Therapists in Santa Cruz, CA

Photo of Cindy Hedlin, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cindy Hedlin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Is your child struggling at home or in school? Are you having a hard time understanding what you/your child are going through? Are you looking for strategies to help your child thrive? If a parent or teacher is concerned about your child's mental health, social skills, or development, I'm here to help. Sometimes this may be a temporary worry relating to natural growing pains that are part of every child's development, an event in the child’s life, such as the loss of a loved one, or the beginning of a deeper issue. I understand the emotional stress a family experiences when a child is struggling.
Is your child struggling at home or in school? Are you having a hard time understanding what you/your child are going through? Are you looking for strategies to help your child thrive? If a parent or teacher is concerned about your child's mental health, social skills, or development, I'm here to help. Sometimes this may be a temporary worry relating to natural growing pains that are part of every child's development, an event in the child’s life, such as the loss of a loved one, or the beginning of a deeper issue. I understand the emotional stress a family experiences when a child is struggling.
(408) 868-5284 View (408) 868-5284
Photo of Teri L. Virostko, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Teri L. Virostko
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Not accepting new clients
We all go through difficult times and it takes courage to reach out for support. You may be wondering how therapy can help you. Perhaps you want support with a challenging issue, to relieve anxiety, recover from trauma or to change patterns that no longer work for you. You may want to improve a relationship or get support with parenting or working through loss. You can make changes, break patterns, and heal. Therapy is a place to get support, to explore new strategies for coping better with life, and to view things from an expanded perspective. Our challenges present us with opportunities to heal as well as grow.
We all go through difficult times and it takes courage to reach out for support. You may be wondering how therapy can help you. Perhaps you want support with a challenging issue, to relieve anxiety, recover from trauma or to change patterns that no longer work for you. You may want to improve a relationship or get support with parenting or working through loss. You can make changes, break patterns, and heal. Therapy is a place to get support, to explore new strategies for coping better with life, and to view things from an expanded perspective. Our challenges present us with opportunities to heal as well as grow.
(831) 888-0390 View (831) 888-0390
Photo of Stacey Alonzo, LMFT, LPCC, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Stacey Alonzo
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT, LPCC, MA
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95062  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I value you taking the first step in this new chapter of your life. Recognizing a desire for change and reaching out for support isn’t an easy process, but so many doors open when we’re in a space where we feel safe, seen, heard, understood, validated, and truly cared for. We could all use more compassion, empathy, and encouragement in our lives, especially during difficult times. My approach to counseling is warm, collaborative, curious, and non-judgmental. I am passionate about learning what your unique gifts are and supporting you in living a more authentic life.
Welcome! I value you taking the first step in this new chapter of your life. Recognizing a desire for change and reaching out for support isn’t an easy process, but so many doors open when we’re in a space where we feel safe, seen, heard, understood, validated, and truly cared for. We could all use more compassion, empathy, and encouragement in our lives, especially during difficult times. My approach to counseling is warm, collaborative, curious, and non-judgmental. I am passionate about learning what your unique gifts are and supporting you in living a more authentic life.
(831) 278-4237 View (831) 278-4237
Photo of Maura Furness, LCSW, PPSC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Maura Furness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Cruz, CA 95062  (Online Only)
I have a straight forward, strength-based, humanistic approach to working with my clients. I believe you have inherent strengths and transformational healing abilities no matter how much pain or suffering you may experience. My goal is to support you to discover and harness these abilities to access healing, freedom from suffering, and a deeper inner knowing.
I have a straight forward, strength-based, humanistic approach to working with my clients. I believe you have inherent strengths and transformational healing abilities no matter how much pain or suffering you may experience. My goal is to support you to discover and harness these abilities to access healing, freedom from suffering, and a deeper inner knowing.
(831) 292-4298 View (831) 292-4298
Photo of Heidi Poteet Marini, MA, LMFT, ALPCC, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Heidi Poteet Marini
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ALPCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Santa Cruz, CA 95062
Life can be hard but I'm guessing you already knew that.  All the hard stuff can leave us feeling overwhelmed, frustrated, or sad. Sometimes life's challenges become too difficult to overcome alone. Finding a safe and collaborative place to explore and address what is troubling you is the first step toward healing.  Perhaps you are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, or challenges within a relationship. While there are no guarantees of what you will experience in therapy, research shows that therapy helps people. It works. Psychotherapy can elevate feelings of self worth, purpose, and improve your overall quality of life.
