Psychodynamic Therapists in Flagler Beach, FL

Photo of Michelle Lesesne-De Santis, LCSW, LISW-CP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Lesesne-De Santis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-CP
Verified Verified
Flagler Beach, FL 32136
Are you ready to feel better? Are you tired of doing the same thing over and over, hoping for different results? Are you ready to transform your life? Then let's get started! My focus is to partner with you and teach you tools and techniques that will absolutely change your life for the better. Our greatest power lies within each of us, in our own minds. I will help you learn to become a Master Mind and take control of your thoughts, which will massively impact your life, your health and your world. We are spitirual beings having a human experience...mastery of our minds is essential to discovering inner peace and sustained joy.
Are you ready to feel better? Are you tired of doing the same thing over and over, hoping for different results? Are you ready to transform your life? Then let's get started! My focus is to partner with you and teach you tools and techniques that will absolutely change your life for the better. Our greatest power lies within each of us, in our own minds. I will help you learn to become a Master Mind and take control of your thoughts, which will massively impact your life, your health and your world. We are spitirual beings having a human experience...mastery of our minds is essential to discovering inner peace and sustained joy.
(386) 388-3224 View (386) 388-3224
Photo of Wensi (Macy) Dong, MS, LMFT, RPT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Wensi (Macy) Dong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, RPT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Flagler Beach, FL 32151  (Online Only)
When you wish you could have someone with whom you can share your pain, doubts and questions, I am here to listen with completely non-biased and non-judgmental support. God blessed me with a compassionate heart enabling me to genuinely listen, to care and to love. I truly believe every soul will recover when given genuine care, love and understanding. With years of mental health experience as an ABA therapist and child, youth and family therapist at NAVOS, plus HR experience, I am building a solid reputation for providing standout quality child, youth, adult and family counseling.
When you wish you could have someone with whom you can share your pain, doubts and questions, I am here to listen with completely non-biased and non-judgmental support. God blessed me with a compassionate heart enabling me to genuinely listen, to care and to love. I truly believe every soul will recover when given genuine care, love and understanding. With years of mental health experience as an ABA therapist and child, youth and family therapist at NAVOS, plus HR experience, I am building a solid reputation for providing standout quality child, youth, adult and family counseling.
(425) 215-0955 View (425) 215-0955
Photo of Veronica Marie Scott, MA, LMHC, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Veronica Marie Scott
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMHC, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Flagler Beach, FL 32136
Life can present us with unexpected situations that throw our world into chaos. We may have to make changes or learn how to cope in a new way that allows us to feel successful. We also go through internal changes that affect the way we feel or think about life even when nothing round us has changed. When things happen, talking about the situation can yield new understanding about our behaviors and needs. Therapy can lead us to feel better able to navigate the waters of life.
Life can present us with unexpected situations that throw our world into chaos. We may have to make changes or learn how to cope in a new way that allows us to feel successful. We also go through internal changes that affect the way we feel or think about life even when nothing round us has changed. When things happen, talking about the situation can yield new understanding about our behaviors and needs. Therapy can lead us to feel better able to navigate the waters of life.
(386) 260-4399 View (386) 260-4399
Photo of Kian F Jacobs, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kian F Jacobs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Flagler Beach, FL 32136  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Certified EMDR Therapist and find that EMDR can quickly offer relief and resources for those struggling. I combine Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Internal Family Systems, online video therapy sessions. Attunement, creativity, brief solution focused treatment, trauma and process addictions work are my strengths. I work to counsel in a judgement free zone and have the unique ability to relate to people of all ages, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, spirituality, and socioeconomic status. I will provide feedback. I am a resource, not a bobble head. Licensed and actively practicing in northeast Florida and CT.
I am a Certified EMDR Therapist and find that EMDR can quickly offer relief and resources for those struggling. I combine Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Internal Family Systems, online video therapy sessions. Attunement, creativity, brief solution focused treatment, trauma and process addictions work are my strengths. I work to counsel in a judgement free zone and have the unique ability to relate to people of all ages, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, spirituality, and socioeconomic status. I will provide feedback. I am a resource, not a bobble head. Licensed and actively practicing in northeast Florida and CT.
