Therapists in California

View cities and counties in California
Photo of Eliana Palacio Salazar, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Eliana Palacio Salazar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tarzana, CA 91356  (Online Only)
My approach to treatment is to provide a safe and open space that can enhance a unique journey toward healing and growth. I believe that each person has an innate feeling and wisdom of where they want to see themselves. My role is to help them explore those feelings and support them along the way. I enjoy working with diverse clients, of all ages, races, ethnicities, gender identities, and sexual orientations.
My approach to treatment is to provide a safe and open space that can enhance a unique journey toward healing and growth. I believe that each person has an innate feeling and wisdom of where they want to see themselves. My role is to help them explore those feelings and support them along the way. I enjoy working with diverse clients, of all ages, races, ethnicities, gender identities, and sexual orientations.
(661) 466-2297 View (661) 466-2297
Photo of Paul R Puccinelli, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Paul R Puccinelli
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Anselmo, CA 94960
I am a dedicated and compassionate Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). My therapeutic approach is grounded in evidence-based methods that have been proven effective in promoting mental and emotional well-being. I have developed a deep understanding of and specialize in working with individuals living with Parkinson's Disease, as well as their dedicated caregivers. In addition, I work with couples to rebuild trust, improve communications, and strengthen their connection. I offer guidance and support for young individuals, who need help developing coping strategies to address issues such as anxiety or depression.
I am a dedicated and compassionate Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT). My therapeutic approach is grounded in evidence-based methods that have been proven effective in promoting mental and emotional well-being. I have developed a deep understanding of and specialize in working with individuals living with Parkinson's Disease, as well as their dedicated caregivers. In addition, I work with couples to rebuild trust, improve communications, and strengthen their connection. I offer guidance and support for young individuals, who need help developing coping strategies to address issues such as anxiety or depression.
(415) 326-1384 View (415) 326-1384
Photo of Linda Michels, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Linda Michels
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I think you know what would make you happy but don't know how to make it happen. This applies to both individuals and couples. People stop themselves from moving forward because they think they can't or don't deserve to get their own needs met. I can help you overcome blocks, fears, guilt, depression, and/or self-defeating behaviors so you can free yourself to be happy and more successful. It seems daunting but, with support and direction, it is possible to improve your life. This is even true for people who are suffering from more debilitating problems such as Bipolar Disorder, OCD,or Schizoaffective Disorders.
I think you know what would make you happy but don't know how to make it happen. This applies to both individuals and couples. People stop themselves from moving forward because they think they can't or don't deserve to get their own needs met. I can help you overcome blocks, fears, guilt, depression, and/or self-defeating behaviors so you can free yourself to be happy and more successful. It seems daunting but, with support and direction, it is possible to improve your life. This is even true for people who are suffering from more debilitating problems such as Bipolar Disorder, OCD,or Schizoaffective Disorders.
(415) 800-3916 View (415) 800-3916
Photo of Michael Meister, LPC, LPCC
Michael Meister
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients. I am a highly skilled Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) with a strong academic foundation and over 13 years of professional experience. With a Master's degree in Couneling Psychology, I bring a deep understanding of human behavior and emotions to my practice. My therapeutic approach is characterized by my commitment to working from a relational lens, fostering genuine connections to facilitate healing and growth. As a practitioner with over a decade of experience, I have honed my expertise in helping individuals navigate life's challenges and complexities.
Accepting new clients. I am a highly skilled Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) with a strong academic foundation and over 13 years of professional experience. With a Master's degree in Couneling Psychology, I bring a deep understanding of human behavior and emotions to my practice. My therapeutic approach is characterized by my commitment to working from a relational lens, fostering genuine connections to facilitate healing and growth. As a practitioner with over a decade of experience, I have honed my expertise in helping individuals navigate life's challenges and complexities.
(858) 758-7561 View (858) 758-7561
Photo of Brenda Santillan, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brenda Santillan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Fernando, CA 91340  (Online Only)
Sometimes life just gets too heavy and you just need to unload it somewhere. The idea of coming to a random stranger to speaking about your concerns can be daunting and scary. Will they understand me? Is my issue even worth talking about? What if I don't like my therapist? These and so many questions run through your head as you look through the list of therapists. My goal as your therapist is to provide you with the space and comfort to explore your own story, your own adventures, and your own growth.
Sometimes life just gets too heavy and you just need to unload it somewhere. The idea of coming to a random stranger to speaking about your concerns can be daunting and scary. Will they understand me? Is my issue even worth talking about? What if I don't like my therapist? These and so many questions run through your head as you look through the list of therapists. My goal as your therapist is to provide you with the space and comfort to explore your own story, your own adventures, and your own growth.
