Therapists in Pompano Beach, FL

Photo of Level Up Treatment Center - We Level Up Addiction & Mental Health Treatment, MCAP, LMFT
We Level Up Addiction & Mental Health Treatment
MCAP, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33064
Nationally Recognized Therapy at We Level Up Treatment Center. Free 24/7 hotline & assessments. Get help, take your first step to get better! Your call is FREE. We're top addiction & behavioral experts backed by the Joint Commission's Accreditation held by the top 10% of treatment centers. Specializing in the treatment of alcohol & substance abuse along with dual diagnosis mental health cases like depression, mood and thought disorders. Treatment via cutting-edge therapy programs using advanced evidence-base modalities for improved recovery results. Offering on-site medical detox programs via world-class specialists to counseling..
Nationally Recognized Therapy at We Level Up Treatment Center. Free 24/7 hotline & assessments. Get help, take your first step to get better! Your call is FREE. We're top addiction & behavioral experts backed by the Joint Commission's Accreditation held by the top 10% of treatment centers. Specializing in the treatment of alcohol & substance abuse along with dual diagnosis mental health cases like depression, mood and thought disorders. Treatment via cutting-edge therapy programs using advanced evidence-base modalities for improved recovery results. Offering on-site medical detox programs via world-class specialists to counseling..
(954) 231-3294 View (954) 231-3294
Photo of Becky Bratcher, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Becky Bratcher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33069  (Online Only)
Our mission at Growing Rootz, is to help foster growth & access to basic human needs by providing a safe space where individuals and families can expand on internal strengths and skills and obtain access to local/state resource. Our goal is to empower our clients to become the best versions of themselves by implementing evidenced based techniques, and a range of therapeutic approaches to enhance quality of life & improve the overall well being for members of our community.
Our mission at Growing Rootz, is to help foster growth & access to basic human needs by providing a safe space where individuals and families can expand on internal strengths and skills and obtain access to local/state resource. Our goal is to empower our clients to become the best versions of themselves by implementing evidenced based techniques, and a range of therapeutic approaches to enhance quality of life & improve the overall well being for members of our community.
(954) 982-8245 View (954) 982-8245
Photo of Gina Arnold, LMHC, MCAP, Counselor
Gina Arnold
Counselor, LMHC, MCAP
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33062  (Online Only)
My aim is to help you identify unresolved issues so that you can begin to heal. We will work together to increase your recovery journey by reducing anxiety/depression and also by completing assignments along the way so that you can meet your goals.
My aim is to help you identify unresolved issues so that you can begin to heal. We will work together to increase your recovery journey by reducing anxiety/depression and also by completing assignments along the way so that you can meet your goals.
(954) 280-4878 View (954) 280-4878
Photo of Elizabeth Brochu Brodowsky, LMHC
Elizabeth Brochu Brodowsky
LMHC
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33060  (Online Only)
As a licensed psychotherapist with 15+ years of experience, I'm passionate about helping you become the best version of yourself. My mission is to empower you with the insight needed to make positive changes. Together, we'll explore how your past has shaped who you are and unlock your potential for meaningful change. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to identify and overcome barriers and unhelpful patterns. I’m here to support you on your journey. Let’s create the life you envision.
As a licensed psychotherapist with 15+ years of experience, I'm passionate about helping you become the best version of yourself. My mission is to empower you with the insight needed to make positive changes. Together, we'll explore how your past has shaped who you are and unlock your potential for meaningful change. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to identify and overcome barriers and unhelpful patterns. I’m here to support you on your journey. Let’s create the life you envision.
(954) 256-2564 View (954) 256-2564
Photo of Laurie Norman - Laurie L Norman, LMHC, PA, LMHC, RPT-S
Laurie L Norman, LMHC, PA
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33062  (Online Only)
Are you living your best life? How would it feel to have purpose and wake up feeling excited about your day? If you are going through life changes, struggling with relationships, feeling stuck or tired, and wanting to make positive change in your life counseling is the path for you. I am living my best life when I am helping others achieve their goals and feeling inspired to live a fulfilled and meaningful life. For more than 20 years I have been helping children, adults, couples, and families make positive life changes.
Are you living your best life? How would it feel to have purpose and wake up feeling excited about your day? If you are going through life changes, struggling with relationships, feeling stuck or tired, and wanting to make positive change in your life counseling is the path for you. I am living my best life when I am helping others achieve their goals and feeling inspired to live a fulfilled and meaningful life. For more than 20 years I have been helping children, adults, couples, and families make positive life changes.
