Depression Therapists in Lake City, FL

Photo of Julia Murchison, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julia Murchison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake City, FL 32024
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Florida working as a clinical therapist. My focus is helping people learn to feel safe in their own body while addressing issues of stress, anxiety, depression, grief, complex trauma, and substance use.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Florida working as a clinical therapist. My focus is helping people learn to feel safe in their own body while addressing issues of stress, anxiety, depression, grief, complex trauma, and substance use.
(352) 309-2177 View (352) 309-2177
Photo of Stephanie Watson, MSCC, LMHC, MCAP, CCTP, SAP, Counselor
Stephanie Watson
Counselor, MSCC, LMHC, MCAP, CCTP, SAP
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32055  (Online Only)
I am a licensed mental health counselor in Florida with over 15 years of experience. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including addictions (drug, alcohol, gambling, eating, shopping and hoarding), depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, trauma, children and adolescents in foster care, OCD and eating disorders. I am a qualified supervisor for therapists and have treated professionals with substance abuse disorders to maintain their licensure.
I am a licensed mental health counselor in Florida with over 15 years of experience. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including addictions (drug, alcohol, gambling, eating, shopping and hoarding), depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, career challenges, trauma, children and adolescents in foster care, OCD and eating disorders. I am a qualified supervisor for therapists and have treated professionals with substance abuse disorders to maintain their licensure.
(386) 853-3694 View (386) 853-3694
Photo of Liza White, LCMHC
Liza White
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32025
I am comfortable treating conditions such as anxiety, depression, trauma-related issues, relationship difficulties, and stress management.
Hello, my name is Liza White, and I am a licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) based in Florida. With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I provide therapy services that empower individuals to overcome challenges and achieve personal growth. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. I am dedicated to creating a safe and supportive therapeutic environment to help clients navigate their unique journeys toward healing and well-being.
I am comfortable treating conditions such as anxiety, depression, trauma-related issues, relationship difficulties, and stress management.
Hello, my name is Liza White, and I am a licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) based in Florida. With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I provide therapy services that empower individuals to overcome challenges and achieve personal growth. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. I am dedicated to creating a safe and supportive therapeutic environment to help clients navigate their unique journeys toward healing and well-being.
(321) 616-7167 View (321) 616-7167
Photo of Gary Roy Geffken, PhD, Psychologist
Gary Roy Geffken
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32025
He treats children, adolescents, and adults with a broad range of problems including anxiety, depression, grief, marital, family, and adjustment problems.
Gary Geffken, PhD is a clinical psychologist who retired after 29 years on the faculty at the University of Florida College of Medicine. He has expertise supervising advanced trainees in mental health disciplines. While he was focused on primarily academic pursuits during his time at UF he continues to be enthusiastic about working with clients of all ages and their families, as well as mentoring advanced practitioners in mental health disciplines nearing the end of their training as they move toward independent practice.
He treats children, adolescents, and adults with a broad range of problems including anxiety, depression, grief, marital, family, and adjustment problems.
Gary Geffken, PhD is a clinical psychologist who retired after 29 years on the faculty at the University of Florida College of Medicine. He has expertise supervising advanced trainees in mental health disciplines. While he was focused on primarily academic pursuits during his time at UF he continues to be enthusiastic about working with clients of all ages and their families, as well as mentoring advanced practitioners in mental health disciplines nearing the end of their training as they move toward independent practice.
(352) 513-8019 View (352) 513-8019
Nancy E. Davie Inc.
Counselor, PsyD, LMHC, CCFC, CCDVC
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32024
Specializing in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. Depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress syndrome, academic issues, couples counseling. Domestic violence, sexual and physical abuse. Grief, gender issues, work related stress. EAP counseling. Marriage and family therapy. Behavioral and parenting issues.
Specializing in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. Depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress syndrome, academic issues, couples counseling. Domestic violence, sexual and physical abuse. Grief, gender issues, work related stress. EAP counseling. Marriage and family therapy. Behavioral and parenting issues.
(904) 574-5722 View (904) 574-5722
Photo of Charice Calloway, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Charice Calloway
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32024
Hi! My name is Charice Calloway, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am passionate about helping clients through mental health challenges and unlocking inner strengths. My style and approach to therapy seems to be a good fit for adults who may be dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, or overall stress. I work to help my clients gain coping skills that lower symptoms and allows them to manage their mental health while also functioning in their preferred way. I work with clients to address unhelpful thought patterns and confidently operate from a version of themselves that they desire.
Hi! My name is Charice Calloway, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am passionate about helping clients through mental health challenges and unlocking inner strengths. My style and approach to therapy seems to be a good fit for adults who may be dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, or overall stress. I work to help my clients gain coping skills that lower symptoms and allows them to manage their mental health while also functioning in their preferred way. I work with clients to address unhelpful thought patterns and confidently operate from a version of themselves that they desire.
