Family Therapy in City Center West, Philadelphia, PA

Photo of Sara Johnson, MA, LAPC, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sara Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LAPC, NCC
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102
If you'd like to be free from relational trauma, I would love to help you. I specialize in anxiety, depression, emotional and narcissistic abuse, Trauma/PTSD, ACA / ACoA recovery for adult children of alcoholics and family dysfunction, Personality Disorders, and ADHD. I've worked in substance abuse recovery for 8 years and led a group for adults with ADHD with the national organization CHADD for 3 years. I work with abuse survivors and I lead an ongoing group for recovery from gaslighting, narcissistic and emotional abuse, betrayal trauma, and intimate partner violence. If you're going through hell, keep going.
If you'd like to be free from relational trauma, I would love to help you. I specialize in anxiety, depression, emotional and narcissistic abuse, Trauma/PTSD, ACA / ACoA recovery for adult children of alcoholics and family dysfunction, Personality Disorders, and ADHD. I've worked in substance abuse recovery for 8 years and led a group for adults with ADHD with the national organization CHADD for 3 years. I work with abuse survivors and I lead an ongoing group for recovery from gaslighting, narcissistic and emotional abuse, betrayal trauma, and intimate partner violence. If you're going through hell, keep going.
(215) 910-4075 View (215) 910-4075
Photo of Ellen L Wright, PhD, Psychologist
Ellen L Wright
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19103
People enter therapy because they want to improve something in their lives. Often the timing of this choice to seek therapy is not ideal - you may be having family or work stress, you may be depressed, anxious, tired and unable to think clearly or make decisions. At these times you need a therapist who is well respected, thoughtful, and capable. I am a licensed Psychologist who has been in private practice in Center City, Philadelphia for over 25 years. I work with adults and young adults (16 years +) facing emotional, interpersonal, career and medical challenges.
People enter therapy because they want to improve something in their lives. Often the timing of this choice to seek therapy is not ideal - you may be having family or work stress, you may be depressed, anxious, tired and unable to think clearly or make decisions. At these times you need a therapist who is well respected, thoughtful, and capable. I am a licensed Psychologist who has been in private practice in Center City, Philadelphia for over 25 years. I work with adults and young adults (16 years +) facing emotional, interpersonal, career and medical challenges.
(215) 977-4211 View (215) 977-4211
Photo of Arlene Goldman, PhD, Psychologist
Arlene Goldman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102
I help individuals and couples resolve their sexual and relationship issues and enhance their lives. I've been a psychologist and sex therapist for over 30 years, my approach begins with a comprehensive evaluation to determine the cause(s) contributing to your difficulties. Then you and I create a plan that is tailored to helping you, decrease anxiety, resolve blocks, learn communication and coping skills and achieve relationship and sexual satisfaction. My approach draws from my training in sex therapy, family systems, psychodynamic and cognitive therapies as well as hypnosis and EMDR.
I help individuals and couples resolve their sexual and relationship issues and enhance their lives. I've been a psychologist and sex therapist for over 30 years, my approach begins with a comprehensive evaluation to determine the cause(s) contributing to your difficulties. Then you and I create a plan that is tailored to helping you, decrease anxiety, resolve blocks, learn communication and coping skills and achieve relationship and sexual satisfaction. My approach draws from my training in sex therapy, family systems, psychodynamic and cognitive therapies as well as hypnosis and EMDR.
(267) 348-4224 View (267) 348-4224
Photo of Bethanne Fetzer - A Journey To You LLC Professional Counseling Svcs, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
A Journey To You LLC Professional Counseling Svcs
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102
Do you want to simply "survive" in life, or do you want to "thrive" in life? Unfortunately many of us are simply surviving. My name is Bethanne Fetzer. With over two decades in the field of human services, I, along with my dedicated staff have created a space coupled with highly effective treatment approaches to help you to live again! We offer services to those who need to heal from depression, anxiety, family conflict, life transitions, sex and gender issues, trauma, abuse, and grief and loss. When we rid our lives of these "toxins", we make room to begin a life journey that we never thought was possible!
Do you want to simply "survive" in life, or do you want to "thrive" in life? Unfortunately many of us are simply surviving. My name is Bethanne Fetzer. With over two decades in the field of human services, I, along with my dedicated staff have created a space coupled with highly effective treatment approaches to help you to live again! We offer services to those who need to heal from depression, anxiety, family conflict, life transitions, sex and gender issues, trauma, abuse, and grief and loss. When we rid our lives of these "toxins", we make room to begin a life journey that we never thought was possible!
(814) 476-8470 View (814) 476-8470
Photo of Faith Dyson-Washington, PhD, LPC, Psychologist
Faith Dyson-Washington