Life can be hard but I'm guessing you already knew that.  All the hard stuff can leave us feeling overwhelmed, frustrated, or sad. Sometimes life's challenges become too difficult to overcome alone. Finding a safe and collaborative place to explore and address what is troubling you is the first step toward healing.  Perhaps you are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, or challenges within a relationship. While there are no guarantees of what you will experience in therapy, research shows that therapy helps people. It works. Psychotherapy can elevate feelings of self worth, purpose, and improve your overall quality of life.
(831) 232-9638 View (831) 232-9638
Photo of Shira Stone, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shira Stone
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95062
I have thirty years experience helping people who are suffering from depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, relationship conflict, stress, and many other issues that take away from quality of life. My approach goes beyond plain talk therapy. My goal is to help you release old wounds, connect with your true inner self, and find your power. Whether you are completely new to therapy or have had many therapists and are discouraged with a lack of results, I am dedicated to listening and finding the right approach for you, the unique human that you are. I want to empower you to achieve your goals and live the fulfilling life that you deserve.
I have thirty years experience helping people who are suffering from depression, anxiety, trauma, PTSD, relationship conflict, stress, and many other issues that take away from quality of life. My approach goes beyond plain talk therapy. My goal is to help you release old wounds, connect with your true inner self, and find your power. Whether you are completely new to therapy or have had many therapists and are discouraged with a lack of results, I am dedicated to listening and finding the right approach for you, the unique human that you are. I want to empower you to achieve your goals and live the fulfilling life that you deserve.
(831) 684-7487 View (831) 684-7487
Photo of Terri Drake, Marriage & Family Therapist
Terri Drake
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95062
I want you to have a better life. Maybe you're lonely or sad. Maybe you're struggling in your relationships. Together, we'll get to the root of your pain. We'll uncover the patterns and wounds that get in the way of having the life you want. My caring presence provides a place where you can revitalize your life and fill it with new meaning.
I want you to have a better life. Maybe you're lonely or sad. Maybe you're struggling in your relationships. Together, we'll get to the root of your pain. We'll uncover the patterns and wounds that get in the way of having the life you want. My caring presence provides a place where you can revitalize your life and fill it with new meaning.
(831) 272-4975 View (831) 272-4975
Photo of Eben Rogers, BA, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Eben Rogers
Marriage & Family Therapist, BA, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist with a masters in counseling and a commitment to helping my clients reach their full potential. I provide engaged and compassionate therapy to families, adults, children, teens, and couples in a safe, nurturing environment. Whether you are dealing with a specific challenge, such as grief or a rough spot in your relationship, or you simply want to find more balance in your life, therapy can provide new tools and a fresh perspective.
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist with a masters in counseling and a commitment to helping my clients reach their full potential. I provide engaged and compassionate therapy to families, adults, children, teens, and couples in a safe, nurturing environment. Whether you are dealing with a specific challenge, such as grief or a rough spot in your relationship, or you simply want to find more balance in your life, therapy can provide new tools and a fresh perspective.
(831) 221-5942 View (831) 221-5942
Photo of Hannah Fisher, MA, LPCC
Hannah Fisher
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Partnering with teens, adolescents, and young adults on their mental health journey, I will create a safe space for my clients and to walk through the challenges they identify. Trust, privacy, safety, and security ensure strong therapeutic relationships; these are my values as a therapist. I am committed to honoring clients' authenticity and willingness to share their stories.
Partnering with teens, adolescents, and young adults on their mental health journey, I will create a safe space for my clients and to walk through the challenges they identify. Trust, privacy, safety, and security ensure strong therapeutic relationships; these are my values as a therapist. I am committed to honoring clients' authenticity and willingness to share their stories.
(831) 250-9792 View (831) 250-9792
Photo of joshua Schwartz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
joshua Schwartz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95062
As a budding therapist, i have no claim to expertise. In providing neurodivergent-/gender minority-affirming and trauma-informed care, my approach to therapy is influenced by my personal experiences with trauma, substance overuse, ARFID, MDD, GAD, and being neuroqueer (Autistic, AdHd, Dyslexic, Dyspraxic) and trans. Between undergraduate and graduate schools, i studied many therapeutic theories and modalities, and i do not root my approach in any particular one. That said, i am open to working within all therapeutic theories and modalities and believe that your therapeutic space should be exactly that – /your/ therapeutic space.
As a budding therapist, i have no claim to expertise. In providing neurodivergent-/gender minority-affirming and trauma-informed care, my approach to therapy is influenced by my personal experiences with trauma, substance overuse, ARFID, MDD, GAD, and being neuroqueer (Autistic, AdHd, Dyslexic, Dyspraxic) and trans. Between undergraduate and graduate schools, i studied many therapeutic theories and modalities, and i do not root my approach in any particular one. That said, i am open to working within all therapeutic theories and modalities and believe that your therapeutic space should be exactly that – /your/ therapeutic space.