(818) 276-9836 View (818) 276-9836
Photo of Sylvia P Jasso, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sylvia P Jasso
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Modesto, CA 95355  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Sylvia Jasso is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that has been providing therapy for over six years. Sylvia is bilingual and has experience providing therapy in Spanish. Sylvia has worked with different populations ranging from teenagers to older adults. If your goal is processing tough experiences in a safe space, being able to more effectively deal with everyday stressors, or finding ways to deal with emotions in a healthier way, Sylvia can help with that.
Sylvia Jasso is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker that has been providing therapy for over six years. Sylvia is bilingual and has experience providing therapy in Spanish. Sylvia has worked with different populations ranging from teenagers to older adults. If your goal is processing tough experiences in a safe space, being able to more effectively deal with everyday stressors, or finding ways to deal with emotions in a healthier way, Sylvia can help with that.
(209) 886-4041 View (209) 886-4041
Photo of Kelli Rugless, PsyD, Psychologist
Kelli Rugless
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90211  (Online Only)
Do you feel the pressure to be perfect all the time?...with food, relationships, your job, and even your appearance? Do you look at yourself in old pictures with admiration…only to remember that even then, you weren’t able to appreciate yourself? Maybe you’re tired of stressing over every bite you take and still feeling out of control with food. At this point, maybe it’s hard to even remember a time you didn’t feel like this. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to find joy in your day-to-day again. Most of all, you’re ready for a new "normal" and I can help you get there.
Do you feel the pressure to be perfect all the time?...with food, relationships, your job, and even your appearance? Do you look at yourself in old pictures with admiration…only to remember that even then, you weren’t able to appreciate yourself? Maybe you’re tired of stressing over every bite you take and still feeling out of control with food. At this point, maybe it’s hard to even remember a time you didn’t feel like this. But one thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to find joy in your day-to-day again. Most of all, you’re ready for a new "normal" and I can help you get there.
(310) 746-5234 View (310) 746-5234
Photo of Andria Marie Cremolini, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Andria Marie Cremolini
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lafayette, CA 94549
I specialize in working with preteens, teens and young adults with eating disorders, depression and mood disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, and trauma. I am passionate about working with individuals who want to foster a greater sense of self compassion, to improve self worth and body image, or to work to develop more satisfying relationships with others. I work collaboratively and from a strength-based perspective to aide in the development of skills that allow you to live a full and more meaningful life. My therapeutic style is warm, engaging and respectful.
I specialize in working with preteens, teens and young adults with eating disorders, depression and mood disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, and trauma. I am passionate about working with individuals who want to foster a greater sense of self compassion, to improve self worth and body image, or to work to develop more satisfying relationships with others. I work collaboratively and from a strength-based perspective to aide in the development of skills that allow you to live a full and more meaningful life. My therapeutic style is warm, engaging and respectful.
(925) 297-6627 View (925) 297-6627
Photo of Kenneth John Colenzo, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kenneth John Colenzo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Davis, CA 95616
Waitlist for new clients
Are you feeling depleted and overwhelmed? Are you finding it difficult to connect with others or no longer feeling like yourself? I assure you, you are not alone. I am here to help. I have over 15 years of experience providing support to children, adolescents, adults and families struggling with anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict and self-esteem issues. I really enjoy working with parents. One of my passions is working with people on the autism spectrum who want to build socialization skills that allow them to celebrate the beautiful person they are rather than focus solely on how they conform to societal norms.
Are you feeling depleted and overwhelmed? Are you finding it difficult to connect with others or no longer feeling like yourself? I assure you, you are not alone. I am here to help. I have over 15 years of experience providing support to children, adolescents, adults and families struggling with anxiety, depression, interpersonal conflict and self-esteem issues. I really enjoy working with parents. One of my passions is working with people on the autism spectrum who want to build socialization skills that allow them to celebrate the beautiful person they are rather than focus solely on how they conform to societal norms.
(530) 456-4450 View (530) 456-4450
Photo of Arnold Acquah, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Arnold Acquah
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Burlingame, CA 94010
My name is Arnold Acquah, MSW, LCSW. My goals as a therapist are to help my clients recognize their capacity for self-sufficiency and self-advocacy, ultimately helping them recognize the power that they wield. My areas of focus include working with adults struggling with ADHD, depression, and anxiety. My job is to help you navigate through the complexities of life so that we can understand the underlying factors that contribute to your current struggles. This understanding may pave the way for us to work towards decreasing the distress you may be experiencing.