Psychologist, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19103
Do you desire to succeed at juggling work and/or school and family responsibilities while simultaneously taking good care of yourself? I specialize in assisting women improve the quality of their lives by helping them find balance and meaning in their daily routines. I use an integrative cognitive behavioral approach to guide the therapeutic process in order to allow my clients to identify appropriate thoughts and actions that will aid them in achieving their desired goals as well as reduce any debilitating psychological symptoms they may be experiencing.
Do you desire to succeed at juggling work and/or school and family responsibilities while simultaneously taking good care of yourself? I specialize in assisting women improve the quality of their lives by helping them find balance and meaning in their daily routines. I use an integrative cognitive behavioral approach to guide the therapeutic process in order to allow my clients to identify appropriate thoughts and actions that will aid them in achieving their desired goals as well as reduce any debilitating psychological symptoms they may be experiencing.
(215) 987-5381 x3 View (215) 987-5381 x3
Photo of Brianna Banks, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brianna Banks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19103
My passion for therapy stems from my struggles of homelessness, the death of my father, and acceptance and belonging from my family.
Imagine a space where you are the leader of your world, and I am here to help you navigate it. Together, we will explore, understand, and transform your experiences into a journey of self-discovery and growth. In our sessions, I act as an active participant, working alongside clients to foster self-discovery and understanding. My approach is warm, curious, and challenging, creating a space where clients feel safe to explore and grow. Therapy is about people uncovering their inner strengths and navigating life's challenges. By providing a non-judgmental space, I help clients reflect on their experiences and develop new insights.
My passion for therapy stems from my struggles of homelessness, the death of my father, and acceptance and belonging from my family.
Imagine a space where you are the leader of your world, and I am here to help you navigate it. Together, we will explore, understand, and transform your experiences into a journey of self-discovery and growth. In our sessions, I act as an active participant, working alongside clients to foster self-discovery and understanding. My approach is warm, curious, and challenging, creating a space where clients feel safe to explore and grow. Therapy is about people uncovering their inner strengths and navigating life's challenges. By providing a non-judgmental space, I help clients reflect on their experiences and develop new insights.
(484) 930-1957 View (484) 930-1957
Photo of John Bailey, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
John Bailey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102
My counseling style is eclectic, incorporating various therapeutic modalities, including cognitive behavioral therapy, client-centered therapy, solution-focused therapy, play therapy, Gestalt therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and eco-systemic family therapy.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 20 years of experience. I received my bachelor’s degree in Psychology and undergraduate general education from Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, followed by a master’s degree in Human Services from Lincoln University. I work with clients of all ages who are experiencing stress, anxiety, trauma, depression, family issues, behavioral issues, personality disorders, men’s issues, relationship concerns, and more.
My counseling style is eclectic, incorporating various therapeutic modalities, including cognitive behavioral therapy, client-centered therapy, solution-focused therapy, play therapy, Gestalt therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and eco-systemic family therapy.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 20 years of experience. I received my bachelor’s degree in Psychology and undergraduate general education from Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, followed by a master’s degree in Human Services from Lincoln University. I work with clients of all ages who are experiencing stress, anxiety, trauma, depression, family issues, behavioral issues, personality disorders, men’s issues, relationship concerns, and more.
(484) 742-3226 View (484) 742-3226
Photo of Karli Rosen, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Karli Rosen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102
Do you find yourself exhausted by the overthinking of your decisions and interactions? Feeling unheard or misunderstood by your partner(s), family, or colleagues? Are you tired of feeling stuck? Feeling connected to yourself and at ease within your relationships is possible, even when living in a society that often asks more of us than we are able or willing to give. I can help you live authentically within your life and relationships by finding and implementing ways to identify and communicate your needs, limits, and desires.
Do you find yourself exhausted by the overthinking of your decisions and interactions? Feeling unheard or misunderstood by your partner(s), family, or colleagues? Are you tired of feeling stuck? Feeling connected to yourself and at ease within your relationships is possible, even when living in a society that often asks more of us than we are able or willing to give. I can help you live authentically within your life and relationships by finding and implementing ways to identify and communicate your needs, limits, and desires.