(831) 282-2719 View (831) 282-2719
Photo of Dr. Dani Beckerman - Dani Beckerman, PsyD, PsyD, Psychologist
Dani Beckerman, PsyD
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Dr. Dani Beckerman is a leading expert specializing in intimacy, desire, sexuality & self-care. She is a well-being specialist working with individuals, couples, groups, communities & corporations helping them grow, thrive & execute holistic health. Client centered; very astute; keen analytical abilities; provocative, evocative, experiential approach. Courses:nonverbal communication meditation & emotion well-being & self-care for clinicians. Certified: How to prepare for surgery & heal quicker
Dr. Dani Beckerman is a leading expert specializing in intimacy, desire, sexuality & self-care. She is a well-being specialist working with individuals, couples, groups, communities & corporations helping them grow, thrive & execute holistic health. Client centered; very astute; keen analytical abilities; provocative, evocative, experiential approach. Courses:nonverbal communication meditation & emotion well-being & self-care for clinicians. Certified: How to prepare for surgery & heal quicker
(831) 426-4735 View (831) 426-4735
Photo of Zerreniah Tran, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Zerreniah Tran
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95062
Zerreniah Tran is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California and has been working in the mental health field for over 8 years. She has extensive experience in providing individual and group therapy for a diverse population and offers psychotherapy in English and Tagalog languages. Her work has involved counseling survivors of domestic violence, adolescents presented with transitional challenges, adults with relationship issues, seniors experiencing difficulties with aging, and foster youths in need of support with healthy coping and independent living.
Zerreniah Tran is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California and has been working in the mental health field for over 8 years. She has extensive experience in providing individual and group therapy for a diverse population and offers psychotherapy in English and Tagalog languages. Her work has involved counseling survivors of domestic violence, adolescents presented with transitional challenges, adults with relationship issues, seniors experiencing difficulties with aging, and foster youths in need of support with healthy coping and independent living.
(831) 273-0285 View (831) 273-0285
Photo of Cyndi Case, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Cyndi Case
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
Sometimes life throws us situations we never imagined for ourselves. The death of a parent, spouse, or best friend. Frequent calls from your child’s teacher about their “bad behavior." A surprise announcement from your teen that they’re not comfortable in the gender you always thought they were. You’re not alone, and you or your child don’t have to go through these experiences alone, either. Together, we’ll find ways to cope with the days where it feels too hard to get out of bed, to explore what feelings are coming up when you’re crying alone in the shower, or to come up with strategies to see the “good” in your child.
Sometimes life throws us situations we never imagined for ourselves. The death of a parent, spouse, or best friend. Frequent calls from your child’s teacher about their “bad behavior." A surprise announcement from your teen that they’re not comfortable in the gender you always thought they were. You’re not alone, and you or your child don’t have to go through these experiences alone, either. Together, we’ll find ways to cope with the days where it feels too hard to get out of bed, to explore what feelings are coming up when you’re crying alone in the shower, or to come up with strategies to see the “good” in your child.
(831) 603-1730 View (831) 603-1730
Photo of Michelle Abodeely, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michelle Abodeely
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Cruz, CA 95060  (Online Only)
Imagine knowing how to read your own body cues, how to trust yourself, how to move through your relationships with confidence and boundaries, compassion and wisdom. Feeling out of touch with your core self, not feeling grounded, or sure of your decisions is a hard way to go through the day. Earn your own trust again, come back to your core self. Interns and associates, this goes for you too. Your best therapist is in there, forming itself while you gain experience. You deserve guidance as you develop and learn. Allow me to support you in this exciting time.
Imagine knowing how to read your own body cues, how to trust yourself, how to move through your relationships with confidence and boundaries, compassion and wisdom. Feeling out of touch with your core self, not feeling grounded, or sure of your decisions is a hard way to go through the day. Earn your own trust again, come back to your core self. Interns and associates, this goes for you too. Your best therapist is in there, forming itself while you gain experience. You deserve guidance as you develop and learn. Allow me to support you in this exciting time.
(831) 618-2635 View (831) 618-2635
Photo of Manasa Grossman, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Manasa Grossman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Cruz, CA 95062  (Online Only)
Life can feel hard sometimes. You may be feeling stuck; struggling in your relationships or work, drowning in hopelessness, exhausted by the relentlessness of your thoughts or behaviors, overwhelmed by your worries, consumed by sadness or plagued by low self-esteem or poor body image. You know you can’t keep living this way. You want to have thriving relationships, confidence, joy and an ease to your days. You have the innate wisdom and knowing that will guide you towards healing, as I walk alongside you on this journey of self-exploration and empowerment. You have the potential to be whole, healthy and happy.
