Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Theresa L Waters, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Theresa L Waters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643
Are you searching for a change? The weight of yesterday may have been heavy, but today you chose to commit to growth, self exploration and bringing past trauma to a resolution. Congratulations on choosing to focus on yourself, you deserve it! My goal is to cultivate a warm and safe space for you to water your own garden. Together, we will work at your pace to find peace, joy and a better understanding of yourself. I am here to be of encouragement , gently challenge you to obtain your goals and assist with navigating life challenges.
Are you searching for a change? The weight of yesterday may have been heavy, but today you chose to commit to growth, self exploration and bringing past trauma to a resolution. Congratulations on choosing to focus on yourself, you deserve it! My goal is to cultivate a warm and safe space for you to water your own garden. Together, we will work at your pace to find peace, joy and a better understanding of yourself. I am here to be of encouragement , gently challenge you to obtain your goals and assist with navigating life challenges.
(773) 389-1511 View (773) 389-1511
Photo of Allison Schentrup, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Allison Schentrup
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
I want to help you live purpose led, pleasure-full life. As a relationship therapist I see individuals and couples. With individuals - I support all of your relationships, whether you’re wanting to find love, deepen friendships, or understand your family. I also help with managing anxiety and depression, spiritual/religious trauma, and healing body image. With couples - I help partners rediscover intimate connection, practice more effective and compassionate communication, and rebuild trust. Often I work with issues around co-parenting, life transitions, and mismatched desire.
I want to help you live purpose led, pleasure-full life. As a relationship therapist I see individuals and couples. With individuals - I support all of your relationships, whether you’re wanting to find love, deepen friendships, or understand your family. I also help with managing anxiety and depression, spiritual/religious trauma, and healing body image. With couples - I help partners rediscover intimate connection, practice more effective and compassionate communication, and rebuild trust. Often I work with issues around co-parenting, life transitions, and mismatched desire.
(872) 666-9986 View (872) 666-9986
Photo of Tim Ciochon, LMFT, MS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tim Ciochon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
I believe that our problems can be linked to frozen patterns and cycles we have learned to protect ourselves. I passionately believe that you are not your problem, but rather these persistent patterns are to blame. I have found that the key to breaking these patterns and unlocking our potential is through the courage to be emotionally vulnerable with others while cultivating compassion toward ourselves. While I help people get “unstuck” from a variety of issues, I specialize in helping individuals and couples with religious trauma, anxiety, perfectionism, eating disorders, and relationship issues.
I believe that our problems can be linked to frozen patterns and cycles we have learned to protect ourselves. I passionately believe that you are not your problem, but rather these persistent patterns are to blame. I have found that the key to breaking these patterns and unlocking our potential is through the courage to be emotionally vulnerable with others while cultivating compassion toward ourselves. While I help people get “unstuck” from a variety of issues, I specialize in helping individuals and couples with religious trauma, anxiety, perfectionism, eating disorders, and relationship issues.
(773) 839-4686 View (773) 839-4686
Photo of Katie Hatches, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Katie Hatches
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60615  (Online Only)
I am a licensed professional counselor with experience in community-based mental health and crisis intervention. I believe in the transformative nature of community, and I value exploring the intersections of identity and the ways they interact with your life and lived experiences. My goal is to encourage the strengthening of your voice and to better understand how various systems impact how we show up. You already have the answers within you, and my role is to collaborate with you in the recalling of them.
I am a licensed professional counselor with experience in community-based mental health and crisis intervention. I believe in the transformative nature of community, and I value exploring the intersections of identity and the ways they interact with your life and lived experiences. My goal is to encourage the strengthening of your voice and to better understand how various systems impact how we show up. You already have the answers within you, and my role is to collaborate with you in the recalling of them.
(872) 666-9937 View (872) 666-9937
Photo of Aileen Mena, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aileen Mena
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Aileen is a bilingual Licensed Professional Counselor with over 4 years of clinical experience providing counseling to diverse populations. She primarily works with adults with anxiety, depression, or mood disorders seeking compassionate and personalized care. These individuals understand the importance of mental health and are committed to navigating the intricate journey towards healing. With a genuine desire for personal growth, they seek a therapist who can provide empathic support, practical coping strategies, and a safe space for exploration.
Aileen is a bilingual Licensed Professional Counselor with over 4 years of clinical experience providing counseling to diverse populations. She primarily works with adults with anxiety, depression, or mood disorders seeking compassionate and personalized care. These individuals understand the importance of mental health and are committed to navigating the intricate journey towards healing. With a genuine desire for personal growth, they seek a therapist who can provide empathic support, practical coping strategies, and a safe space for exploration.