(786) 981-8558 View (786) 981-8558
Photo of Lourdes Berlanga - Soul Counseling LLC - Lourdes Berlanga , LMFT, TF-CBT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Soul Counseling LLC - Lourdes Berlanga
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, TF-CBT
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32024
I work with adults, couples, adolescents, children, and elders who may be experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, ADHD, life transitions (pre-marital), adjustment disorders, grief and loss, stress, self-esteem, and relationship conflicts.
Clients are unique individuals that can grow, heal and change by learning new techniques to improve their health and well-being in all areas of their lives, including biological, psychological, social, and spiritual. Personal growth is facilitated by setting and working toward goals, assessing and building strengths in these areas to develop skills and resources that help them manage life challenges. As a professional, I work collaboratively with my clients in a safe and open environment to identify goals and work towards favorable resolutions.
I work with adults, couples, adolescents, children, and elders who may be experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma, ADHD, life transitions (pre-marital), adjustment disorders, grief and loss, stress, self-esteem, and relationship conflicts.
Clients are unique individuals that can grow, heal and change by learning new techniques to improve their health and well-being in all areas of their lives, including biological, psychological, social, and spiritual. Personal growth is facilitated by setting and working toward goals, assessing and building strengths in these areas to develop skills and resources that help them manage life challenges. As a professional, I work collaboratively with my clients in a safe and open environment to identify goals and work towards favorable resolutions.
(386) 674-1363 View (386) 674-1363
Photo of Geneva Thompson, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Geneva Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32055
I have tried therapy and it didn't work. I have heard this from clients so many times. The truth is, therapy is not a "one size fits all" type of service. There are many different types of therapy and many different types of therapists. I partner with my clients to customize their treatment plan to fit their preference for treatment style/modality as well as to meet their personal goals. I have helped many people manage a wide variety of struggles including those related to depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and symptoms related to trauma - just to name a few.
I have tried therapy and it didn't work. I have heard this from clients so many times. The truth is, therapy is not a "one size fits all" type of service. There are many different types of therapy and many different types of therapists. I partner with my clients to customize their treatment plan to fit their preference for treatment style/modality as well as to meet their personal goals. I have helped many people manage a wide variety of struggles including those related to depression, anxiety, relationship issues, and symptoms related to trauma - just to name a few.
(904) 842-2443 View (904) 842-2443
Photo of Bruce Evan Jennings - Bruce Jennings at Sarkis Family Psychiatry, LMHC, Counselor
Bruce Jennings at Sarkis Family Psychiatry
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32025
My name is Bruce Jennings. I am currently seeing clients virtually and in-office at Sarkis Family Psychiatry in Gainesville, Florida. I have provided counseling services since 1983, and I am confident in my ability to help children, adolescents and adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, anger, ADHD, and relationship challenges (including those related to ADHD). Neurofeedback is available as a cash-only service that begins with a quantitative EEG assessment at $300 and training sessions at $75 per half hour.
My name is Bruce Jennings. I am currently seeing clients virtually and in-office at Sarkis Family Psychiatry in Gainesville, Florida. I have provided counseling services since 1983, and I am confident in my ability to help children, adolescents and adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, anger, ADHD, and relationship challenges (including those related to ADHD). Neurofeedback is available as a cash-only service that begins with a quantitative EEG assessment at $300 and training sessions at $75 per half hour.
(352) 453-8792 View (352) 453-8792
Photo of Helen Roberts, MSE, LMHC, CSAT, NCMHCE, LCPC, Counselor
Helen Roberts
Counselor, MSE, LMHC, CSAT, NCMHCE, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake City, FL 32025
Whether you are dealing with betrayal, childhood, or sexual trauma, sexual addiction, trauma from war, or dealing with bipolar, depression, anxiety, PTSD, dissociation, addictions, adoption, lack of self-confidence, or marital issues.
Hi! My name is Helen Roberts and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Iowa. I’ve been counseling children, teens, adults, couples, and families for over 20 years - But in my experience, that’s not really what you want to know. What you really want to know is can I help you? And is there hope for things to change for you? As a matter of fact, there is and I hope you’ll give me an opportunity to take that journey towards healing and empowerment with you. We can change the direction of your life right now and give you hope and power again!
Whether you are dealing with betrayal, childhood, or sexual trauma, sexual addiction, trauma from war, or dealing with bipolar, depression, anxiety, PTSD, dissociation, addictions, adoption, lack of self-confidence, or marital issues.
Hi! My name is Helen Roberts and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Iowa. I’ve been counseling children, teens, adults, couples, and families for over 20 years - But in my experience, that’s not really what you want to know. What you really want to know is can I help you? And is there hope for things to change for you? As a matter of fact, there is and I hope you’ll give me an opportunity to take that journey towards healing and empowerment with you. We can change the direction of your life right now and give you hope and power again!
(941) 213-8988 View (941) 213-8988
John Philip Frazier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, ACSW, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32055