(267) 551-5816 View (267) 551-5816
Photo of Laura Gayle Turner, CIT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Laura Gayle Turner
Pre-Licensed Professional, CIT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
My clients are people navigating life transitions, learning to love their bodies, or questioning their gender identity and/or sexual orientation. Our time together might look like healing trauma, reconnecting with family, or using mindfulness exercises to create more bodily awareness. Through this process, I spend time with clients to discover the values and pieces of their identity making them who they are. A big part of my role is empowering these individual pieces so clients can feel whole.
My clients are people navigating life transitions, learning to love their bodies, or questioning their gender identity and/or sexual orientation. Our time together might look like healing trauma, reconnecting with family, or using mindfulness exercises to create more bodily awareness. Through this process, I spend time with clients to discover the values and pieces of their identity making them who they are. A big part of my role is empowering these individual pieces so clients can feel whole.
(332) 241-6686 View (332) 241-6686
Photo of John Bailey - Thriveworks Philadelphia Counseling and Life Coach, Counselor
Thriveworks Philadelphia Counseling and Life Coach
Counselor
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102
We offer individual counseling, psychiatry/medication management (virtual only), family counseling, couples therapy/marriage counseling, and child & teen therapy.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
We offer individual counseling, psychiatry/medication management (virtual only), family counseling, couples therapy/marriage counseling, and child & teen therapy.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(484) 989-7478 View (484) 989-7478
Photo of Wendy Lee Forman, PhD
Wendy Lee Forman
PhD
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102
Therapy is an interactive process,and I connect easily and well with people of all ages who are struggling with depression, anxiety,relationships and family issues,chronic illness or grief. I am a practical person with a good sense of humor and considerable empathy, employing a variety of useful techniques depending on specific problems and goals.
Therapy is an interactive process,and I connect easily and well with people of all ages who are struggling with depression, anxiety,relationships and family issues,chronic illness or grief. I am a practical person with a good sense of humor and considerable empathy, employing a variety of useful techniques depending on specific problems and goals.
(215) 340-1554 View (215) 340-1554
Photo of Thomas DeGeorge, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Thomas DeGeorge
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I'm Dr. DeGeorge, and I’ve had the honor of presenting at prestigious conferences, including the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors in New Orleans, the IAMFCA conference in Oxford, England, and The Asia/Pacific Conference in Brisbane, Australia. After nearly 28 years living in Pittsburgh, I’ve returned to my hometown of Philadelphia, where I serve as an Assistant Professor in the Graduate Counseling Department at Rosemont College.
I'm Dr. DeGeorge, and I’ve had the honor of presenting at prestigious conferences, including the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors in New Orleans, the IAMFCA conference in Oxford, England, and The Asia/Pacific Conference in Brisbane, Australia. After nearly 28 years living in Pittsburgh, I’ve returned to my hometown of Philadelphia, where I serve as an Assistant Professor in the Graduate Counseling Department at Rosemont College.
(484) 669-8564 View (484) 669-8564
Photo of Pamela Mongrandi, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Pamela Mongrandi
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19103
I am here to help you (your partner and family too, if desired) heal from trauma, abuse &/or relational wounds, shame, attachment issues & codependency, marital/couples issues, &/or addiction issues by providing support & coping skills to help you stand taller with a higher sense of personal and relational mastery.
I am here to help you (your partner and family too, if desired) heal from trauma, abuse &/or relational wounds, shame, attachment issues & codependency, marital/couples issues, &/or addiction issues by providing support & coping skills to help you stand taller with a higher sense of personal and relational mastery.
(484) 739-8918 View (484) 739-8918
Photo of Diana Cristina Larisgoitia, PhD, LPC, Counselor
Diana Cristina Larisgoitia
Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19103
I received training in family therapy modalities at the Family Institute of Philadelphia while in USA participating in an International Professional Exchange.
I am a bilingual professional counselor that provides services in English, Spanish and Portuguese for individual, children and families in the Philadelphia area. I have worked for many years with individuals with mental and physical illnesses. I have provided counseling to people with motor and hearing difficulties as well as those within the spectrum of autism. In my practice I utilize a variety of therapeutic modalities, including play therapy in different forms and family therapy approach. I have an extensive international background and feel comfortable with individuals of different and rich cultures. I am looking forward to work with you.