My name is Arnold Acquah, MSW, LCSW. My goals as a therapist are to help my clients recognize their capacity for self-sufficiency and self-advocacy, ultimately helping them recognize the power that they wield. My areas of focus include working with adults struggling with ADHD, depression, and anxiety. My job is to help you navigate through the complexities of life so that we can understand the underlying factors that contribute to your current struggles. This understanding may pave the way for us to work towards decreasing the distress you may be experiencing.
(650) 610-2687 View (650) 610-2687
Photo of Jeffrey Adorador, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jeffrey Adorador
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Roseville, CA 95678
Life is a journey. I am not here to judge. I am here as a guide. I counsel individuals, couples, and teenagers in a safe, honest and "down-to-earth" manner. I work inside a comfortable private office providing traditional psychotherapy. For those clients that would like a more experiential approach, I also take therapy outside with Walk and Talk Therapy. Individual clients accompany me on a two-hour light hike/walk that combines movement, nature and psychotherapy. For those who are too busy to leave their home or office, I provide on-line counseling as well. I am eager to meet you and honored to help.
Life is a journey. I am not here to judge. I am here as a guide. I counsel individuals, couples, and teenagers in a safe, honest and "down-to-earth" manner. I work inside a comfortable private office providing traditional psychotherapy. For those clients that would like a more experiential approach, I also take therapy outside with Walk and Talk Therapy. Individual clients accompany me on a two-hour light hike/walk that combines movement, nature and psychotherapy. For those who are too busy to leave their home or office, I provide on-line counseling as well. I am eager to meet you and honored to help.
(530) 491-4622 View (530) 491-4622
Photo of Nina Jordan Taubenfeld, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Nina Jordan Taubenfeld
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Studio City, CA 91604  (Online Only)
Are you a creative struggling with substance use issues? I have experience working with people in the arts, addiction, substance use disorder, 12-step, anxiety, depression, and LGBTQ+ issues. I believe healing starts with the transformative power of empathy and genuine connection. Through a client-centered approach, I create a nurturing environment where you can explore your emotions, thoughts, and experiences without judgment.
Are you a creative struggling with substance use issues? I have experience working with people in the arts, addiction, substance use disorder, 12-step, anxiety, depression, and LGBTQ+ issues. I believe healing starts with the transformative power of empathy and genuine connection. Through a client-centered approach, I create a nurturing environment where you can explore your emotions, thoughts, and experiences without judgment.
(747) 349-3712 View (747) 349-3712
Photo of Julie Miknis, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Julie Miknis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Corte Madera, CA 94925
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist, specializing in DBT, RO-DBT and CBT for adolescents and adults. I am committed to providing a safe and hope-filled space for my clients to explore their experiences and move towards healing and transformation. In a confidential, caring, and supportive environment, my goal as a therapist is to help clients work through the struggles they face that hold them back from living a life of happiness, purpose, and meaning.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist, specializing in DBT, RO-DBT and CBT for adolescents and adults. I am committed to providing a safe and hope-filled space for my clients to explore their experiences and move towards healing and transformation. In a confidential, caring, and supportive environment, my goal as a therapist is to help clients work through the struggles they face that hold them back from living a life of happiness, purpose, and meaning.
(415) 943-4537 View (415) 943-4537
Photo of Jonathan Nadlman, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jonathan Nadlman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
I have been a counselor in the field of Psychology for over 35 years, working with individuals and couples to help them exchange intensity and drama or isolation and loneliness for intimacy, respect, appreciation and love. My time proven techniques will help you to heal past relationship trauma and emotional wounds that continue to resurface and undermine current or potential relationships. Navigating emotional embodiment is mean't to call up intense discomfort. Do not back away from this edge. Your authentic self lives on the other side of uncomfortable.
I have been a counselor in the field of Psychology for over 35 years, working with individuals and couples to help them exchange intensity and drama or isolation and loneliness for intimacy, respect, appreciation and love. My time proven techniques will help you to heal past relationship trauma and emotional wounds that continue to resurface and undermine current or potential relationships. Navigating emotional embodiment is mean't to call up intense discomfort. Do not back away from this edge. Your authentic self lives on the other side of uncomfortable.
(424) 570-2018 View (424) 570-2018
Photo of Amanda M Roeben, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amanda M Roeben
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hanford, CA 93230
As a person who has experienced multiple traumas both as a child and as an adult, I know that being on the path to healing is one of the bravest and hardest journeys we will take in this lifetime. On this journey of unlearning, learning, and becoming I have learned that we humans are integrated beings and therefore require an integrated approach to healing. Working with me will include attuning to our psychological bodies, emotional bodies, physical bodies, and energetic bodies. I have witnessed the miracle of our capacity to heal and I would be honored to guide you to your best healer: YOU.