Life can feel hard sometimes. You may be feeling stuck; struggling in your relationships or work, drowning in hopelessness, exhausted by the relentlessness of your thoughts or behaviors, overwhelmed by your worries, consumed by sadness or plagued by low self-esteem or poor body image. You know you can’t keep living this way. You want to have thriving relationships, confidence, joy and an ease to your days. You have the innate wisdom and knowing that will guide you towards healing, as I walk alongside you on this journey of self-exploration and empowerment. You have the potential to be whole, healthy and happy.
(831) 318-0298 View (831) 318-0298
Photo of Christine 'chris' Lang, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christine 'chris' Lang
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95062
Entering into therapy can be a big decision and confusing process. I offer direction that can help you determine your best course for meaningful and effective change. Through attentiveness, compassion, and collaboration, I focus on helping individuals, couples, & children gain awareness of themselves, and provide an avenue that leads toward personal exploration and healing.
Entering into therapy can be a big decision and confusing process. I offer direction that can help you determine your best course for meaningful and effective change. Through attentiveness, compassion, and collaboration, I focus on helping individuals, couples, & children gain awareness of themselves, and provide an avenue that leads toward personal exploration and healing.
(831) 508-3081 View (831) 508-3081
Photo of Sharon Kaplan, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sharon Kaplan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95060  (Online Only)
My therapeutic approach is rooted in my deep respect and genuine interest in people. Since I am an expressive and inquisitive person, it comes naturally to me to practice a style of therapy that is both interactive and eclectic. I offer insights, observations, suggestions, feedback, as well as attentive listening. I am adaptable and able to adjust my style according to what works best for the client. As a team, my clients and I work together to find creative solutions to overcome obstacles to growth and well-being.
My therapeutic approach is rooted in my deep respect and genuine interest in people. Since I am an expressive and inquisitive person, it comes naturally to me to practice a style of therapy that is both interactive and eclectic. I offer insights, observations, suggestions, feedback, as well as attentive listening. I am adaptable and able to adjust my style according to what works best for the client. As a team, my clients and I work together to find creative solutions to overcome obstacles to growth and well-being.
(831) 346-1213 View (831) 346-1213
Photo of Patricia Anderson - Bridges Therapy Group of California, LMFT, LCSW, AMFT, APCC, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bridges Therapy Group of California
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95062  (Online Only)
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we’re dedicated to matching you with the perfect therapist for you and ensuring that your insurance will truly pay for your sessions. We are contracted, in-network providers with all the insurers listed below. We verify your benefits before you start so there are no surprises to you.
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we’re dedicated to matching you with the perfect therapist for you and ensuring that your insurance will truly pay for your sessions. We are contracted, in-network providers with all the insurers listed below. We verify your benefits before you start so there are no surprises to you.
(831) 531-5824 View (831) 531-5824
Photo of Kerena Saltzman, CGP, LCSW, Coach, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kerena Saltzman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CGP, LCSW, Coach
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
You may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, or going through a major life transition. I work with high achievers who are juggling multiple responsibilities and want to succeed in all areas of their life. Sometimes with outer success comes a desire for more inner joy and insight into what matters most. You may be struggling in your marriage or partnership and desire more ease. I have been a therapist for 20 years, I help couples build the skills to communicate more clearly, repair easier, and feel closer to one another. I have had success in supporting couples to navigate connection after infidelity.
You may be feeling overwhelmed, anxious, depressed, or going through a major life transition. I work with high achievers who are juggling multiple responsibilities and want to succeed in all areas of their life. Sometimes with outer success comes a desire for more inner joy and insight into what matters most. You may be struggling in your marriage or partnership and desire more ease. I have been a therapist for 20 years, I help couples build the skills to communicate more clearly, repair easier, and feel closer to one another. I have had success in supporting couples to navigate connection after infidelity.
(831) 480-5658 View (831) 480-5658
Christine Mulholland
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
I have worked as a marriage and family therapist in California since 2012. I help with dual diagnosis treatment, grief and loss, infertility issues, life adjustments, and perinatal and postpartum mood and anxiety disorders. I am a certified eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapist and perinatal mental health professional.
I have worked as a marriage and family therapist in California since 2012. I help with dual diagnosis treatment, grief and loss, infertility issues, life adjustments, and perinatal and postpartum mood and anxiety disorders. I am a certified eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapist and perinatal mental health professional.
(831) 432-7002 View (831) 432-7002
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Santa Cruz, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Santa Cruz, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
72% Stress
68% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

47% Aetna
41% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
37% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Santa Cruz, CA see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Santa Cruz?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.