(312) 465-4642 View (312) 465-4642
Photo of Casey J Natalino, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Casey J Natalino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604
Not accepting new clients
Feeling unheard and dismissed is too common an experience. Whether that invalidation is coming from within or the people around you, it can be difficult to know who to listen to or which direction to go. In therapy, we will compassionately confront the parts of you that hinder your authentic voice from guiding your way forward. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, ADHD, identity, body image, battling recovery in your eating disorder; I can help you see and care for yourself in ways that may have felt impossible in the past.
Feeling unheard and dismissed is too common an experience. Whether that invalidation is coming from within or the people around you, it can be difficult to know who to listen to or which direction to go. In therapy, we will compassionately confront the parts of you that hinder your authentic voice from guiding your way forward. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, ADHD, identity, body image, battling recovery in your eating disorder; I can help you see and care for yourself in ways that may have felt impossible in the past.
(331) 225-1156 View (331) 225-1156
Photo of Samantha Cossen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Samantha Cossen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
As a Millennial, Gen Z or Gen Alpha, you’re probably experiencing the many ups and downs of life. You may have great friends, a great relationship or love your job, yet you’re stuck feeling lonely, confused, anxious or depressed. Young adults today are faced with many challenges that can be difficult to overcome alone. You are looking for a therapist who understands both the joy and frustration of navigating emerging adulthood and need someone who uses humor, is relatable and equally as authentic as you. You want someone who helps you to overcome your struggles and helps you to love the best parts of yourself.
As a Millennial, Gen Z or Gen Alpha, you’re probably experiencing the many ups and downs of life. You may have great friends, a great relationship or love your job, yet you’re stuck feeling lonely, confused, anxious or depressed. Young adults today are faced with many challenges that can be difficult to overcome alone. You are looking for a therapist who understands both the joy and frustration of navigating emerging adulthood and need someone who uses humor, is relatable and equally as authentic as you. You want someone who helps you to overcome your struggles and helps you to love the best parts of yourself.
(872) 259-7691 View (872) 259-7691
Photo of Alexia Alcocer, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Alexia Alcocer
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60603
I help clients navigating relational conflicts, chronic Illness, grief, trauma and/or life transitions.
I help clients navigating relational conflicts, chronic Illness, grief, trauma and/or life transitions.
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Photo of Araceli Chaidez Cano, LCPC
Araceli Chaidez Cano
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625  (Online Only)
Welcome! My therapeutic approach is rooted in the concepts of radical acceptance & self-sovereignty. Anxiety and depression can often rob us of peace & joy. My goal is to provide a safe and affirming space where you can explore your complex inner world with curiosity & compassion rather than fear or judgement. I believe we are all natural storytellers, however sometimes the stories we tell ourselves are not always grounded in reality and can be a source of great pain. Our bodies also store traumatic experiences at a subconscious level and this can have a profound impact on the way we relate to ourselves, others, and the world.
Welcome! My therapeutic approach is rooted in the concepts of radical acceptance & self-sovereignty. Anxiety and depression can often rob us of peace & joy. My goal is to provide a safe and affirming space where you can explore your complex inner world with curiosity & compassion rather than fear or judgement. I believe we are all natural storytellers, however sometimes the stories we tell ourselves are not always grounded in reality and can be a source of great pain. Our bodies also store traumatic experiences at a subconscious level and this can have a profound impact on the way we relate to ourselves, others, and the world.
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Photo of Karlie Mirabelli, PhD, Pre-Licensed Professional
Karlie Mirabelli
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
I understand that the therapeutic relationship is one of the most important factors in a positive therapeutic experience, and as such, I believe that psychotherapy is just as much of a place to laugh and celebrate joys as it is a place to grieve and manage disappointments. I value taking a collaborative, non-hierarchical approach to therapy, drawing from a feminist and social justice lens.
I understand that the therapeutic relationship is one of the most important factors in a positive therapeutic experience, and as such, I believe that psychotherapy is just as much of a place to laugh and celebrate joys as it is a place to grieve and manage disappointments. I value taking a collaborative, non-hierarchical approach to therapy, drawing from a feminist and social justice lens.
(872) 241-2780 x0941 View (872) 241-2780 x0941
Photo of Glynis Kristal-Ragsdale, MA, , LCPC, Counselor
Glynis Kristal-Ragsdale
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Not accepting new clients
Starting therapy can be a scary, overwhelming process. It takes a lot of courage to ask for help, whether for you, your relationship or your child. I listen closely to you to understand your experience and the specifics of what’s making life difficult right now. Sometimes you don’t feel good and don’t really know why—and sometimes you do know why, but things aren’t getting any better anyway. Talking it through with someone can help. In session, I strive to create a space of compassionate, patient curiosity where we can find a way to make meaning out of what’s going on together.