I received training in family therapy modalities at the Family Institute of Philadelphia while in USA participating in an International Professional Exchange.
I am a bilingual professional counselor that provides services in English, Spanish and Portuguese for individual, children and families in the Philadelphia area. I have worked for many years with individuals with mental and physical illnesses. I have provided counseling to people with motor and hearing difficulties as well as those within the spectrum of autism. In my practice I utilize a variety of therapeutic modalities, including play therapy in different forms and family therapy approach. I have an extensive international background and feel comfortable with individuals of different and rich cultures. I am looking forward to work with you.
(267) 682-8883 View (267) 682-8883
Photo of Nancy Roth, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nancy Roth
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19103
I am trained to use cognitive/behavioral, psychodynamic, and family structure techniques.
I believe that everyone has strengths--and that everyone encounters challenges. During difficult times, I can help you find new ways of understanding what's happening, additional resources for support and enhanced coping skills that build on your existing strengths. I work primarily with adults, individually, in couples or as families.
I am trained to use cognitive/behavioral, psychodynamic, and family structure techniques.
I believe that everyone has strengths--and that everyone encounters challenges. During difficult times, I can help you find new ways of understanding what's happening, additional resources for support and enhanced coping skills that build on your existing strengths. I work primarily with adults, individually, in couples or as families.
(215) 703-8849 View (215) 703-8849
Photo of Julia Gladstone, MFA, MSW, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Julia Gladstone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MFA, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102
I have training in Internal Family Systems, Psychodynamic, EMDR, AEDP, Somatic and Mindfulness techniques, Psychedelic-assisted therapy, Play therapy, and Expressive Arts.
Each of us has the capacity to flourish into our true potential. I work with children, adolescents, and adults to uncover their wholeness and belonging, which may be clouded by challenging behaviors or feelings such as shame, guilt, anger, anxiety, grief, or hopelessness. I specialize in working with people of all ages who are struggling with anxiety, depression, complex PTSD, attachment and relationship issues, sexuality and gender expression, creativity and self-esteem.
I have training in Internal Family Systems, Psychodynamic, EMDR, AEDP, Somatic and Mindfulness techniques, Psychedelic-assisted therapy, Play therapy, and Expressive Arts.
Each of us has the capacity to flourish into our true potential. I work with children, adolescents, and adults to uncover their wholeness and belonging, which may be clouded by challenging behaviors or feelings such as shame, guilt, anger, anxiety, grief, or hopelessness. I specialize in working with people of all ages who are struggling with anxiety, depression, complex PTSD, attachment and relationship issues, sexuality and gender expression, creativity and self-esteem.
(484) 669-8215 View (484) 669-8215
Photo of Victoria DiPinto - Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Philadelphia, Counselor
Thriveworks Counseling & Psychiatry Philadelphia
Counselor
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19103
We offer individual counseling, psychiatry/medication management (virtual only), family counseling, couples therapy/marriage counseling, and child & teen therapy.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
We offer individual counseling, psychiatry/medication management (virtual only), family counseling, couples therapy/marriage counseling, and child & teen therapy.
At Thriveworks, we're dedicated to providing top-tier mental health services that are easily accessible to everyone. With over 340 locations nationwide and flexible online therapy options, our professional therapists are equipped to assist you through any stress, life transitions, or ongoing mental health concerns. We prioritize your convenience and needs by offering flexible scheduling, including evening and weekend appointments, ensuring that you can start your therapy journey as early as this week. Plus, we accept most major insurance plans, making your path to mental health support smoother and more affordable.
(484) 312-5789 View (484) 312-5789
Photo of Dr. Dina Karvounides, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Dina Karvounides
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I am a clinical psychologist who is passionate about my work in supporting youth, young adults and their families to address life’s challenges. Over the past 16 years, I have worked with diverse patients who are coping with anxiety, depression, adjustment to chronic illness-particularly chronic pain conditions, challenges related to gender and sexual identity, as well as difficulties faced with peer and family relationships.
I am a clinical psychologist who is passionate about my work in supporting youth, young adults and their families to address life’s challenges. Over the past 16 years, I have worked with diverse patients who are coping with anxiety, depression, adjustment to chronic illness-particularly chronic pain conditions, challenges related to gender and sexual identity, as well as difficulties faced with peer and family relationships.
(215) 883-8949 View (215) 883-8949
