Therapists in Purcellville, VA

Photo of Debra Babarsky, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Debra Babarsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Purcellville, VA 20132
With decades of experience, I have helped many families, couples and individuals heal from anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, etc. by examining their beliefs, feelings, and behaviors; building and strengthening tools and skills; and learning how to create healthy relationships within themselves and with others. The therapeutic benefits of counseling allow you to transform and grow, Counseling opens the door for new possibilities in your life. The positive changes that occur are the outcome of exploring yourself with curiosity, building inner resources, and learning how to make choices that nourish and fulfill you.
With decades of experience, I have helped many families, couples and individuals heal from anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, etc. by examining their beliefs, feelings, and behaviors; building and strengthening tools and skills; and learning how to create healthy relationships within themselves and with others. The therapeutic benefits of counseling allow you to transform and grow, Counseling opens the door for new possibilities in your life. The positive changes that occur are the outcome of exploring yourself with curiosity, building inner resources, and learning how to make choices that nourish and fulfill you.
(540) 338-0620 View (540) 338-0620
Photo of Sophia Gause, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sophia Gause
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
I am passionate about helping others heal and take control of their mental health, whether through processing emotions and experiences, reaching goals, or having a safe space to talk. I use a person-centered approach to therapy as I believe our sessions should be personally tailored to fit your unique needs as an individual. I value providing the best care for my clients, which is why I receive weekly supervision from licensed LPC, Kimberly Van Etten.
I am passionate about helping others heal and take control of their mental health, whether through processing emotions and experiences, reaching goals, or having a safe space to talk. I use a person-centered approach to therapy as I believe our sessions should be personally tailored to fit your unique needs as an individual. I value providing the best care for my clients, which is why I receive weekly supervision from licensed LPC, Kimberly Van Etten.
(540) 515-5513 View (540) 515-5513
Photo of Glenn Horwitz, PhD, Psychologist
Glenn Horwitz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
As a psychotherapist, I cultivate a safe & supportive atmosphere in which my clients explore thoughts and feelings about the important areas in their lives that may be broken, or not working as well as one hoped and planned. Adults often address major life changes, symptoms of anxiety and depression, relationship issues, as well as struggles with substance misuse and alcoholism. To schedule an initial consult, please cut/paste link to Calendly here into your browser > calendly.com/drglennphd
As a psychotherapist, I cultivate a safe & supportive atmosphere in which my clients explore thoughts and feelings about the important areas in their lives that may be broken, or not working as well as one hoped and planned. Adults often address major life changes, symptoms of anxiety and depression, relationship issues, as well as struggles with substance misuse and alcoholism. To schedule an initial consult, please cut/paste link to Calendly here into your browser > calendly.com/drglennphd
(571) 399-5847 View (571) 399-5847
Photo of Carissa Francis, LCSW, LISW-CP, ICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carissa Francis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW-CP, ICSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Waitlist for new clients. Carissa provides in-person sessions in Purcellville, Virginia and virtual therapy to those residing in West Virginia, Virginia, & Washington, DC. She enjoys working with adolescents, teens, & adults. Carissa uses light humor and warmth to connect with clients and create a safe place for their healing and self-discovery. She is trained in many evidenced-based treatments to empower clients to identify obstacles and build skills to achieve their goals. Modalities used in sessions are determined based on the needs of the individual.
Waitlist for new clients. Carissa provides in-person sessions in Purcellville, Virginia and virtual therapy to those residing in West Virginia, Virginia, & Washington, DC. She enjoys working with adolescents, teens, & adults. Carissa uses light humor and warmth to connect with clients and create a safe place for their healing and self-discovery. She is trained in many evidenced-based treatments to empower clients to identify obstacles and build skills to achieve their goals. Modalities used in sessions are determined based on the needs of the individual.
(540) 889-3487 View (540) 889-3487
Photo of Kimberly Van Etten - Mauli’Ola Therapy, LLC, MA, LPC, CCTP2, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mauli’Ola Therapy, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP2
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
The goal of Mauli’Ola Therapy is to provide a breath of life (Hawaiian) for each client and a safe space. Each of us carry daily interactions that may fill our bucket and have life experiences that may prevent us from living the life we envision. You possess all the strength to make this happen and we are here to support you in finding your breath. We all experience traumas and pain in our lives. Your ability to heal is only one element of your resiliency and Mauli’Ola strives to help you enhance those skills and catch your breath. We gain so much by looking up and being present in our lives each moment we spend in self.
