Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

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Photo of Mary Tarry White Emdr, LMFT, EMDR, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mary Tarry White Emdr
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90007  (Online Only)
I have 24 years experience working with individuals and adults, as a Marriage and Family Therapist. I have EMDR certification through EMDRIA. My therapy style is warm, thoughtful, and respectful. I bring mindfulness based techniques, EMDR, and ego states interventions into my work with my clients, and I also utilize a strengths-based approach. We all have resilience and the ability to heal, we just sometimes need a little help finding it, and we all need someone with whom we can express ourselves fully. In discussing our challenges and treating our traumas, we can transform our lives.
I have 24 years experience working with individuals and adults, as a Marriage and Family Therapist. I have EMDR certification through EMDRIA. My therapy style is warm, thoughtful, and respectful. I bring mindfulness based techniques, EMDR, and ego states interventions into my work with my clients, and I also utilize a strengths-based approach. We all have resilience and the ability to heal, we just sometimes need a little help finding it, and we all need someone with whom we can express ourselves fully. In discussing our challenges and treating our traumas, we can transform our lives.
(323) 709-8538 View (323) 709-8538
Photo of Anjna Champaneri - Anjna Champaneri - Expansive Therapy , ACSW
Anjna Champaneri - Expansive Therapy
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, ACSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90004  (Online Only)
My aim is to create a caring therapeutic relationship with you that is founded in empathy, trust, and respect. Together we will create a safe and open environment for brave and insightful explorations. I offer collaborative, client-centered therapy that supports the development of personal insights and practical coping skills through curiosity, mindfulness, and compassion.
My aim is to create a caring therapeutic relationship with you that is founded in empathy, trust, and respect. Together we will create a safe and open environment for brave and insightful explorations. I offer collaborative, client-centered therapy that supports the development of personal insights and practical coping skills through curiosity, mindfulness, and compassion.
(213) 474-3159 View (213) 474-3159
Photo of Hira Khalid, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Hira Khalid
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Growing up, I have realized that there is a lack of communication, representation, and awareness of the importance of mental health in many Middle-Eastern, Latinx, and Asian households. This leads to many individuals in those cultures becoming oppressed throughout their whole life and experiencing many untreated phases of depression and anxiety without having the opportunity to be heard.
Growing up, I have realized that there is a lack of communication, representation, and awareness of the importance of mental health in many Middle-Eastern, Latinx, and Asian households. This leads to many individuals in those cultures becoming oppressed throughout their whole life and experiencing many untreated phases of depression and anxiety without having the opportunity to be heard.
(424) 265-9758 View (424) 265-9758
Photo of April Jordan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
April Jordan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm April Jordan and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I obtained my Masters in Social Work from Cal State East Bay, Hayward, in 2005. I am a wife, mother of young children and understand the stressors linked with trying to balance life. My Professional experience I have worked years in mental health, medical social work, family services and with the criminal justice system. In addition I am a first responder myself working in the emergency room as a medical social worker I understand the dynamics of caring for others especially during a Pandemic. During these unprecedented times, were all feeling overwhelmed and anxious
Hello, I'm April Jordan and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I obtained my Masters in Social Work from Cal State East Bay, Hayward, in 2005. I am a wife, mother of young children and understand the stressors linked with trying to balance life. My Professional experience I have worked years in mental health, medical social work, family services and with the criminal justice system. In addition I am a first responder myself working in the emergency room as a medical social worker I understand the dynamics of caring for others especially during a Pandemic. During these unprecedented times, were all feeling overwhelmed and anxious
(562) 568-9730 View (562) 568-9730
Photo of Becky White, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Becky White
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90066
I am the Founder and Director of Root to Rise Therapy, a boutique psychotherapy practice that provides couples therapy and individual counseling in a warm, accepting space. As a highly trained psychotherapist and relationship counselor located in the heart of Culver City, California, my passion is helping individuals, couples, and families to create relationships and lives that they love. I believe that healthy relationships start with you and that in order to serve the people that we love most, we first have to learn to take care of ourselves!
I am the Founder and Director of Root to Rise Therapy, a boutique psychotherapy practice that provides couples therapy and individual counseling in a warm, accepting space. As a highly trained psychotherapist and relationship counselor located in the heart of Culver City, California, my passion is helping individuals, couples, and families to create relationships and lives that they love. I believe that healthy relationships start with you and that in order to serve the people that we love most, we first have to learn to take care of ourselves!