Starting therapy can be a scary, overwhelming process. It takes a lot of courage to ask for help, whether for you, your relationship or your child. I listen closely to you to understand your experience and the specifics of what’s making life difficult right now. Sometimes you don’t feel good and don’t really know why—and sometimes you do know why, but things aren’t getting any better anyway. Talking it through with someone can help. In session, I strive to create a space of compassionate, patient curiosity where we can find a way to make meaning out of what’s going on together.
(872) 266-8200 View (872) 266-8200
Photo of Bianca Herrera, Pre-Licensed Professional
Bianca Herrera
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
In my work with clients, I may explore generational wounds, personal identities and context in the world, and the mind-body connection. I approach my work from a trauma-informed lens and am inspired by person-centered theory. I seek to build an authentic working relationship with my clients that is based in compassionate and affirming honesty. I am interested in helping people work through relational, family, and/or systemic trauma. I am also interested in helping people make sense of multiple truths in regards to conflicting social identities, coming to terms with harm they caused or complex grief.
In my work with clients, I may explore generational wounds, personal identities and context in the world, and the mind-body connection. I approach my work from a trauma-informed lens and am inspired by person-centered theory. I seek to build an authentic working relationship with my clients that is based in compassionate and affirming honesty. I am interested in helping people work through relational, family, and/or systemic trauma. I am also interested in helping people make sense of multiple truths in regards to conflicting social identities, coming to terms with harm they caused or complex grief.
(708) 576-4855 View (708) 576-4855
Photo of Fabrice Robert Lubin, PsyD, LCP, Psychologist
Fabrice Robert Lubin
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Having been involved in the mental health field for over a decade, working across various setting (hospitals, VA, college) I now focus on those eager to enhance their creativity, community, and value-driven experiences. As the founder of an organization that has seen significant growth, my interest lies in supporting leaders—whether they are in creative roles, parenting, or mental health professions—who struggle with the demands of their work environments and the prioritization of their own healing. I believe relationships are formed in repair and I am useful to those seeking to deepen the interpersonal and cultural spaces.
Having been involved in the mental health field for over a decade, working across various setting (hospitals, VA, college) I now focus on those eager to enhance their creativity, community, and value-driven experiences. As the founder of an organization that has seen significant growth, my interest lies in supporting leaders—whether they are in creative roles, parenting, or mental health professions—who struggle with the demands of their work environments and the prioritization of their own healing. I believe relationships are formed in repair and I am useful to those seeking to deepen the interpersonal and cultural spaces.
(773) 786-9903 View (773) 786-9903
Photo of Hallie Schwartz, LCPC, NCC, Counselor
Hallie Schwartz
Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I strongly believe that every human being has innate inner strength and leadership. My goal is to help you fully realize your own internal resources. My approach is non-pathologizing and largely influenced by the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model. IFS therapy deeply honors all parts of you and provides a framework to safely explore the nuances of complex experiences. Together, we can embrace the natural multiplicity of the mind and gain insight into the functioning of your internal world. Our work will help you identify your inner parts, uncover their valuable qualities, and address harmful patterns of self-protection.
I strongly believe that every human being has innate inner strength and leadership. My goal is to help you fully realize your own internal resources. My approach is non-pathologizing and largely influenced by the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model. IFS therapy deeply honors all parts of you and provides a framework to safely explore the nuances of complex experiences. Together, we can embrace the natural multiplicity of the mind and gain insight into the functioning of your internal world. Our work will help you identify your inner parts, uncover their valuable qualities, and address harmful patterns of self-protection.
(312) 667-7452 View (312) 667-7452
Photo of Jessica Guha, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jessica Guha
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661  (Online Only)
We are more than the stories we have been told about ourselves. However, learning to let go of these narratives or rewrite them in a more compassionate way can be challenging. Mindful of the impact of trauma and systems of oppression, I will work with you to identify clues that tell us when you are feeling overwhelmed and more likely to fall back into unhelpful patterns of thought and behavior. I use our therapeutic relationship as a mirror and a safety net to encourage both reflection and self-compassion. I understand the importance of meeting clients where they are at, a practice I bring from my time as a classroom teacher.
We are more than the stories we have been told about ourselves. However, learning to let go of these narratives or rewrite them in a more compassionate way can be challenging. Mindful of the impact of trauma and systems of oppression, I will work with you to identify clues that tell us when you are feeling overwhelmed and more likely to fall back into unhelpful patterns of thought and behavior. I use our therapeutic relationship as a mirror and a safety net to encourage both reflection and self-compassion. I understand the importance of meeting clients where they are at, a practice I bring from my time as a classroom teacher.