(386) 200-1424 View (386) 200-1424

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Charlotte Harts, MS, LMHC
Charlotte Harts
MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palm Coast, FL 32164
Life throws us curve balls, which can sometimes feel debilitating. As an LGBTQ+ therapist, I understand the unique challenges and experiences that you may face and I strive to provide a safe, welcoming space for you to show up authentically. So often in society, we are encouraged to neglect our own needs and put others above us. Self-betrayal is learned as a protective feature, and what you may not realize is how exhausting it is to your body. When you betray your needs, you also tell yourself 'My needs are not important. I am not important.' The truth is, your needs ARE important and you are enough.
Life throws us curve balls, which can sometimes feel debilitating. As an LGBTQ+ therapist, I understand the unique challenges and experiences that you may face and I strive to provide a safe, welcoming space for you to show up authentically. So often in society, we are encouraged to neglect our own needs and put others above us. Self-betrayal is learned as a protective feature, and what you may not realize is how exhausting it is to your body. When you betray your needs, you also tell yourself 'My needs are not important. I am not important.' The truth is, your needs ARE important and you are enough.
(386) 388-6368 View (386) 388-6368
Photo of Dr. Martine Rose Wallenberg, MS, Ed D, LMHC, Counselor
Dr. Martine Rose Wallenberg
Counselor, MS, Ed D, LMHC
Verified Verified
Palm Coast, FL 32164
Having Problems? Are You Stressed? Are You Misunderstood? I see clients who have unresolved conflict. I see clients when: It is time to seek my assistance when your professional life is challenge. It is time to seek my assistance when you the parent(s) seeking help for your adolescent youth faced with conduct and/or academic challenges. It is time to seek my assistance when you are faced with finding yourself and you are seeking a path to enlightenment so a healing and/or realignment of the mind, body and spirit to include the soul can occur through power of sounds found in the Lotus Sutra NAM-MYO-HO-REN-GE-KYO-cause and effect.
Having Problems? Are You Stressed? Are You Misunderstood? I see clients who have unresolved conflict. I see clients when: It is time to seek my assistance when your professional life is challenge. It is time to seek my assistance when you the parent(s) seeking help for your adolescent youth faced with conduct and/or academic challenges. It is time to seek my assistance when you are faced with finding yourself and you are seeking a path to enlightenment so a healing and/or realignment of the mind, body and spirit to include the soul can occur through power of sounds found in the Lotus Sutra NAM-MYO-HO-REN-GE-KYO-cause and effect.
(386) 977-8828 View (386) 977-8828
Photo of Jim Jenkins, LMHC, Counselor
Jim Jenkins
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Palm Coast, FL 32137
Success begins with smarter choices. Sometimes we just need someone to clarify how we are feeling and thinking about something to get energized about some plan or change in our life. TurningPoint Counseling and Life Coaching can help you make those smarter choices and get you on your way to where you want to be.
Success begins with smarter choices. Sometimes we just need someone to clarify how we are feeling and thinking about something to get energized about some plan or change in our life. TurningPoint Counseling and Life Coaching can help you make those smarter choices and get you on your way to where you want to be.
(828) 536-1244 View (828) 536-1244
Photo of Michelle C Williams, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle C Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palm Coast, FL 32137  (Online Only)
The foundation of my work as a therapist is the knowledge that being attuned to your needs in a therapeutic relationship will make a lasting positive change in your life. I foster a secure and compassionate holding environment for you to explore your path, while providing expert reflective feedback to help you relieve your distress. This helps you heal, feel better, and have more volition over choices you make in life.
The foundation of my work as a therapist is the knowledge that being attuned to your needs in a therapeutic relationship will make a lasting positive change in your life. I foster a secure and compassionate holding environment for you to explore your path, while providing expert reflective feedback to help you relieve your distress. This helps you heal, feel better, and have more volition over choices you make in life.
(347) 429-6330 View (347) 429-6330
Photo of Dr. Lisa M Johnson, EdD, LCSW-QS, LMFT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Lisa M Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, EdD, LCSW-QS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palm Coast, FL 32137
There is a wide variety of specific reasons why someone seeks counseling or therapy. Whatever your situation, please know that you are not alone. My goal is to empower you through reflective listening, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, person-centered therapy, and other interventions, so you can self-advocate and harness your strengths to find healthy and lasting solutions that work for you.
There is a wide variety of specific reasons why someone seeks counseling or therapy. Whatever your situation, please know that you are not alone. My goal is to empower you through reflective listening, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, person-centered therapy, and other interventions, so you can self-advocate and harness your strengths to find healthy and lasting solutions that work for you.