(310) 627-2660 View (310) 627-2660
Photo of Shana Barber, AMFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Shana Barber
Pre-Licensed Professional, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Life can get complicated and there is no handbook on how to handle things like depression, anxiety, addiction and relationship problems. It is important to know two things: 1. you are not alone, 2. challenges are always opportunities to grow and change your life. You are probably here because it's time to "do something different." Let us help guide you through this journey!
Life can get complicated and there is no handbook on how to handle things like depression, anxiety, addiction and relationship problems. It is important to know two things: 1. you are not alone, 2. challenges are always opportunities to grow and change your life. You are probably here because it's time to "do something different." Let us help guide you through this journey!
(310) 807-1591 View (310) 807-1591
Photo of Scheherazade Madan Collins, MA, MPhil, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Scheherazade Madan Collins
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MPhil, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Do you sometimes find yourself struggling with problems or emotions that seem overwhelming. Do you wish you could learn effective coping skills to tackle symptoms of ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, OCD, Panic Attacks or anything else that is getting in the way of your work, goals, and relationships? Are you looking for someone who uses evidence-based collaborative work to help you to identify and treat the things that are holding you back? Are you a professional dancer, athlete, performer or part of any other high stress field of work?
Do you sometimes find yourself struggling with problems or emotions that seem overwhelming. Do you wish you could learn effective coping skills to tackle symptoms of ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, OCD, Panic Attacks or anything else that is getting in the way of your work, goals, and relationships? Are you looking for someone who uses evidence-based collaborative work to help you to identify and treat the things that are holding you back? Are you a professional dancer, athlete, performer or part of any other high stress field of work?
(310) 740-9766 View (310) 740-9766
Photo of Brian Stachowiak, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brian Stachowiak
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90039
My approach to working with you in therapy would encompass all registers of your experience, including non-verbal communication, the body, and the mind. In my way of working, developing an understanding of where and how feelings are actually felt is as important as understanding cognitive distortions and negative thought patterns. I listen to every which way you communicate. Psychotherapy can be used in myriad ways, short or long-term. Often when distressing symptoms have abated, psychotherapy shifts to become something more deeply self-reflective and meaningful.
My approach to working with you in therapy would encompass all registers of your experience, including non-verbal communication, the body, and the mind. In my way of working, developing an understanding of where and how feelings are actually felt is as important as understanding cognitive distortions and negative thought patterns. I listen to every which way you communicate. Psychotherapy can be used in myriad ways, short or long-term. Often when distressing symptoms have abated, psychotherapy shifts to become something more deeply self-reflective and meaningful.
(323) 870-6388 View (323) 870-6388
Photo of Michael Walker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michael Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), practicing in California. I received my Masters from the University of Alabama and have been practicing for over 10 years. As a therapist, I enjoy working with individuals who have experienced trauma, and/or are experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Hello! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), practicing in California. I received my Masters from the University of Alabama and have been practicing for over 10 years. As a therapist, I enjoy working with individuals who have experienced trauma, and/or are experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety.
(562) 278-8362 View (562) 278-8362
Photo of Emma Nelson, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Emma Nelson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90004
We all have the capacity and right to have a fulfilling life however, many barriers interfere with our current sense of satisfaction and our ability to achieve our dreams. I hope to be able to help you explore what barriers are getting in the way by focusing on, recognizing and reinforcing your innate strengths, and exploring where blockages within your life manifested, and how they may be shifted so that you are able to transform.
We all have the capacity and right to have a fulfilling life however, many barriers interfere with our current sense of satisfaction and our ability to achieve our dreams. I hope to be able to help you explore what barriers are getting in the way by focusing on, recognizing and reinforcing your innate strengths, and exploring where blockages within your life manifested, and how they may be shifted so that you are able to transform.
(424) 391-3296 View (424) 391-3296
Photo of Nicole M. Ward - Sol Compass Therapy & Consulting (Nicole M. Ward), JD, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sol Compass Therapy & Consulting (Nicole M. Ward)
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90071
Not accepting new clients
*My practice is currently full.* My practice is based on the philosophy that wellness is an ongoing process of growth that includes learning to cope with life challenges, while also recognizing life triumphs. The therapeutic process is an excellent tool for increasing coping skills during life transitions as well as in your overall wellness regimen. I view my role as a therapist as a guide to assist during these times. I have over fourteen years of experience working with individuals and couples on a variety of concerns including: building better relationships, anxiety, depression, family conflict and trauma.