As a person who has experienced multiple traumas both as a child and as an adult, I know that being on the path to healing is one of the bravest and hardest journeys we will take in this lifetime. On this journey of unlearning, learning, and becoming I have learned that we humans are integrated beings and therefore require an integrated approach to healing. Working with me will include attuning to our psychological bodies, emotional bodies, physical bodies, and energetic bodies. I have witnessed the miracle of our capacity to heal and I would be honored to guide you to your best healer: YOU.
(559) 415-3328 View (559) 415-3328
Photo of Michelle Feng, PhD, Psychologist
Michelle Feng
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Not accepting new clients
I am a USC and UCSD trained clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of chronic pain and age-related issues. Living with chronic pain makes everything else more difficult. It can be hard not to think about the pain and the never ending search for a cure. I use evidence-based treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy to help clients cope with physical symptoms so that they can get back to living your life.
I am a USC and UCSD trained clinical psychologist specializing in the treatment of chronic pain and age-related issues. Living with chronic pain makes everything else more difficult. It can be hard not to think about the pain and the never ending search for a cure. I use evidence-based treatments such as cognitive-behavioral therapy to help clients cope with physical symptoms so that they can get back to living your life.
(323) 615-2127 View (323) 615-2127
Photo of Morgan Elissa White, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Morgan Elissa White
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Larkspur, CA 94939
You or your loved one might feel unmotivated, misunderstood, rejected, sad or nervous. As humans, we all experience difficult feelings from time to time, which is typically nothing to worry about. If these feelings are more persistent and intense, you might notice difficulty with mood, self esteem, interpersonal relationships and/or functioning well at work, home or school. In these cases it can be helpful to seek the help of a professional. When therapist and client are a good fit, I have seen firsthand that psychological suffering can be significantly reduced via the healing nature of the therapeutic relationship.
You or your loved one might feel unmotivated, misunderstood, rejected, sad or nervous. As humans, we all experience difficult feelings from time to time, which is typically nothing to worry about. If these feelings are more persistent and intense, you might notice difficulty with mood, self esteem, interpersonal relationships and/or functioning well at work, home or school. In these cases it can be helpful to seek the help of a professional. When therapist and client are a good fit, I have seen firsthand that psychological suffering can be significantly reduced via the healing nature of the therapeutic relationship.
(415) 671-9382 View (415) 671-9382
Thomas E Bell
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92128
I prefer clients who are receptive to looking at their situation as a result of earlier decisions and experiences. I am not judgemental or critical. I try to help clients make sense of their situation.
I prefer clients who are receptive to looking at their situation as a result of earlier decisions and experiences. I am not judgemental or critical. I try to help clients make sense of their situation.
(858) 217-4873 View (858) 217-4873
Photo of Anjna Champaneri - Anjna Champaneri - Expansive Therapy, ACSW
Anjna Champaneri - Expansive Therapy
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, ACSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
My aim is to create a caring therapeutic relationship with you that is founded in empathy, trust, and respect. Together we will create a safe and open environment for brave and insightful explorations. I offer collaborative, client-centered therapy that supports the development of personal insights and practical coping skills through curiosity, mindfulness, and compassion.
My aim is to create a caring therapeutic relationship with you that is founded in empathy, trust, and respect. Together we will create a safe and open environment for brave and insightful explorations. I offer collaborative, client-centered therapy that supports the development of personal insights and practical coping skills through curiosity, mindfulness, and compassion.
(415) 849-1396 View (415) 849-1396
Photo of Veronica Gutierrez, PhD, Psychologist
Veronica Gutierrez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vista, CA 92081
I am a licensed psychologist in Southern California. I earned my Ph.D. from UC Santa Barbara in 2004. I work with individuals of all ages. I have worked with various communities including the LGBTQ, low-income, and racial/ethnic communities. I speak both English and Spanish. I primarily use Insight Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to find connections between people’s childhood experiences and their current situations, decisions, behaviors, thoughts, and/or feelings. My goals in therapy are to help individuals find harmony and stability in their lives and move forward in their life paths, finding happiness and success.
I am a licensed psychologist in Southern California. I earned my Ph.D. from UC Santa Barbara in 2004. I work with individuals of all ages. I have worked with various communities including the LGBTQ, low-income, and racial/ethnic communities. I speak both English and Spanish. I primarily use Insight Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to find connections between people’s childhood experiences and their current situations, decisions, behaviors, thoughts, and/or feelings. My goals in therapy are to help individuals find harmony and stability in their lives and move forward in their life paths, finding happiness and success.
(760) 284-5643 View (760) 284-5643
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How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in California who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Relationship Issues
72% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth
56% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in California see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in California?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.