(386) 210-3573 View (386) 210-3573
Photo of Sharell D Arneaud, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sharell D Arneaud
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palm Coast, FL 32137  (Online Only)
Dealing with past trauma, your relationships struggling, struggling with low self-esteem, facing life transitions, feeling angry, in a funk, everything seeming to go wrong, walls are caving in? Perhaps gaining the coping skills to find your place of peace, and become more productive in life is what you need. My experiences have provided me with extensive exposure to the diverse needs individuals to work towards healing, hope, and gaining the ability to function in life again. Many people encounter challenging seasons in life, need encouragement, a chance to be heard, & a chance to work through the issues of life in a safe place.
Dealing with past trauma, your relationships struggling, struggling with low self-esteem, facing life transitions, feeling angry, in a funk, everything seeming to go wrong, walls are caving in? Perhaps gaining the coping skills to find your place of peace, and become more productive in life is what you need. My experiences have provided me with extensive exposure to the diverse needs individuals to work towards healing, hope, and gaining the ability to function in life again. Many people encounter challenging seasons in life, need encouragement, a chance to be heard, & a chance to work through the issues of life in a safe place.
(386) 356-4036 View (386) 356-4036
Photo of Steven Mollura, LMHC, LPC, Counselor
Steven Mollura
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Palm Coast, FL 32164  (Online Only)
I help people who feel at war with themselves and trapped in self-sabotage. If you’ve done the self-work, the in-depth exploration, and still can’t break free, I’m here to get you through to the next level. I provide a safe and open but challenging place so that clients can learn to accept themselves as they are, and improve themselves into the person they always wanted to be. Together we can embrace self-acceptance and self-improvement at the same time.
I help people who feel at war with themselves and trapped in self-sabotage. If you’ve done the self-work, the in-depth exploration, and still can’t break free, I’m here to get you through to the next level. I provide a safe and open but challenging place so that clients can learn to accept themselves as they are, and improve themselves into the person they always wanted to be. Together we can embrace self-acceptance and self-improvement at the same time.
(321) 306-0359 View (321) 306-0359
Photo of Ziyad Elassal - Addiction, Recovery, & Trauma Therapy  , MA, RMHCI
Addiction, Recovery, & Trauma Therapy
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MA, RMHCI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palm Coast, FL 32164
My name is Ziyad Elassal. As someone who has personally experienced the challenges and consequences of addiction, I understand the turmoil you may be going through. In fact, I almost lost my life in my own battle with addiction. But with the help of an amazing counselor, I was able to break free from the chains of addiction and embark on a journey of recovery. Having walked the path of recovery myself, I am deeply committed to helping others find hope and healing. I became a counselor because I wanted to inspire others through my own recovery story, showing them that a better life, free from the grips of addiction, is possible.
My name is Ziyad Elassal. As someone who has personally experienced the challenges and consequences of addiction, I understand the turmoil you may be going through. In fact, I almost lost my life in my own battle with addiction. But with the help of an amazing counselor, I was able to break free from the chains of addiction and embark on a journey of recovery. Having walked the path of recovery myself, I am deeply committed to helping others find hope and healing. I became a counselor because I wanted to inspire others through my own recovery story, showing them that a better life, free from the grips of addiction, is possible.
(386) 465-2242 View (386) 465-2242
Photo of Katina E Rikas - Katina E Rikas LMHC, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Katina E Rikas LMHC
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Palm Coast, FL 32137
With over twenty-five years of direct clinical care, I have the experience in providing counseling/psychotherapy for various issues and challenges that arise for most of us throughout the course our lives. My services range from bereavement/grief counseling, couples, marriage and family difficulties, transitional/life change issues, substance abuse and behavioral addictions, depression, anxiety, PTSD and thought disorders. In addition, I am certified in equine assisted psychotherapy for both children and adults which is a highly effective treatment for combat veterans, their families and those with other types of trauma.
With over twenty-five years of direct clinical care, I have the experience in providing counseling/psychotherapy for various issues and challenges that arise for most of us throughout the course our lives. My services range from bereavement/grief counseling, couples, marriage and family difficulties, transitional/life change issues, substance abuse and behavioral addictions, depression, anxiety, PTSD and thought disorders. In addition, I am certified in equine assisted psychotherapy for both children and adults which is a highly effective treatment for combat veterans, their families and those with other types of trauma.