*My practice is currently full.* My practice is based on the philosophy that wellness is an ongoing process of growth that includes learning to cope with life challenges, while also recognizing life triumphs. The therapeutic process is an excellent tool for increasing coping skills during life transitions as well as in your overall wellness regimen. I view my role as a therapist as a guide to assist during these times. I have over fourteen years of experience working with individuals and couples on a variety of concerns including: building better relationships, anxiety, depression, family conflict and trauma.
(626) 283-5452 View (626) 283-5452
Photo of Justina Larson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Justina Larson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90003
I received my Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology with an emphasis on Marriage and Family Therapy and Professional Clinical Counseling from Brandman University. I began my counseling career as a mental health therapist working with children and families. I have been working as a mental health therapist for 5 years. I work primarily with children, adolescents, and young adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, and life transitions.
I received my Master's Degree in Counseling Psychology with an emphasis on Marriage and Family Therapy and Professional Clinical Counseling from Brandman University. I began my counseling career as a mental health therapist working with children and families. I have been working as a mental health therapist for 5 years. I work primarily with children, adolescents, and young adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, and life transitions.
(323) 924-3023 View (323) 924-3023
Photo of Mary Mathew - Beyond Cancer LA, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Beyond Cancer LA
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90034
As a cancer survivor myself, I know first hand how scary the "C" word is. As a result of cancer treatments, often times people develop mild to severe forms of depression, anxiety, "scanxiety," and post-traumatic stress disorder. Many people experience symptoms during treatment while others are symptomatic only after they are in full remission. My practice treats fellow warriors and their families that are navigating the cancer process, survivors trying to figure out their “new normal”, individuals in remission for years but are still processing the events that once happened, and those currently experiencing metastasized cancers.
As a cancer survivor myself, I know first hand how scary the "C" word is. As a result of cancer treatments, often times people develop mild to severe forms of depression, anxiety, "scanxiety," and post-traumatic stress disorder. Many people experience symptoms during treatment while others are symptomatic only after they are in full remission. My practice treats fellow warriors and their families that are navigating the cancer process, survivors trying to figure out their “new normal”, individuals in remission for years but are still processing the events that once happened, and those currently experiencing metastasized cancers.
(424) 296-1732 View (424) 296-1732
Photo of Jesse Carmen-Hay, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jesse Carmen-Hay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Waitlist for new clients
I am so glad that you made it here - my name is Jesse Carmen-Hay, and I am a LCSW in the state of California. I work with those who are struggling with eating disorders and body image concerns, anxiety, depression, life transitions, codependency, interpersonal issues, mood disorders, and more. I have extensive experience working with the LGBTQ+ community. I also offer couples and sex therapy services if that is something you are looking for. I use an individualized approach as no two people are the same and I seek to meet my clients where they are at.
I am so glad that you made it here - my name is Jesse Carmen-Hay, and I am a LCSW in the state of California. I work with those who are struggling with eating disorders and body image concerns, anxiety, depression, life transitions, codependency, interpersonal issues, mood disorders, and more. I have extensive experience working with the LGBTQ+ community. I also offer couples and sex therapy services if that is something you are looking for. I use an individualized approach as no two people are the same and I seek to meet my clients where they are at.
(424) 233-1405 View (424) 233-1405
Photo of Candace Burnham, PsyD, Psychologist
Candace Burnham
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90064
Do you feel unsatisfied in your relationships or in your work life? Do you notice yourself facing the same issue time and time again? Perhaps you find yourself second-guessing every decision or just never feeling like you are “good enough.” If this sounds familiar, I can help. Through a relationship characterized by safety and trust, I will support you to uncover the unhelpful beliefs, underlying emotions, and past experiences that are keeping you stuck. In doing so, you will learn to make better choices, turn goals into realities, and find a greater sense of peace in your day-to-day life.
Do you feel unsatisfied in your relationships or in your work life? Do you notice yourself facing the same issue time and time again? Perhaps you find yourself second-guessing every decision or just never feeling like you are “good enough.” If this sounds familiar, I can help. Through a relationship characterized by safety and trust, I will support you to uncover the unhelpful beliefs, underlying emotions, and past experiences that are keeping you stuck. In doing so, you will learn to make better choices, turn goals into realities, and find a greater sense of peace in your day-to-day life.
(213) 214-3960 View (213) 214-3960
Photo of Stephanie Castillo, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Stephanie Castillo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90012  (Online Only)
I know therapy can be intimidating and awkward, asking you to share your life with a stranger can be uncomfortable. I want to give you a safe space free of judgment. I am not promising you that I have all the answers but together we can peel back the layers and see what is going on. Not every session has to be serious or draining. I enjoy what I do and I want you to enjoy therapy too. I want to laugh and chat with you about your weekends, the music you like or tv shows your currently binging. Please feel free to reach out!