I specialize in the areas of depression, anxiety, phobias, obsessions, marriage and family problems, work related problems and last but not least childres issues including ADD and ADHD.
I have been in the profession of helping people for 36 years. It is my approach to treat the whole person not just the symptoms. In that regard we begin a process that resolves not only the symptoms they present to me, but returns to them the feeling of being alive and in command of their own lives in a fashion that allows them to have healthy relationships, function well in their jobs and work, and have a positive sense of themselves.
I specialize in the areas of depression, anxiety, phobias, obsessions, marriage and family problems, work related problems and last but not least childres issues including ADD and ADHD.
I have been in the profession of helping people for 36 years. It is my approach to treat the whole person not just the symptoms. In that regard we begin a process that resolves not only the symptoms they present to me, but returns to them the feeling of being alive and in command of their own lives in a fashion that allows them to have healthy relationships, function well in their jobs and work, and have a positive sense of themselves.
(352) 678-6116 View (352) 678-6116
Photo of Monica R Grey - Florida Acupuncture and Counseling, Inc., LCSW, LMT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Florida Acupuncture and Counseling, Inc.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMT
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32055
My career as a therapist, since 1993, along with my life experience, and study of both traditional, and complementary modalities, has provided me with the skills, insight, and ability to work with a diverse population. We live in challenging times. We are often faced with life situations that are difficult to deal with. By helping clients to address issues, supporting them to find their own answers, as well as providing helpful tools to improve coping, symptoms of depression and anxiety can be reduced or eliminated. My goal is to help you to live a better life, enjoy your relationships and families, and work efficiently.
My career as a therapist, since 1993, along with my life experience, and study of both traditional, and complementary modalities, has provided me with the skills, insight, and ability to work with a diverse population. We live in challenging times. We are often faced with life situations that are difficult to deal with. By helping clients to address issues, supporting them to find their own answers, as well as providing helpful tools to improve coping, symptoms of depression and anxiety can be reduced or eliminated. My goal is to help you to live a better life, enjoy your relationships and families, and work efficiently.
(352) 535-0982 View (352) 535-0982
Photo of Melanie Juli, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melanie Juli
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32055
My specialties include marriage and relationship issues, family systems issues, co-dependency, addiction, trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and chronic pain.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I earned a BA in Interdisciplinary Arts and Humanities from Florida Atlantic University in 2009. I then went on to earn a Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy from Nova Southeastern University in 2012, which I did in 2013. I have had experience working with a variety of different clients in multiple settings. I have extensive experience treating clients with addiction disorders as well as working with their families and loved ones who are working on their own program of recovery as well.
My specialties include marriage and relationship issues, family systems issues, co-dependency, addiction, trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and chronic pain.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I earned a BA in Interdisciplinary Arts and Humanities from Florida Atlantic University in 2009. I then went on to earn a Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy from Nova Southeastern University in 2012, which I did in 2013. I have had experience working with a variety of different clients in multiple settings. I have extensive experience treating clients with addiction disorders as well as working with their families and loved ones who are working on their own program of recovery as well.
(321) 710-0407 View (321) 710-0407
Photo of Ezekiel McLeskey, EdS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ezekiel McLeskey
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Lake City, FL 32024
I appreciate you considering me as someone that may stand by you during this difficult time. The focus of my individual clinical work has been with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, identity crises, childhood trauma, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, while tackling a plethora of general life issues. I have also worked with couples and families to resolve interpersonal issues. I am passionate about helping people in systemically oppressed groups like those in LGBTQ+, non-monogamy, and kink communities as well as any others that may find it hard to express parts of themselves. All of you is welcome!
I appreciate you considering me as someone that may stand by you during this difficult time. The focus of my individual clinical work has been with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, identity crises, childhood trauma, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, while tackling a plethora of general life issues. I have also worked with couples and families to resolve interpersonal issues. I am passionate about helping people in systemically oppressed groups like those in LGBTQ+, non-monogamy, and kink communities as well as any others that may find it hard to express parts of themselves. All of you is welcome!
(352) 646-3342 View (352) 646-3342
Photo of Rhonda Grieser, MSW, RCSWI, Pre-Licensed Professional
Rhonda Grieser
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW, RCSWI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake City, FL 32024
I am a therapist specializing in ADHD, children, adolescents, teens and adults experiencing depression and anxiety. My interest also extends to working with college students who are navigating the complexities of transitioning into adulthood, providing them with the necessary support to build their self-esteem and achieve their dreams and goals. Helping women adapt to life changes, such as having a family, experiences postpartum depression or transitioning to the empty nest or addressing post-traumatic stress are also special areas of interests for me as a therapist and a social worker.
