Therapists in Chicago, IL

View neighborhoods in Chicago
Photo of Marinda Carly Kennedy Roberts, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marinda Carly Kennedy Roberts
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618
My formal counseling journey includes a M.S. in Counseling with my (LPC). I bring a wealth of personal experience, 25 years of career experience, and a faith-based philosophy to those in need of healing. As a Counseling Director in a high school environment, I am uniquely qualified to provide therapeutic services to families navigating the education system. I have a passion for empowering young adults, adolescents, and children to reach their God-given potential through counseling, training, and mentoring.
My formal counseling journey includes a M.S. in Counseling with my (LPC). I bring a wealth of personal experience, 25 years of career experience, and a faith-based philosophy to those in need of healing. As a Counseling Director in a high school environment, I am uniquely qualified to provide therapeutic services to families navigating the education system. I have a passion for empowering young adults, adolescents, and children to reach their God-given potential through counseling, training, and mentoring.
(872) 245-0457 View (872) 245-0457
Photo of Tara Thomason, JD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tara Thomason
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661
Waitlist for new clients
My approach to therapy is reflective, authentic and insight oriented, with an emphasis on creating a trusting and collaborative relationship. With more than 20 years experience working with individuals, couples and families, my practice is informed by clinical expertise in treating symptoms of trauma, depression, and anxiety. I also counsel for issues related to life transitions, complex relationships, intimacy, parenting, identity, grief and loss. I greet clients with openness and curiosity, engaging a process that best fits their individual needs.
My approach to therapy is reflective, authentic and insight oriented, with an emphasis on creating a trusting and collaborative relationship. With more than 20 years experience working with individuals, couples and families, my practice is informed by clinical expertise in treating symptoms of trauma, depression, and anxiety. I also counsel for issues related to life transitions, complex relationships, intimacy, parenting, identity, grief and loss. I greet clients with openness and curiosity, engaging a process that best fits their individual needs.
(773) 696-1331 View (773) 696-1331
Photo of Rachel Spizzirri, MA, LCPC
Rachel Spizzirri
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about helping people find balance and peace through therapy. It is my belief that everyone deserves an empathetic therapist that can help them feel empowered to overcome whatever obstacles they may be facing. I am confident that therapy can be an opportunity to strengthen problem-solving skills and take steps towards making meaningful change. I am dedicated to creating a non-judgmental and compassionate therapeutic environment to best help my clients overcome whatever challenge or goal they seek to achieve.
I am passionate about helping people find balance and peace through therapy. It is my belief that everyone deserves an empathetic therapist that can help them feel empowered to overcome whatever obstacles they may be facing. I am confident that therapy can be an opportunity to strengthen problem-solving skills and take steps towards making meaningful change. I am dedicated to creating a non-judgmental and compassionate therapeutic environment to best help my clients overcome whatever challenge or goal they seek to achieve.
View
Photo of Elizabeth Perri, PsyD, CST, Psychologist
Elizabeth Perri
Psychologist, PsyD, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60654  (Online Only)
Many people feel distressed, confused, lost, or overwhelmed long before they enter therapy. It takes courage to reach out to a stranger for support, and I'm here to help guide you on your journey to uncovering your inner strengths, and identify goals based on your wants and needs. I help people who want to make positive changes in their lives, but are held back by fear, stress, indecision, or old habits. I can help you not only gain awareness and insight, but learn concrete strategies for managing uncomfortable thoughts, emotions, and harmful behaviors.
Many people feel distressed, confused, lost, or overwhelmed long before they enter therapy. It takes courage to reach out to a stranger for support, and I'm here to help guide you on your journey to uncovering your inner strengths, and identify goals based on your wants and needs. I help people who want to make positive changes in their lives, but are held back by fear, stress, indecision, or old habits. I can help you not only gain awareness and insight, but learn concrete strategies for managing uncomfortable thoughts, emotions, and harmful behaviors.
(847) 737-4962 View (847) 737-4962
Photo of Ali Morris, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ali Morris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life can feel overwhelming and lonely. I tailor therapy to help you explore internal experiences and barriers to living an enriched and meaningful life. I believe we can work together to process your internal emotional experiences and identify skills to empower you to pursue a fulfilling life.
Life can feel overwhelming and lonely. I tailor therapy to help you explore internal experiences and barriers to living an enriched and meaningful life. I believe we can work together to process your internal emotional experiences and identify skills to empower you to pursue a fulfilling life.
(872) 240-5827 View (872) 240-5827
Photo of Noah Kinder, MS, ALMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Noah Kinder
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, ALMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
I believe that everyone is capable of change and growth, and all are deserving of a therapy space that feels safe, nonjudgmental, and honors the unique identities and lived experiences of each individual. As a therapist, I see my role as an ally, advocate, and teammate in helping my clients achieve their goals. These may include improving self-esteem, living more authentically, seeking deeper connections, engaging in identity work, learning new ways of coping, strengthening relationships, striving for a more fulfilling life, and so many others!
I believe that everyone is capable of change and growth, and all are deserving of a therapy space that feels safe, nonjudgmental, and honors the unique identities and lived experiences of each individual. As a therapist, I see my role as an ally, advocate, and teammate in helping my clients achieve their goals. These may include improving self-esteem, living more authentically, seeking deeper connections, engaging in identity work, learning new ways of coping, strengthening relationships, striving for a more fulfilling life, and so many others!
(331) 343-4643 View (331) 343-4643
Photo of Michelle Labedz, Pre-Licensed Professional
Michelle Labedz
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
I work with individuals who may be struggling with a variety of issues such as self-esteem and identity, relationship/relational issues, life transitions, C/PTSD and trauma. With couples, I help to identify needs and desires, grow communication and understanding, and strengthen and align values.