I know therapy can be intimidating and awkward, asking you to share your life with a stranger can be uncomfortable. I want to give you a safe space free of judgment. I am not promising you that I have all the answers but together we can peel back the layers and see what is going on. Not every session has to be serious or draining. I enjoy what I do and I want you to enjoy therapy too. I want to laugh and chat with you about your weekends, the music you like or tv shows your currently binging. Please feel free to reach out!
(747) 233-4080 View (747) 233-4080
Photo of Nicholas Davis, LPCC, Counselor
Nicholas Davis
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90071  (Online Only)
My name is Nick Davis a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC), based in San Diego, California working with clients throughout California via telehealth. I work primarily with adolescents and adults and specialize in a variety of areas including but not limited to depression, anxiety, trauma, impulsivity, and suicidal ideation.
My name is Nick Davis a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC), based in San Diego, California working with clients throughout California via telehealth. I work primarily with adolescents and adults and specialize in a variety of areas including but not limited to depression, anxiety, trauma, impulsivity, and suicidal ideation.
(562) 620-5640 View (562) 620-5640
Photo of Jacob Wangel-Brown, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jacob Wangel-Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90026
Waitlist for new clients
I’m a trans and queer psychotherapist and World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Certified Member. I’m dedicated to providing safe, therapeutic space for transgender, gender expansive, queer, and questioning clients. As a dual-state licensed clinician in California and New York, my clinical practice, Trans Affirming Therapy serves to fill a critical need in creating competent, affirming, accessible care for our community and offers a warm environment to explore, process, and repair relationships within the self and with others. We’ll explore how your lived experience impacts your internal and external worlds.
I’m a trans and queer psychotherapist and World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Certified Member. I’m dedicated to providing safe, therapeutic space for transgender, gender expansive, queer, and questioning clients. As a dual-state licensed clinician in California and New York, my clinical practice, Trans Affirming Therapy serves to fill a critical need in creating competent, affirming, accessible care for our community and offers a warm environment to explore, process, and repair relationships within the self and with others. We’ll explore how your lived experience impacts your internal and external worlds.
(818) 431-2297 View (818) 431-2297
Photo of Larry A Woodland, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Larry A Woodland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90004
Waitlist for new clients
For BIPOC people and LGBTQIA+ folks, finding a space to be their authentic and unique selves feels impossible. Those of us who have been "othered" live in a world full of oppression as well as hurt, pain and trauma. This oppression leads to depression, anxiety, image issues, substance abuse, risky behaviors and self harm. My role as a therapist is to create that safe environment to work through the trauma, re-write the narrative and empower people to be their best versions of themselves that fosters love, acceptance, and healing.
For BIPOC people and LGBTQIA+ folks, finding a space to be their authentic and unique selves feels impossible. Those of us who have been "othered" live in a world full of oppression as well as hurt, pain and trauma. This oppression leads to depression, anxiety, image issues, substance abuse, risky behaviors and self harm. My role as a therapist is to create that safe environment to work through the trauma, re-write the narrative and empower people to be their best versions of themselves that fosters love, acceptance, and healing.
(213) 668-7827 View (213) 668-7827
Photo of Kim Zaw, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kim Zaw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Los Angeles, CA 90064  (Online Only)
We all experience life’s challenges as part of the human condition, yet sometimes our symptoms of stress, worry, or self-criticism stand in the way of living the life that we want. Working with a clinician can help you reconnect with yourself and your strengths. Therapy often helps us to make useful connections between our actions, our thinking, our emotional reality, and patterns in relationships that we have developed over years. When we understand ourselves better, we can put into practice useful tools and coping skills to tackle problems that once defeated us.
We all experience life’s challenges as part of the human condition, yet sometimes our symptoms of stress, worry, or self-criticism stand in the way of living the life that we want. Working with a clinician can help you reconnect with yourself and your strengths. Therapy often helps us to make useful connections between our actions, our thinking, our emotional reality, and patterns in relationships that we have developed over years. When we understand ourselves better, we can put into practice useful tools and coping skills to tackle problems that once defeated us.
(424) 232-0877 View (424) 232-0877

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Los Angeles, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Los Angeles, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
63% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

78% Aetna
70% Cigna and Evernorth
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Los Angeles, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Los Angeles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.