(561) 463-3019 View (561) 463-3019
Photo of Leo Balseiro, MS, LMHC-S, NCC, Counselor
Leo Balseiro
Counselor, MS, LMHC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33069
Do you see yourself having a difficult time following through with personal goals? Has your world becoming a noisy and difficult place to stand up to? Do you feel so lost that you lost sense of who you are? In this safe space, clients are given opportunities to feel heard, and process deep thoughts and feelings about deep personal issues. Clients are challenged to take on fresh perspectives, and are empowered to make the lifestyle changes in order to realize the outcomes they set their sights on. My practice exists because, sometimes, life throws problems at us that are not designed to be dealt with by one person alone.
Do you see yourself having a difficult time following through with personal goals? Has your world becoming a noisy and difficult place to stand up to? Do you feel so lost that you lost sense of who you are? In this safe space, clients are given opportunities to feel heard, and process deep thoughts and feelings about deep personal issues. Clients are challenged to take on fresh perspectives, and are empowered to make the lifestyle changes in order to realize the outcomes they set their sights on. My practice exists because, sometimes, life throws problems at us that are not designed to be dealt with by one person alone.
(754) 220-5396 View (754) 220-5396
Photo of Katia Tikhonravova - Dr Katia Tikhonravova Couples and Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr Katia Tikhonravova Couples and Family Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pompano Beach, FL 33062
Do you want to improve your relationships and be understood by your partner? Are you stress and anxious? Therapy can help gain better understanding of one's emotions; channel energy in a productive and positive way; and strengthen relationships with others. Most people enjoy therapy and feel better after the first session. The hardest part is to start.
Do you want to improve your relationships and be understood by your partner? Are you stress and anxious? Therapy can help gain better understanding of one's emotions; channel energy in a productive and positive way; and strengthen relationships with others. Most people enjoy therapy and feel better after the first session. The hardest part is to start.
(754) 702-0559 View (754) 702-0559
Photo of Dr. Melissa Valentina, PhD, LMFT, CHT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Melissa Valentina
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, CHT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pompano Beach, FL 33062  (Online Only)
Everything we do, we do to get you to a better space as quickly as possible. I offer tools to guide you on your journey so you can focus on what matters most: love, purpose, career - whatever you are struggling with. Bringing validation and compassion to the parts of you that feel most broken, rejected, and hurt, helps you to calm, soothe, and heal. Focusing on your priorities and who you want be will move you towards your most cherished goals and dreams. I work with you and your specific needs and will be with you every step of the way. I look forward to our working together so you can realize all that you are meant to be!
Everything we do, we do to get you to a better space as quickly as possible. I offer tools to guide you on your journey so you can focus on what matters most: love, purpose, career - whatever you are struggling with. Bringing validation and compassion to the parts of you that feel most broken, rejected, and hurt, helps you to calm, soothe, and heal. Focusing on your priorities and who you want be will move you towards your most cherished goals and dreams. I work with you and your specific needs and will be with you every step of the way. I look forward to our working together so you can realize all that you are meant to be!
(954) 280-4616 View (954) 280-4616
Photo of Megan Graham, LMHC, NCC, MS, Counselor
Megan Graham
Counselor, LMHC, NCC, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pompano Beach, FL 33064  (Online Only)
Recognizing that you need help is an incredible first step in the process of recovery. If you are willing to put in the emotional work, challenge unhealthy thoughts, and behaviors you will see progress in therapy.
Recognizing that you need help is an incredible first step in the process of recovery. If you are willing to put in the emotional work, challenge unhealthy thoughts, and behaviors you will see progress in therapy.
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Photo of Brad Paley, LCSW, QS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brad Paley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, QS
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33060
ADULTS: I specialize in treating those struggling with Mental Health and OR SUBSTANCE ABUSE problems by identifying the problem, addressing important feelings, teaching the value of doing things differently, advising you on new coping skills that can help you to turn your life around. I have directed inpatient treatment facilities for these issues.
ADULTS: I specialize in treating those struggling with Mental Health and OR SUBSTANCE ABUSE problems by identifying the problem, addressing important feelings, teaching the value of doing things differently, advising you on new coping skills that can help you to turn your life around. I have directed inpatient treatment facilities for these issues.
(954) 388-8039 View (954) 388-8039
Photo of Maria Gliemann, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maria Gliemann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33060  (Online Only)
Hi there! My name is Maria. I grew up in New York and received my bachelors degree from Hunter College. I relocated to South Florida in 2014 to obtain my MSW from Florida Atlantic University. I am most passionate about eliminating the stigma associated with mental health disorders-especially in communities of color. I specialize in facilitating transformational healing experiences. My work focuses on targeting and putting an end to limiting beliefs while empowering individuals to become their own healers. I also specialize in issues surrounding adoption, primarily for adoptees, with a focus on transracial adoption.