I am a therapist specializing in ADHD, children, adolescents, teens and adults experiencing depression and anxiety. My interest also extends to working with college students who are navigating the complexities of transitioning into adulthood, providing them with the necessary support to build their self-esteem and achieve their dreams and goals. Helping women adapt to life changes, such as having a family, experiences postpartum depression or transitioning to the empty nest or addressing post-traumatic stress are also special areas of interests for me as a therapist and a social worker.
(352) 618-6870 View (352) 618-6870
Photo of Kellie Foster, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Kellie Foster
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32025  (Online Only)
Hello, and welcome. I would first like to acknowledge your strength and courage in taking this step toward making your mental health and wellness a priority. I view therapy as a collaborative partnership, in which the therapeutic alliance sets the foundation for successful outcomes. As an integrated therapist, I reject a “one size fits all” approach. I draw from various modalities as necessitated by the presenting issue, and believe that techniques should be tailored to individualized needs. I seek to minimize “labeling,” and strive to make a genuine human connection with clients as they share their unique worldview and experiences.
Hello, and welcome. I would first like to acknowledge your strength and courage in taking this step toward making your mental health and wellness a priority. I view therapy as a collaborative partnership, in which the therapeutic alliance sets the foundation for successful outcomes. As an integrated therapist, I reject a “one size fits all” approach. I draw from various modalities as necessitated by the presenting issue, and believe that techniques should be tailored to individualized needs. I seek to minimize “labeling,” and strive to make a genuine human connection with clients as they share their unique worldview and experiences.
(386) 753-3015 View (386) 753-3015
Photo of Nimota “Remi” Walker, MSW, LCSW, CBHCM, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nimota “Remi” Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CBHCM
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32055
Are you struggling with overcoming constant challenges? Is there a person, place, or incident you have been carrying for a very long time? Are you ready for change? If you answered yes to any of those questions, you are in the right place. I offer online counseling & coaching on a secure HIPPA compliant telehealth platform.
Are you struggling with overcoming constant challenges? Is there a person, place, or incident you have been carrying for a very long time? Are you ready for change? If you answered yes to any of those questions, you are in the right place. I offer online counseling & coaching on a secure HIPPA compliant telehealth platform.
(386) 465-4086 View (386) 465-4086
Photo of Jessica Brown, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake City, FL 32024  (Online Only)
Have you ever felt like you cannot find the energy or motivation to do the most basic tasks? Or constantly going over the "what-ifs" in your mind? Have you ever struggled with losing someone that you love and feel as if you will never make it out of the fog? Have you experienced a traumatic event and need help managing the thoughts and feelings that come up after the experience? Are you feeling stuck in your life, or just listless? Are you struggling with substance abuse and the impact of usage in your professional and/or personal life? Do you have a history of self-harm or self-harming thoughts?
Have you ever felt like you cannot find the energy or motivation to do the most basic tasks? Or constantly going over the "what-ifs" in your mind? Have you ever struggled with losing someone that you love and feel as if you will never make it out of the fog? Have you experienced a traumatic event and need help managing the thoughts and feelings that come up after the experience? Are you feeling stuck in your life, or just listless? Are you struggling with substance abuse and the impact of usage in your professional and/or personal life? Do you have a history of self-harm or self-harming thoughts?
(352) 308-1993 View (352) 308-1993
Photo of Aliyatta P. Weston, MS, LMHC, CEAP, SAP, Counselor
Aliyatta P. Weston
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CEAP, SAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lake City, FL 32025  (Online Only)
Welcome to a safe space for healing & self-discovery!I'm here to support you on your journey towards a happier & more fulfilled life. My passion lies in helping those who are dedicated to self-improvement & seeking guidance on a path to healing. Life is often challenging, we all face obstacles that can take a toll on our mental health. Whether it's difficult relationships, life transitions, past traumas, or ups and downs that come with being human, it's completely natural to experience moments of doubt & struggle. It's during these times that I want to extend my hand to help you find your way back to a place of balance and strength.
Welcome to a safe space for healing & self-discovery!I'm here to support you on your journey towards a happier & more fulfilled life. My passion lies in helping those who are dedicated to self-improvement & seeking guidance on a path to healing. Life is often challenging, we all face obstacles that can take a toll on our mental health. Whether it's difficult relationships, life transitions, past traumas, or ups and downs that come with being human, it's completely natural to experience moments of doubt & struggle. It's during these times that I want to extend my hand to help you find your way back to a place of balance and strength.
(352) 254-3743 View (352) 254-3743
Photo of David Leland Patrick, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
David Leland Patrick
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lake City, FL 32025
I am the type of therapist that meets my clients where they are. I am easy going and do not have an agenda. I think my clients are the experts on themselves. I create a warm and encouraging aura that helps clients discover there problem area's and then I guide and accompany them on a journey to bring clarity, hope, and peace.
I am the type of therapist that meets my clients where they are. I am easy going and do not have an agenda. I think my clients are the experts on themselves. I create a warm and encouraging aura that helps clients discover there problem area's and then I guide and accompany them on a journey to bring clarity, hope, and peace.
(406) 380-3951 View (406) 380-3951
1
Depression Therapists