(561) 715-2386 View (561) 715-2386
Photo of Edgar Leopold Anderson, BSN, MSHSA, PhD
Edgar Leopold Anderson
BSN, MSHSA, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palm Coast, FL 32137
Having a tough time? Like to take charge of your life in a relaxed manner? Reach enlightenment through self-management of hypnosis, biofeedback, Chakra meditation, acupressure and sound therapy. I see addicted and non-addicted patients to resolve symptomatic complaints. Here's your chance to explore self-healing properties. Sessions $160 (cash/check). Treatment continues until an agreed upon level of relief has been reached. Out of network health insurance available. Use video + teletherapy for most sessions. Please call free for consultations and more details.
Having a tough time? Like to take charge of your life in a relaxed manner? Reach enlightenment through self-management of hypnosis, biofeedback, Chakra meditation, acupressure and sound therapy. I see addicted and non-addicted patients to resolve symptomatic complaints. Here's your chance to explore self-healing properties. Sessions $160 (cash/check). Treatment continues until an agreed upon level of relief has been reached. Out of network health insurance available. Use video + teletherapy for most sessions. Please call free for consultations and more details.
(386) 793-5743 View (386) 793-5743

Online Therapists

Photo of Kristopher Thorpe, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kristopher Thorpe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Orlando, FL 32803  (Online Only)
While my main orientation is psychodynamic talk therapy, I integrate use of CBT, DBT, and systems theory as appropriate.
I am a queer therapist who believes the action of therapy is achieved through the building of a safe, collaborative, and trusting relationship between client and therapist. Two people come together with their individual identities and construct a space to facilitate growth, change, and insight. In this space we can begin to explore experiences of trauma, relationship, conflict and intention. It is through this exploration that we can begin understand our relationship to the world.
While my main orientation is psychodynamic talk therapy, I integrate use of CBT, DBT, and systems theory as appropriate.
I am a queer therapist who believes the action of therapy is achieved through the building of a safe, collaborative, and trusting relationship between client and therapist. Two people come together with their individual identities and construct a space to facilitate growth, change, and insight. In this space we can begin to explore experiences of trauma, relationship, conflict and intention. It is through this exploration that we can begin understand our relationship to the world.
(914) 354-3832 View (914) 354-3832
Photo of Leah S Taylor, LMHC, Counselor
Leah S Taylor
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Orlando, FL 32828  (Online Only)
My Counseling style is client centered with utilization of CBT, DBT, Psycho-educational, and Psychodynamic therapy.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in the state of Florida. I have a plethora of experience with in-patient and outpatient agencies which have allowed me to help clients overcome struggles with issues such as Substance use, Anxiety, Depression, Relationship issues, LGBTQ, Ethical Non-Monogamy/lifestyle concerns, Homelessness, Bipolar disorder, Personality disorders, and Trauma including sexual, emotional and physical abuse. My upbringing as the child of an immigrant Caribbean mother, and experience growing up in Brooklyn, NY allows me to bring a unique perspective to bring to the counseling experience.
My Counseling style is client centered with utilization of CBT, DBT, Psycho-educational, and Psychodynamic therapy.
Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in the state of Florida. I have a plethora of experience with in-patient and outpatient agencies which have allowed me to help clients overcome struggles with issues such as Substance use, Anxiety, Depression, Relationship issues, LGBTQ, Ethical Non-Monogamy/lifestyle concerns, Homelessness, Bipolar disorder, Personality disorders, and Trauma including sexual, emotional and physical abuse. My upbringing as the child of an immigrant Caribbean mother, and experience growing up in Brooklyn, NY allows me to bring a unique perspective to bring to the counseling experience.
(407) 543-1530 View (407) 543-1530
Photo of Alyssa Ramdihal, PsyD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Alyssa Ramdihal
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
Winter Garden, FL 34787
Alyssa believes that an important component of mental health is learning and understanding one's experiences, emotions, and styles of coping. Through a cyclical psychodynamic approach, she is able to address a client’s needs through the utilization of Psychodynamic, Cognitive-Behavioral, and Family Systems Therapy. She also practices from a culturally informed perspective and is an advocate for particularly marginalized communities. She understands that navigating one's mental health is not an easy task. Her goal is to help you process where you are in your mental health journey and allow you to achieve your ideal mental wellness.