Hi there! My name is Maria. I grew up in New York and received my bachelors degree from Hunter College. I relocated to South Florida in 2014 to obtain my MSW from Florida Atlantic University. I am most passionate about eliminating the stigma associated with mental health disorders-especially in communities of color. I specialize in facilitating transformational healing experiences. My work focuses on targeting and putting an end to limiting beliefs while empowering individuals to become their own healers. I also specialize in issues surrounding adoption, primarily for adoptees, with a focus on transracial adoption.
(954) 807-2093 View (954) 807-2093
Photo of Manzar Imtiaz Lari - True Kismet Counseling, LLC, MA, LP, LICSW, Psychologist
True Kismet Counseling, LLC
Psychologist, MA, LP, LICSW
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33069  (Online Only)
You may be at a point where you are feeling depressed because you feel alone and misunderstood. Changes in your life are overwhelming. Life and relationships are difficult to manage. You may be thinking that you “should” be stronger and not let things bother you so why do they? Your marriage has a lot of challenges and you and your spouse do not see eye to eye. You are an LGBTQ identified person and are feeling stuck. You are encountering roadblocks in your personal life and relationships. You want so much in life, but nothing seems to come together for you.
You may be at a point where you are feeling depressed because you feel alone and misunderstood. Changes in your life are overwhelming. Life and relationships are difficult to manage. You may be thinking that you “should” be stronger and not let things bother you so why do they? Your marriage has a lot of challenges and you and your spouse do not see eye to eye. You are an LGBTQ identified person and are feeling stuck. You are encountering roadblocks in your personal life and relationships. You want so much in life, but nothing seems to come together for you.
(954) 799-9628 View (954) 799-9628
Photo of Ashley Chiarielo, LMHC, Counselor
Ashley Chiarielo
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33063
My name is Ashley Chiariello and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (MH-7642) practicing in the State of Florida. I have 20 years of experience focused on individual therapy in the areas of grief and loss, anxiety, depression, and stress. My hope is to provide a warm and accepting environment where my clients can grow to understand themselves more deeply and improve their quality of life.
My name is Ashley Chiariello and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (MH-7642) practicing in the State of Florida. I have 20 years of experience focused on individual therapy in the areas of grief and loss, anxiety, depression, and stress. My hope is to provide a warm and accepting environment where my clients can grow to understand themselves more deeply and improve their quality of life.
(954) 833-4789 View (954) 833-4789
Photo of James Hausler, MS, LMHC
James Hausler
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33069  (Online Only)
Hello! I’ve been working in behavioral health for nearly 20 years, helping clients navigate their personal growth, understanding, and healing. My approach focuses on improving mental, emotional, and spiritual health while addressing relationship issues. I believe in working collaboratively to find effective solutions to life’s challenges. I am passionate about mental health because I love helping people. It’s a privilege to walk with clients through their journeys and see them overcome obstacles.
Hello! I’ve been working in behavioral health for nearly 20 years, helping clients navigate their personal growth, understanding, and healing. My approach focuses on improving mental, emotional, and spiritual health while addressing relationship issues. I believe in working collaboratively to find effective solutions to life’s challenges. I am passionate about mental health because I love helping people. It’s a privilege to walk with clients through their journeys and see them overcome obstacles.
(954) 833-0739 View (954) 833-0739
Photo of Brenda Zalka, LMHC, Counselor
Brenda Zalka
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33062  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 29 years of experience working as a psychotherapist. I am also a Registered Nurse. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, eating disorders, career challenges, and medical issues, for both patient and caregiver. I have also written a children’s book series on mental health called “Biz & Ben and Summer too.” My counseling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe in stigmatizing labels.
I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 29 years of experience working as a psychotherapist. I am also a Registered Nurse. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, eating disorders, career challenges, and medical issues, for both patient and caregiver. I have also written a children’s book series on mental health called “Biz & Ben and Summer too.” My counseling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe in stigmatizing labels.
(954) 280-4144 View (954) 280-4144
Photo of Katia Tikhonravova - Dr. Katia Tikhonravova - ESA Letter FL, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Dr. Katia Tikhonravova - ESA Letter FL
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pompano Beach, FL 33062
My name is Dr. Katia Tikhonravova, Ph.D.. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist in the state of Florida. I provide an Emotional Support Animal (ESA) and Psychiatric Service Dog (PSD) recommendation letter in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) for the owners of dogs, cats, bunnies, and other emotional support animals. I am your local therapist who is able to accurately and appropriately discuss the psychosocial needs for your ESA and PSD documentation with your HOA and landlord, school, and employer, while providing HIPAA protection. I speak in English and Russian.