The goal of Mauli’Ola Therapy is to provide a breath of life (Hawaiian) for each client and a safe space. Each of us carry daily interactions that may fill our bucket and have life experiences that may prevent us from living the life we envision. You possess all the strength to make this happen and we are here to support you in finding your breath. We all experience traumas and pain in our lives. Your ability to heal is only one element of your resiliency and Mauli’Ola strives to help you enhance those skills and catch your breath. We gain so much by looking up and being present in our lives each moment we spend in self.
(540) 202-1883 View (540) 202-1883
Photo of Kimberly N Van Etten - Mauli'Ola Therapy, LLC, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mauli'Ola Therapy, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
We are so excited to introduce several new Ohana members to our therapy team! You can find out about our new therapists at mauliolatherapy.com! The goal of Mauli’Ola Therapy is to provide a breath of life (Hawaiian) for each client and a safe space. Each of us carry daily interactions that may fill our bucket and have life experiences that may prevent us from living the life we envision. You possess all the strength to make this happen and find your breath.
We are so excited to introduce several new Ohana members to our therapy team! You can find out about our new therapists at mauliolatherapy.com! The goal of Mauli’Ola Therapy is to provide a breath of life (Hawaiian) for each client and a safe space. Each of us carry daily interactions that may fill our bucket and have life experiences that may prevent us from living the life we envision. You possess all the strength to make this happen and find your breath.
(540) 210-1846 View (540) 210-1846
Photo of Eileen Mulcahy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Eileen Mulcahy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Eileen is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who works primarily with children, teens, adults, and families. She has over 28 years of professional experience that she uses to assist clients suffering from stress, family conflict, anxiety, depression, ADHD, women's issues, trauma, PTSD, and more. She completed her Master's in Social Work from the University of Maryland-Baltimore, specializing in families and children, and earned her Bachelor's degree in Psychology and Women's Studies from Goddard College.
Eileen is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who works primarily with children, teens, adults, and families. She has over 28 years of professional experience that she uses to assist clients suffering from stress, family conflict, anxiety, depression, ADHD, women's issues, trauma, PTSD, and more. She completed her Master's in Social Work from the University of Maryland-Baltimore, specializing in families and children, and earned her Bachelor's degree in Psychology and Women's Studies from Goddard College.
(540) 501-7183 View (540) 501-7183
Photo of Jessica Jones, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jessica Jones
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
At times, life doesn't unfold as expected, and we may find ourselves in need of guidance to navigate challenges or break free from feeling stuck. I firmly believe that there's no universal approach to therapy. That's why I draw upon a variety of therapeutic techniques, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), narrative therapy, solution-focused therapy, and existential therapy. This flexibility ensures that I can tailor our sessions to best meet your unique needs.
At times, life doesn't unfold as expected, and we may find ourselves in need of guidance to navigate challenges or break free from feeling stuck. I firmly believe that there's no universal approach to therapy. That's why I draw upon a variety of therapeutic techniques, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), narrative therapy, solution-focused therapy, and existential therapy. This flexibility ensures that I can tailor our sessions to best meet your unique needs.
(540) 453-8352 View (540) 453-8352
Photo of Melissa Stevens - Cup of Tea Counseling, LLC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cup of Tea Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Purcellville, VA 20132  (Online Only)
Welcome! My name is Melissa. I have been described as "calm, gentle, soft-spoken, serene, an excellent listener, non-judgmental, open, kind, thoughtful, accepting, welcoming and heartfelt." Together, we can create a safe space for you to set down your burdens, invite your emotions for a cup of tea and conversation, and begin exploring all of the possibilities and potential that life has to offer you. "I wish I could show you when you are lonely or in darkness the astonishing light of your own being.” - The poet Hafez of Persia
Welcome! My name is Melissa. I have been described as "calm, gentle, soft-spoken, serene, an excellent listener, non-judgmental, open, kind, thoughtful, accepting, welcoming and heartfelt." Together, we can create a safe space for you to set down your burdens, invite your emotions for a cup of tea and conversation, and begin exploring all of the possibilities and potential that life has to offer you. "I wish I could show you when you are lonely or in darkness the astonishing light of your own being.” - The poet Hafez of Persia
(540) 565-5799 View (540) 565-5799
Photo of Isabella Garcia, MS, Pre-Licensed Professional
Isabella Garcia
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Are you struggling with anxiety, recovering from trauma, substance use issues, or struggling with identity or lifestyles changes? I’m Isabella, a compassionate therapist working with clients who struggle with anxiety and are recovering from trauma. My therapeutic approach is empathetic, personalized, and designed to foster healing and growth.
Are you struggling with anxiety, recovering from trauma, substance use issues, or struggling with identity or lifestyles changes? I’m Isabella, a compassionate therapist working with clients who struggle with anxiety and are recovering from trauma. My therapeutic approach is empathetic, personalized, and designed to foster healing and growth.