(312) 940-1642 View (312) 940-1642
Photo of Chastity Owens, LCSW, MA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Chastity Owens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60605
Are you feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, or misunderstood? You can feel better. My mission is to improve the lives of adolescents, families and individuals by providing effective mental and behavioral health services. I work with clients to set and achieve their treatment goals by cultivating intimacy with God. I believe that all healing happens in the context of relationship. My services are tailored to meet your needs.
Are you feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, or misunderstood? You can feel better. My mission is to improve the lives of adolescents, families and individuals by providing effective mental and behavioral health services. I work with clients to set and achieve their treatment goals by cultivating intimacy with God. I believe that all healing happens in the context of relationship. My services are tailored to meet your needs.
(773) 364-1588 View (773) 364-1588
Photo of Angel Caracheo Jr, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angel Caracheo Jr
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
I am a bilingual therapist (English and Spanish). I see therapy as a journey of self exploration where you can utilize strengths and skills that the person already has but is unaware of. Sometimes, self-exploration can be challenging; for that reason, I like to guide clients in their journey by honoring their autonomy and resiliency. "You can become the best version of yourself." My philosophy is that nobody knows you better than yourself.
I am a bilingual therapist (English and Spanish). I see therapy as a journey of self exploration where you can utilize strengths and skills that the person already has but is unaware of. Sometimes, self-exploration can be challenging; for that reason, I like to guide clients in their journey by honoring their autonomy and resiliency. "You can become the best version of yourself." My philosophy is that nobody knows you better than yourself.
(872) 246-7488 x807 View (872) 246-7488 x807
Photo of Tara Medow, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tara Medow
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
I like people, and I believe in an elastic understanding of the human condition. My approach is informal and centered in the belief people move within the world in ways that make sense to them. Daily decisions often reveal parts of the self developed during formative years; it is human to adapt emotions to stressful events. It is also human to reenact distress because it is familiar. Personhood is largely informed by the body's fundamental desire to feel physiological balance. Exposure to trauma may be part of someone’s balance, and therapy can be a place to gain clarity in ways we bond with ourselves/others and understand purpose.
I like people, and I believe in an elastic understanding of the human condition. My approach is informal and centered in the belief people move within the world in ways that make sense to them. Daily decisions often reveal parts of the self developed during formative years; it is human to adapt emotions to stressful events. It is also human to reenact distress because it is familiar. Personhood is largely informed by the body's fundamental desire to feel physiological balance. Exposure to trauma may be part of someone’s balance, and therapy can be a place to gain clarity in ways we bond with ourselves/others and understand purpose.
(773) 825-9761 View (773) 825-9761
Photo of Jess Henry, LPC, CADC, Counselor
Jess Henry
Counselor, LPC, CADC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Do you ever look at those people who seem comfortable in their own skin—who really seem to know themselves, have a sense of humor and purpose, feel confident in getting their needs met—and wonder what their secret is? It’s probably therapy! Therapy supports you in developing a healthy relationship with yourself and with others. It allows you to be more fully seen, cared for, and supported. When you are an active participant in therapy, the benefits can take on a ripple effect that reaches to the furthest, most unexpected parts of your life.
Do you ever look at those people who seem comfortable in their own skin—who really seem to know themselves, have a sense of humor and purpose, feel confident in getting their needs met—and wonder what their secret is? It’s probably therapy! Therapy supports you in developing a healthy relationship with yourself and with others. It allows you to be more fully seen, cared for, and supported. When you are an active participant in therapy, the benefits can take on a ripple effect that reaches to the furthest, most unexpected parts of your life.
(872) 210-5809 View (872) 210-5809
Photo of Danie Rogers, Pre-Licensed Professional
Danie Rogers
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647
I work at Practical Audacity. We are a Group Practice where therapy is performed by Queer Identified/ Aligned and Trauma-Informed Professionals. We want people to find Pleasure, Joy, and Confidence in their sexuality no matter what barriers they face. We provide therapy and coaching grounded in feminist ideals and collaboration, focusing on strengths, trauma-informed care, and science-backed interventions and, at the same time, providing a space for you to feel safe and seen right where you are.
I work at Practical Audacity. We are a Group Practice where therapy is performed by Queer Identified/ Aligned and Trauma-Informed Professionals. We want people to find Pleasure, Joy, and Confidence in their sexuality no matter what barriers they face. We provide therapy and coaching grounded in feminist ideals and collaboration, focusing on strengths, trauma-informed care, and science-backed interventions and, at the same time, providing a space for you to feel safe and seen right where you are.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Life Transitions
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
65% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.