My name is Dr. Katia Tikhonravova, Ph.D.. I am a licensed marriage and family therapist in the state of Florida. I provide an Emotional Support Animal (ESA) and Psychiatric Service Dog (PSD) recommendation letter in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) for the owners of dogs, cats, bunnies, and other emotional support animals. I am your local therapist who is able to accurately and appropriately discuss the psychosocial needs for your ESA and PSD documentation with your HOA and landlord, school, and employer, while providing HIPAA protection. I speak in English and Russian.
(954) 737-5940 View (954) 737-5940
Photo of Nikeda Stanback, MEd, BCBA
Nikeda Stanback
MEd, BCBA
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33064
Outside the Box Behavioral Services is a boutique private practice specializing in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). We offer a family-oriented service that specializes in providing effective and unique treatments based on the proven principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), individualized therapy that will meet the unique needs of each client and their family dynamic. We are owned and operated by a Broad Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA).
Outside the Box Behavioral Services is a boutique private practice specializing in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). We offer a family-oriented service that specializes in providing effective and unique treatments based on the proven principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), individualized therapy that will meet the unique needs of each client and their family dynamic. We are owned and operated by a Broad Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA).
(954) 231-1087 View (954) 231-1087
Photo of Natalia Shtompel, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Natalia Shtompel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33069
Dr. Shtompel is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in private practice and an Associate Professor of Social Work in South Florida. She is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Trauma-Sensitive Yoga, and is a certified Yoga Teacher (RYT-200). In her clinical work, she integrates cognitive (thinking), emotional, somatic (body-based), developmental (childhood-based), lifestyle, spiritual, and psychoeducational aspects to facilitate each client's therapeutic experience.
Dr. Shtompel is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in private practice and an Associate Professor of Social Work in South Florida. She is trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Trauma-Sensitive Yoga, and is a certified Yoga Teacher (RYT-200). In her clinical work, she integrates cognitive (thinking), emotional, somatic (body-based), developmental (childhood-based), lifestyle, spiritual, and psychoeducational aspects to facilitate each client's therapeutic experience.
(352) 364-4364 View (352) 364-4364
Photo of Janie Cooper Rhone, MS, LMHC, NCC, MCAP, EMDR, Counselor
Janie Cooper Rhone
Counselor, MS, LMHC, NCC, MCAP, EMDR
Verified Verified
Pompano Beach, FL 33069
I've been in the business of helping people in South Florida to achieve personal growth and life satisfaction for many years. My education, training and experience rests on a foundation of good common sense, genuine compassion and fundamental respect for the human journey. I'm comfortable working with a wide range of lifestyles, values and attitudes. You can count on me for guidance, insight, support, encouragement and understanding. Individuals come to me for help with depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties and the many general problems of daily living which get in the way of a happy, satisfying life.
I've been in the business of helping people in South Florida to achieve personal growth and life satisfaction for many years. My education, training and experience rests on a foundation of good common sense, genuine compassion and fundamental respect for the human journey. I'm comfortable working with a wide range of lifestyles, values and attitudes. You can count on me for guidance, insight, support, encouragement and understanding. Individuals come to me for help with depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties and the many general problems of daily living which get in the way of a happy, satisfying life.
(954) 289-5685 View (954) 289-5685
Photo of Gena Kanov, MS, LMHC, QS, Counselor
Gena Kanov
Counselor, MS, LMHC, QS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pompano Beach, FL 33060
I am passionate about helping individuals learn and accept who they are, overcome barriers, and create a life that feels authentic and fulfilling to them. I attempt to normalize therapy and help individuals feel welcomed and supported to allow for growth and empowerment. I seek to help individuals feel understood and learn healthy ways to express and cope with strong emotions. I work to help individuals learn and utilize positive therapeutic skills to cope with relational concerns and encourage family cohesion while also respecting the importance of individuality.
I am passionate about helping individuals learn and accept who they are, overcome barriers, and create a life that feels authentic and fulfilling to them. I attempt to normalize therapy and help individuals feel welcomed and supported to allow for growth and empowerment. I seek to help individuals feel understood and learn healthy ways to express and cope with strong emotions. I work to help individuals learn and utilize positive therapeutic skills to cope with relational concerns and encourage family cohesion while also respecting the importance of individuality.
(754) 999-9690 View (754) 999-9690

See more therapy options for Pompano Beach

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pompano Beach, FL

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Pompano Beach, FL who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
75% Self Esteem
74% Coping Skills
73% Relationship Issues
70% Stress
63% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% Aetna
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
77% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Pompano Beach, FL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
19% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pompano Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.