Alyssa believes that an important component of mental health is learning and understanding one's experiences, emotions, and styles of coping. Through a cyclical psychodynamic approach, she is able to address a client’s needs through the utilization of Psychodynamic, Cognitive-Behavioral, and Family Systems Therapy. She also practices from a culturally informed perspective and is an advocate for particularly marginalized communities. She understands that navigating one's mental health is not an easy task. Her goal is to help you process where you are in your mental health journey and allow you to achieve your ideal mental wellness.
(407) 553-9541 View (407) 553-9541
Photo of Katrina 'katie' Morgan, LMHC, Counselor
Katrina 'katie' Morgan
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Jacksonville, FL 32216
I use evidence-based approaches in therapy: CBT, family systems, psychodynamic techniques, and DBT tools.
Have you ever had the feeling that you have been living your life on autopilot, then you look around and think, “how did I get here?” Perhaps this thought spirals into depression for lost time, poor choices, and/or missed opportunities. Maybe anxiety settles into your chest with this depression, causing crippling indecision. The weirdly good news is that you are not alone in these thoughts and feelings, and there IS something you can do about it. Nearly every person experiences some form of trauma in their lives, and most are ill-equipped to move forward functionally with the aftermath.
I use evidence-based approaches in therapy: CBT, family systems, psychodynamic techniques, and DBT tools.
Have you ever had the feeling that you have been living your life on autopilot, then you look around and think, “how did I get here?” Perhaps this thought spirals into depression for lost time, poor choices, and/or missed opportunities. Maybe anxiety settles into your chest with this depression, causing crippling indecision. The weirdly good news is that you are not alone in these thoughts and feelings, and there IS something you can do about it. Nearly every person experiences some form of trauma in their lives, and most are ill-equipped to move forward functionally with the aftermath.
(904) 932-0338 View (904) 932-0338
Photo of Sara Nixon, MA, RMHCI
Sara Nixon
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MA, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Orlando, FL 32803
With a trauma-informed and story-focused posture, I utilize Internal Family Systems, attachment-based models, Psychodynamic interventions, and somatic and mindfulness-based practices.
Hello! You have taken a courageous step by simply exploring therapy options, and my hope is that you continue to receive clarity and empowerment to take the next step. To be human is to experience both immense joy and overwhelming sadness or fear. Sometimes the fear just becomes too much, and we find helpful but harmful ways of coping. My desire is that the therapeutic, safe space invites you to return to hope, to play, and to belonging through relationship. This return will require walking through - not around - the pain and sadness. I would love to come alongside you in this process!
With a trauma-informed and story-focused posture, I utilize Internal Family Systems, attachment-based models, Psychodynamic interventions, and somatic and mindfulness-based practices.
Hello! You have taken a courageous step by simply exploring therapy options, and my hope is that you continue to receive clarity and empowerment to take the next step. To be human is to experience both immense joy and overwhelming sadness or fear. Sometimes the fear just becomes too much, and we find helpful but harmful ways of coping. My desire is that the therapeutic, safe space invites you to return to hope, to play, and to belonging through relationship. This return will require walking through - not around - the pain and sadness. I would love to come alongside you in this process!
(689) 260-6176 View (689) 260-6176
Photo of Sandra Rublee, MSW, LCSW-C, LISW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sandra Rublee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C, LISW
Verified Verified
Fernandina Beach, FL 32034  (Online Only)
I provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CBT for Eating disorders, Family Based Therapy (FBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and psychodynamic approaches.
Do you have intense feelings and upsetting thoughts that get in the way of moving forward in your life? Are you anxious about food, your eating, weight, or how your body looks? Does feeling sad, makes it hard to socialize with friends or get out of bed? Are you stressed about school or work which causes you to procrastinate? Do you struggle with relationships and have difficulties in communicating your needs? As your therapist, I show compassion for your problems, so you feel safe and understood. And at the same time, we will work together to find ways you can deal better with your situation while learning helpful tools.
I provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CBT for Eating disorders, Family Based Therapy (FBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and psychodynamic approaches.
Do you have intense feelings and upsetting thoughts that get in the way of moving forward in your life? Are you anxious about food, your eating, weight, or how your body looks? Does feeling sad, makes it hard to socialize with friends or get out of bed? Are you stressed about school or work which causes you to procrastinate? Do you struggle with relationships and have difficulties in communicating your needs? As your therapist, I show compassion for your problems, so you feel safe and understood. And at the same time, we will work together to find ways you can deal better with your situation while learning helpful tools.
(904) 906-2121 View (904) 906-2121

See more therapy options for Flagler Beach

Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.