Photo of Katie Fries - All of You Therapy- Trauma & Attachment Therapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
All of You Therapy- Trauma & Attachment Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102
We can help you reconnect to yourself and others through a variety of individual, family, and couples therapy techniques (EFT, EMDR, Gottman, family therapy, etc.
Our clients are sensitive, thoughtful adults who have experienced childhood abuse, neglect, and overall family dysfunction and have found ways to appear like they "have it all together" on the outside, but internally are suffering with painful memories, feelings of deep shame, and an overall sense of unworthiness. In our work with adults who have been raised by emotionally immature parents, we help clients re-discover, or perhaps discover for the first time, a true sense of self and identity. Many of our clients are parents who are committed to breaking the cycle of intergenerational trauma for the good of their children.
We can help you reconnect to yourself and others through a variety of individual, family, and couples therapy techniques (EFT, EMDR, Gottman, family therapy, etc.
Our clients are sensitive, thoughtful adults who have experienced childhood abuse, neglect, and overall family dysfunction and have found ways to appear like they "have it all together" on the outside, but internally are suffering with painful memories, feelings of deep shame, and an overall sense of unworthiness. In our work with adults who have been raised by emotionally immature parents, we help clients re-discover, or perhaps discover for the first time, a true sense of self and identity. Many of our clients are parents who are committed to breaking the cycle of intergenerational trauma for the good of their children.
(215) 999-8214 View (215) 999-8214
Photo of Elena Greenland, MA, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Elena Greenland
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
City Center West, Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
I work with adolescents, adult individuals, couples, and families to address issues related to body-mind connection, family dynamics, self-esteem, trauma, life transitions, and queer issues using mindfulness and somatic approaches with an emphasis of understanding and processing emotions through the body.
Therapy is a space to make friends with yourself through a collaborative and supportive relationship. I am passionate about working with people across various life stages in addressing body-mind connection, family dynamics, life transitions, self esteem, anxiety, trauma, and queer issues. Together, we will create a safe and personalized space that suits you, uniquely. I take a holistic approach to health, considering the interconnectedness of your body, mind, and environment. Getting in touch with your identity, your body, and your unfiltered self, helps us to identify and honor your needs in a way that works for you.
I work with adolescents, adult individuals, couples, and families to address issues related to body-mind connection, family dynamics, self-esteem, trauma, life transitions, and queer issues using mindfulness and somatic approaches with an emphasis of understanding and processing emotions through the body.
Therapy is a space to make friends with yourself through a collaborative and supportive relationship. I am passionate about working with people across various life stages in addressing body-mind connection, family dynamics, life transitions, self esteem, anxiety, trauma, and queer issues. Together, we will create a safe and personalized space that suits you, uniquely. I take a holistic approach to health, considering the interconnectedness of your body, mind, and environment. Getting in touch with your identity, your body, and your unfiltered self, helps us to identify and honor your needs in a way that works for you.
(267) 710-9790 View (267) 710-9790
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See more therapy options for City Center West, Philadelphia

Family Therapy

What do family therapists do?

A family therapist facilitates the process of understanding and improving how a family functions. The therapist will help family members develop empathy for one another. They’ll seek to understand existing patterns, misunderstandings, and conflicts that arise, in order to help the family arrive at a realistic, unified understanding and develop the coping skills they need to build stronger relationships.

How long does therapy for families take to work?

Therapy manifests differently in every family; a common time frame is 12 weekly sessions, but some families may see improvement after just a few weeks. Families should discuss their goals with the therapist at the beginning of the process and periodically revisit those goals to assess their progress together.

How can you encourage a family member to attend family therapy?

You can encourage family members to attend therapy by expressing with both love and concern the challenges you see and explaining how a therapist could help the family navigate those challenges together. An outside perspective can help everyone feel heard, get on the same page, and develop new skills. If family members are still hesitant, it may be helpful to emphasize that family therapy is short-term—it won’t last forever.

Is therapy for families effective?

Family therapy can significantly improve family dynamics and relationships. Research suggests that family therapy can help individuals understand their role in the family, communicate and solve problems together, reduce conflict and draw boundaries when necessary, and develop coping skills for stressors, major life changes, and mental or physical illnesses within the family.