abandoned and worthless as a result of a relationship with a narcissist? Are you part of the LGTBQ+ community that has suffered trauma just because of who you are? It has come to a point where you are tired of fighting and its making it difficult to be happy in life. You are at a place where you want to start healing from everything that you have been through in a fast way which I can help you achieve through use of EMDR and trauma healing.
Are you an adult survivor of child abuse that wants to stop being weighed down by your childhood? Or you are you finding yourself always caring for others instead of yourself? Are you feeling abandoned and worthless as a result of a relationship with a narcissist? Are you part of the LGTBQ+ community that has suffered trauma just because of who you are? It has come to a point where you are tired of fighting and its making it difficult to be happy in life. You are at a place where you want to start healing from everything that you have been through in a fast way which I can help you achieve through use of EMDR and trauma healing.
(407) 214-4093 View (407) 214-4093
Photo of Ashli Jones, LMHC, Counselor
Ashli Jones
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor that has twenty-two years of clinical experience. I specialize in addiction, anxiety, behavioral issues, trauma and PTSD, and emotional disturbance issues. I have worked with individuals, couples, minors, families, and children, and I integrate many therapeutic techniques such as Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Trauma Focused, Coaching, and Existential therapies. I believe that each individual, couple, and family has a different way of relating to the world at large, and I treat each person based on their unique individual needs and preferences.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor that has twenty-two years of clinical experience. I specialize in addiction, anxiety, behavioral issues, trauma and PTSD, and emotional disturbance issues. I have worked with individuals, couples, minors, families, and children, and I integrate many therapeutic techniques such as Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Trauma Focused, Coaching, and Existential therapies. I believe that each individual, couple, and family has a different way of relating to the world at large, and I treat each person based on their unique individual needs and preferences.
(754) 732-9960 View (754) 732-9960
Photo of Liz Buford, LCSW, QS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Liz Buford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, QS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sanford, FL 32773  (Online Only)
Hi! Thank you for taking the first steps toward becoming the best version of yourself! I'm honored that you would consider me to assist you on this journey. With over ten years of clinical social work and behavioral health experience, I am passionate about inciting change in others and guiding them toward their answers. I love working with both children and adults. Children and adolescents present unique challenges, especially amidst a pandemic and social unrest. Understanding how to identify their emotions and then communicate them can be the best way for children and teens to find their unique identities. I also love helping
Hi! Thank you for taking the first steps toward becoming the best version of yourself! I'm honored that you would consider me to assist you on this journey. With over ten years of clinical social work and behavioral health experience, I am passionate about inciting change in others and guiding them toward their answers. I love working with both children and adults. Children and adolescents present unique challenges, especially amidst a pandemic and social unrest. Understanding how to identify their emotions and then communicate them can be the best way for children and teens to find their unique identities. I also love helping
(407) 214-4756 View (407) 214-4756
Photo of Emily Berndt, MA
Emily Berndt
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MA
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Oviedo, FL 32765
You're unsure when it happened but aren't connecting with your teen anymore. You hardly talk without an argument. They seem like they're struggling but won't open up to you. You miss your goofy, sweet, and thoughtful kid. You want a counselor you can trust, who is on your team, respects your boundaries as a parent, and wants the best for your family. You want to fix your relationship with your kid. You want someone to help you get through to them and come to a mutual understanding. I can help.
You're unsure when it happened but aren't connecting with your teen anymore. You hardly talk without an argument. They seem like they're struggling but won't open up to you. You miss your goofy, sweet, and thoughtful kid. You want a counselor you can trust, who is on your team, respects your boundaries as a parent, and wants the best for your family. You want to fix your relationship with your kid. You want someone to help you get through to them and come to a mutual understanding. I can help.
(407) 205-2802 View (407) 205-2802
Photo of undefined - Ohana Counseling & Wellness: Amanda Metcalf, MA, LMHC, IBCLC, PMH-C, CCFP, Counselor
Ohana Counseling & Wellness: Amanda Metcalf
Counselor, MA, LMHC, IBCLC, PMH-C, CCFP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Lake Mary, FL 32746
Have you lost yourself somewhere in the daily grind? Perhaps you've given so much to your spouse, children, or job that you find yourself perpetually frazzled & exhausted. Ohana Counseling & Wellness Services was built on the idea that the traditional, medicalized model of counseling doesn't work for everyone. Rather than search for what is "wrong" with clients, we emphasize natural strengths & abilities to help our client's better tackle life's various obstacles including but not limited to: pregnancy/postpartum/parenting, relational struggles, burnout, first responder wellness, anxiety, depression, work/life balance difficulties.
Have you lost yourself somewhere in the daily grind? Perhaps you've given so much to your spouse, children, or job that you find yourself perpetually frazzled & exhausted. Ohana Counseling & Wellness Services was built on the idea that the traditional, medicalized model of counseling doesn't work for everyone. Rather than search for what is "wrong" with clients, we emphasize natural strengths & abilities to help our client's better tackle life's various obstacles including but not limited to: pregnancy/postpartum/parenting, relational struggles, burnout, first responder wellness, anxiety, depression, work/life balance difficulties.