What is the goal of therapy for depression?

Therapy for depression has several major goals. One is to relieve the mental pain of depression, which distorts feeling and thinking so that sufferers cannot see beyond their current state of mind or envision feeling better. Another is to give people the mental tools to recognize and correct the kinds of distorted thinking that turn a problem into a catastrophe and lead to despair. Therapy also teaches people how to process negative emotions in constructive ways, so they have more control over their own emotional reactivity. And it helps people regain the ability to see themselves positively, the motivation to do things, and the capacity for pleasure.

What happens in therapy for depression?

Perhaps most important, no matter the type of therapy, patients form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Patients learn to identify and to challenge their own erroneous beliefs and thoughts that amplify the effects of negative experiences. They learn to identify situations in which they are especially vulnerable. And they learn new patterns of thinking and behaving. They may be given “homework” assignments in which they practice their developing skills. In addition, good therapists regularly monitor patients to assess whether and how much the condition is improving.

What therapy types help with depression?

Several types of short-term therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps clients challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, learn new behavioral strategies, and curb reactivity to distressing situations. Behavioral activation (BA) is a form of therapy often used in conjunction with CBT; it focuses on engagement in rewarding activity as a pathway to changing negative feelings and disturbed mood. Another widely used approach is interpersonal therapy (IPT), which targets the social difficulties that both give rise to and get exacerbated by depression. Therapists may combine approaches as needed.

Can therapy for depression be done online?

Studies have found that online therapy can be highly effective for treating depression, although it may be more challenging to build a good therapist-patient alliance on screen than in person—at least at first. However, online therapy can offer considerable advantages. Accessibility and convenience are tops among them. Some people actually find it easier to talk about problems online than in person. While online therapy typically limits visibility of facial expression and body gestures that give important nonverbal cues to a patient’s state of mind, it can give therapists a glimpse into a patient’s world and life, providing information that can be highly useful in guiding therapy.

How effective is therapy for depression?

Many studies show that therapy is highly effective provided that patients complete the prescribed course of therapy, commonly 16 to 20 sessions. Over the long term, it is more effective than medication and the effects are more enduring. As a result, psychotherapy has the power not just to relieve current suffering but to prevent future episodes of the disorder. Therapy reverses the dysfunction in neural circuitry that disposes individuals to a negative view of themselves, the world, and their future and they acquire coping techniques, problem-solving skills, and understanding of their own vulnerabilities that are useful over the course of a lifetime.