(540) 712-6254 View (540) 712-6254
Photo of Tami Nelson, PsyD, LCP, Psychologist
Tami Nelson
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in anxiety and PTSD treatment for adults, expats, Foreign Service members, and military veterans. I also routinely conduct psychological testing for ADHD, PTSD, and differential diagnosis of other mental health concerns. I believe that a collaborative and empathic approach to psychological care empowers people to create lasting and meaningful change. In this approach, I utilize a combination of evidence-based practice and clinical expertise in order to promote your personal strengths, to enhance your resiliency, and to achieve your goals.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in anxiety and PTSD treatment for adults, expats, Foreign Service members, and military veterans. I also routinely conduct psychological testing for ADHD, PTSD, and differential diagnosis of other mental health concerns. I believe that a collaborative and empathic approach to psychological care empowers people to create lasting and meaningful change. In this approach, I utilize a combination of evidence-based practice and clinical expertise in order to promote your personal strengths, to enhance your resiliency, and to achieve your goals.
(571) 200-1788 View (571) 200-1788
Photo of Marjorie Davis - Marjorie Davis, Restoration Counseling Services, MA, LPC, CCATP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marjorie Davis, Restoration Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCATP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Purcellville, VA 20132
Restoring strength, finding hope, growing wisdom. We all experience hardships. Whether it be relationship issues, excessive worry or anxiety disorders such as OCD , depressive symptoms, life transitions, grief and loss and so much more. In this life, no one is without struggles. But your struggles do not need to define you, nor do they need to steal your hope and joy. Marjorie has worked with clients who experience a variety of challenges including anxiety, depression, panic attacks, substance abuse, spiritual/ faith-based struggles, family conflict, OCD, self-confidence issues, student athletes, trauma and grief/loss.
Restoring strength, finding hope, growing wisdom. We all experience hardships. Whether it be relationship issues, excessive worry or anxiety disorders such as OCD , depressive symptoms, life transitions, grief and loss and so much more. In this life, no one is without struggles. But your struggles do not need to define you, nor do they need to steal your hope and joy. Marjorie has worked with clients who experience a variety of challenges including anxiety, depression, panic attacks, substance abuse, spiritual/ faith-based struggles, family conflict, OCD, self-confidence issues, student athletes, trauma and grief/loss.
(571) 459-1009 View (571) 459-1009
Photo of Tamara Port - Mountain View Therapy Group, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mountain View Therapy Group
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
We are accepting new clients at this time! Welcome! We are so glad you are here. Mountain View Therapy Group has been established to meet the mental health needs in our community. Our clinicians provide quality therapy to children, teens and adults by providing individuals with tools and strategies to navigate difficult situations and emotions.
We are accepting new clients at this time! Welcome! We are so glad you are here. Mountain View Therapy Group has been established to meet the mental health needs in our community. Our clinicians provide quality therapy to children, teens and adults by providing individuals with tools and strategies to navigate difficult situations and emotions.
(540) 210-1381 View (540) 210-1381
Photo of Kellie Boyle, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kellie Boyle
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Kellie is a LPC who has been practicing since 2015. She graduated from JMU with a degree in Psychology & Family Studies, earned her Master’s in Counseling at UNC Charlotte, and completed post- master’s work in professional counseling at VCU. Kellie thoroughly enjoys learning about her client’s backgrounds and life experiences. She became EMDR trained in September 2023; being completely inspired by the research and outcomes of this treatment area. She is eager to continue her training, development, and advocacy in EMDR. Kellie also uses a great deal of Cognitive Behavioral techniques.
Kellie is a LPC who has been practicing since 2015. She graduated from JMU with a degree in Psychology & Family Studies, earned her Master’s in Counseling at UNC Charlotte, and completed post- master’s work in professional counseling at VCU. Kellie thoroughly enjoys learning about her client’s backgrounds and life experiences. She became EMDR trained in September 2023; being completely inspired by the research and outcomes of this treatment area. She is eager to continue her training, development, and advocacy in EMDR. Kellie also uses a great deal of Cognitive Behavioral techniques.
(540) 889-3748 View (540) 889-3748
Photo of Holly Ameen, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Holly Ameen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Holly Ameen is a licensed professional counselor who has 20 years of experience working in the mental health field. She obtained her Bachelor of Science degree at James Madison University in 2001 and Master's degree from Marymount University in 2005. Holly feels confident working with clients who have complex mental health or behavioral challenges. Therapy modalities used in treatment include cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, solution focused therapy and animal assisted therapy.