(689) 333-6526 View (689) 333-6526
Photo of Adriana Rueda-Barrera, MS, NCC, LMHC, Counselor
Adriana Rueda-Barrera
Counselor, MS, NCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lake Mary, FL 32746
Waitlist for new clients
I am a License Mental Health Counselor. I received my Bachelor's degrees in Psychology at the Javeriana University in Bogota (Colombia), and my Master's at Stetson University (Florida). I hold a National Certified Counselor certification. I have more than twenty years of experience working with adults in the field of Wellness and treatment protocol particularly in anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse, and major disorders. My practice focuses on promoting developing and personal growth seeking to encourage integral wellness.
I am a License Mental Health Counselor. I received my Bachelor's degrees in Psychology at the Javeriana University in Bogota (Colombia), and my Master's at Stetson University (Florida). I hold a National Certified Counselor certification. I have more than twenty years of experience working with adults in the field of Wellness and treatment protocol particularly in anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse, and major disorders. My practice focuses on promoting developing and personal growth seeking to encourage integral wellness.
(407) 641-2878 View (407) 641-2878
Photo of undefined - Change M.F.C.R, inc, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Change M.F.C.R, inc
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Life can be overwhelming at times. Getting through the days and coping with the past while trying to build a successful future can be difficult. Trying to improve your marriage, relationships, and family. Feelings of not being understood and dealing with past experiences that continue to create a barrier to the future you want alone can cause anxiety, depression, and more. Having a partner to support you during your journey of mental health can make the difference. A professional partner who cares about your healing and progress in a real way. Allowing you to productively heal from your past while building a successful future.
Life can be overwhelming at times. Getting through the days and coping with the past while trying to build a successful future can be difficult. Trying to improve your marriage, relationships, and family. Feelings of not being understood and dealing with past experiences that continue to create a barrier to the future you want alone can cause anxiety, depression, and more. Having a partner to support you during your journey of mental health can make the difference. A professional partner who cares about your healing and progress in a real way. Allowing you to productively heal from your past while building a successful future.
(321) 381-4267 View (321) 381-4267
Photo of Stephanie Gutierrez, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Stephanie Gutierrez
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Longwood, FL 32779
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be dysfunctional and although many of us learn how to function in this dysfunction there are times where it may become too much to walk in alone. Your life seems filled with constant thoughts of "I should have: said that differently, told them how I felt, spoke up for myself". You struggle with fears of judgment and expectations. Somedays it may seem like an impossible mission to get out of bed, shower, feed yourself or socialize with others. You struggle with persistent irrational thoughts that you are aware of but can't seem to make them stop.
Life can be dysfunctional and although many of us learn how to function in this dysfunction there are times where it may become too much to walk in alone. Your life seems filled with constant thoughts of "I should have: said that differently, told them how I felt, spoke up for myself". You struggle with fears of judgment and expectations. Somedays it may seem like an impossible mission to get out of bed, shower, feed yourself or socialize with others. You struggle with persistent irrational thoughts that you are aware of but can't seem to make them stop.
(407) 305-3160 View (407) 305-3160
Photo of undefined - Thriving Minds Psychological Services, Psy D, Psychologist
Thriving Minds Psychological Services
Psychologist, Psy D
Verified Verified
Oviedo, FL 32765  (Online Only)
Aceptamos pacientes nuevos para citas virtuales. Accepting new patients for Telehealth.
Aceptamos pacientes nuevos para citas virtuales. Accepting new patients for Telehealth.
(407) 982-2047 View (407) 982-2047
Photo of Jean-Ann Moses, LMHC, Counselor
Jean-Ann Moses
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Altamonte Springs, FL 32714  (Online Only)
Jean-Ann Moses is undoubtedly an invaluable presence in mental health counseling. Her dedication to providing culturally sensitive therapy ensures that individuals from all walks of life feel heard and genuinely understood in their journey toward healing. Specializing in areas like grief, trauma, and life transitions underscores her profound grasp of the human condition and the complexities that individuals navigate.
Jean-Ann Moses is undoubtedly an invaluable presence in mental health counseling. Her dedication to providing culturally sensitive therapy ensures that individuals from all walks of life feel heard and genuinely understood in their journey toward healing. Specializing in areas like grief, trauma, and life transitions underscores her profound grasp of the human condition and the complexities that individuals navigate.
(321) 350-3443 View (321) 350-3443
Photo of Dalia Fox, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dalia Fox
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lake Mary, FL 32746
Seeking counseling can be an immense and brave step. It is an honor and privilege to be trusted to walk alongside my clients in their most challenging moments. I believe everyone is on a road toward success and deserves happiness. However we sometimes get steered away from our desired journey due to the challenges we encounter, or barriers in the road. My role is to walk alongside you on this journey, helping you break the barriers and empower you to discover your true potential. I provide counseling to a diverse, multicultural population including being an LGBTQ+ ally.
Seeking counseling can be an immense and brave step. It is an honor and privilege to be trusted to walk alongside my clients in their most challenging moments. I believe everyone is on a road toward success and deserves happiness. However we sometimes get steered away from our desired journey due to the challenges we encounter, or barriers in the road. My role is to walk alongside you on this journey, helping you break the barriers and empower you to discover your true potential. I provide counseling to a diverse, multicultural population including being an LGBTQ+ ally.
(407) 972-1023 View (407) 972-1023

See more therapy options for Seminole County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Seminole County, FL

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Seminole County, FL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
75% Self Esteem
72% Coping Skills
71% Relationship Issues
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
84% Cigna and Evernorth
76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Seminole County, FL see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Seminole County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.