Holly Ameen is a licensed professional counselor who has 20 years of experience working in the mental health field. She obtained her Bachelor of Science degree at James Madison University in 2001 and Master's degree from Marymount University in 2005. Holly feels confident working with clients who have complex mental health or behavioral challenges. Therapy modalities used in treatment include cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, solution focused therapy and animal assisted therapy.
(540) 698-4879 View (540) 698-4879
Photo of Laura L Pasch, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura L Pasch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
I look forward to meeting you, your family, your couple hood, and/or child to create a warm experience for growth and change. After careful assessment and collaboration as needed, I use humor, creativity and insight to connect with my clients & put them at ease. With time, we delve deeper for more sustained progress, using over 25 years of experience & a variety of modalities to connect and transform. I am known for working with complex children, individual, couples, & families with a unique combination of caring and toughness. I take a very personalized approach to each person, family & situation, embracing each with passion.
I look forward to meeting you, your family, your couple hood, and/or child to create a warm experience for growth and change. After careful assessment and collaboration as needed, I use humor, creativity and insight to connect with my clients & put them at ease. With time, we delve deeper for more sustained progress, using over 25 years of experience & a variety of modalities to connect and transform. I am known for working with complex children, individual, couples, & families with a unique combination of caring and toughness. I take a very personalized approach to each person, family & situation, embracing each with passion.
(703) 935-5653 View (703) 935-5653
Photo of Tina M Pascua, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tina M Pascua
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
I specialize in Solution Focused Brief Therapy. I can provide in person, telehealth services in Virginia and telehealth services in WV. Our ideal client at Heartstrings Mended Counseling may be grappling with the challenges of life, striving for fulfilling relationships and seeking emotional well-being. They might be individuals aiming for self-discovery, couples yearning for deeper emotional connections, or families navigating complex dynamics. Their goals center around trust, love, mutual respect, and understanding, all in pursuit of a holistic journey of contentment and well-being.
I specialize in Solution Focused Brief Therapy. I can provide in person, telehealth services in Virginia and telehealth services in WV. Our ideal client at Heartstrings Mended Counseling may be grappling with the challenges of life, striving for fulfilling relationships and seeking emotional well-being. They might be individuals aiming for self-discovery, couples yearning for deeper emotional connections, or families navigating complex dynamics. Their goals center around trust, love, mutual respect, and understanding, all in pursuit of a holistic journey of contentment and well-being.
(540) 358-8412 View (540) 358-8412
Photo of Cynthia W Hayes, PhD, Psychologist
Cynthia W Hayes
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
I have a broad practice in which I work with adults, adolescents and children on a variety of issues including, depression, anxiety, relationship and family issues, ADHD, learning and developmental difficulties. I also conduct psychoeducational and gifted and talented testing.
I have a broad practice in which I work with adults, adolescents and children on a variety of issues including, depression, anxiety, relationship and family issues, ADHD, learning and developmental difficulties. I also conduct psychoeducational and gifted and talented testing.
(703) 468-8426 View (703) 468-8426
Photo of Nancy Paz Welsh, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nancy Paz Welsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132  (Online Only)
Nancy Paz Welsh is a first-generation American of Salvadorian descent who is a bilingual (English & Spanish) Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Maryland and Virginia. She is a strong advocate and educator in mental health development and insightfulness, while also normalizing the importance of mental health therapy.
Nancy Paz Welsh is a first-generation American of Salvadorian descent who is a bilingual (English & Spanish) Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Maryland and Virginia. She is a strong advocate and educator in mental health development and insightfulness, while also normalizing the importance of mental health therapy.
(540) 779-1079 View (540) 779-1079
Photo of Audrey Chadwick, MSW, Pre-Licensed Professional
Audrey Chadwick
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Purcellville, VA 20132
Audrey works with individuals such as adolescents and adults, within a range of issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, loss, low self esteem and life transitions. Additionally, Audrey has background and experience working with survivors of domestic violence, sexual violence and human trafficking. Audrey is committed to supporting survivors in processing and discovering their trauma, experiences and personal inner resilience.
Audrey works with individuals such as adolescents and adults, within a range of issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, loss, low self esteem and life transitions. Additionally, Audrey has background and experience working with survivors of domestic violence, sexual violence and human trafficking. Audrey is committed to supporting survivors in processing and discovering their trauma, experiences and personal inner resilience.
(540) 346-3863 View (540) 346-3863
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Purcellville, VA

80+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Purcellville, VA who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
81% Depression
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Relationship Issues
67% Self Esteem
63% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

61% Aetna
61% BlueCross and BlueShield
61% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Purcellville, VA see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Purcellville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.