I work with individuals who may be struggling with a variety of issues such as self-esteem and identity, relationship/relational issues, life transitions, C/PTSD and trauma. With couples, I help to identify needs and desires, grow communication and understanding, and strengthen and align values.
(708) 584-1876 x510 View (708) 584-1876 x510
Photo of Meg Coyne Sex And Relationship Therapist, LCSW, she/her, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Meg Coyne Sex And Relationship Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, she/her
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
As a relationship and sex therapist, I'm interested in creating a positive and welcoming space for processing your feelings and issues. Our work together is to enhance your resilience, support your healing process and increase self acceptance. The therapeutic journey is a shared process. Our collaboration will target interventions to meet your needs.
As a relationship and sex therapist, I'm interested in creating a positive and welcoming space for processing your feelings and issues. Our work together is to enhance your resilience, support your healing process and increase self acceptance. The therapeutic journey is a shared process. Our collaboration will target interventions to meet your needs.
(312) 945-0845 View (312) 945-0845
Photo of Candice Williams, MS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Candice Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604
I have clinical experience working with people presenting with anxiety and depression as well as low self-esteem, phase-of-life and transition problems, racial issues, relational issues (whether marital or peer), and familial distress. I believe that with genuine care, support, and accountability, clients can tackle their goals with more understanding and willingness. Though change can be difficult, I believe it is more attainable through the building of a genuine therapeutic relationship. As human beings, connection and support are necessities- especially when we are working on feeling better.
I have clinical experience working with people presenting with anxiety and depression as well as low self-esteem, phase-of-life and transition problems, racial issues, relational issues (whether marital or peer), and familial distress. I believe that with genuine care, support, and accountability, clients can tackle their goals with more understanding and willingness. Though change can be difficult, I believe it is more attainable through the building of a genuine therapeutic relationship. As human beings, connection and support are necessities- especially when we are working on feeling better.
(630) 345-8434 View (630) 345-8434
Photo of Carmaletta Zandi, PhD, LSW
Carmaletta Zandi
Licensed Social Worker, PhD, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60604  (Online Only)
I am Dr. Carmaletta Zandi, a Licensed Social Worker and Therapist . My professional journey has spanned across various age groups, from children to seniors, and has allowed me to gain extensive experience in addressing a wide range of concerns. Include: anxiety, depression, grief and loss, PTSD, recidivism, military separation transition, life transitions, and paw-sitive reflections. I hope this message finds you well. I understand that choosing the right professional to trust with your unique needs and goals can be a challenging process. I want to assure you that I am here to help and support you on your journey.
I am Dr. Carmaletta Zandi, a Licensed Social Worker and Therapist . My professional journey has spanned across various age groups, from children to seniors, and has allowed me to gain extensive experience in addressing a wide range of concerns. Include: anxiety, depression, grief and loss, PTSD, recidivism, military separation transition, life transitions, and paw-sitive reflections. I hope this message finds you well. I understand that choosing the right professional to trust with your unique needs and goals can be a challenging process. I want to assure you that I am here to help and support you on your journey.
(773) 207-6947 View (773) 207-6947
Photo of Andriana Koltko, MA, LPC, CCTP, CSTIP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Andriana Koltko
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP, CSTIP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
Life is not always easy - whether psychological or environmental, obstacles often come before us. I am passionate about assisting clients feel empowered to move past these obstacles to have the type of lives that they envision for themselves. I believe this is something we are all deserving of in our lives. Let’s work together by looking at what goals you have and creating a plan on how to achieve them. I will assist you by providing a safe, affirming, inclusive, warm, and open environment where you feel comfortable saying whatever is on their mind. We will work as a team to get you where you want to be.
Life is not always easy - whether psychological or environmental, obstacles often come before us. I am passionate about assisting clients feel empowered to move past these obstacles to have the type of lives that they envision for themselves. I believe this is something we are all deserving of in our lives. Let’s work together by looking at what goals you have and creating a plan on how to achieve them. I will assist you by providing a safe, affirming, inclusive, warm, and open environment where you feel comfortable saying whatever is on their mind. We will work as a team to get you where you want to be.
(224) 267-9554 View (224) 267-9554
Photo of Kaitlyn Folkes, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kaitlyn Folkes
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60646
I help people struggling with issues with relationships, anxiety, mood, grief, trauma, and neurodivergence. I believe healing comes from mutually empowering relationships and connection to one’s identities. As a queer and neurodivergent clinician, I enjoy working with folks exploring their intersecting identities. My approach to therapy is relational and collaborative. In our work together, I will emphasize transparency and authenticity as we bring awareness to the different aspects of your experiences and struggles. My practice is guided by curiosity and nonjudgment and my style is deeply introspective with a sense of playfulness.
I help people struggling with issues with relationships, anxiety, mood, grief, trauma, and neurodivergence. I believe healing comes from mutually empowering relationships and connection to one’s identities. As a queer and neurodivergent clinician, I enjoy working with folks exploring their intersecting identities. My approach to therapy is relational and collaborative. In our work together, I will emphasize transparency and authenticity as we bring awareness to the different aspects of your experiences and struggles. My practice is guided by curiosity and nonjudgment and my style is deeply introspective with a sense of playfulness.
(773) 569-3582 View (773) 569-3582
Photo of Casey Wallace, MSW,  LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Casey Wallace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Casey Wallace, LCSW, provides compassionate, clientcentered care to individuals seeking mental health support in Illinois. With a strengthbased approach, she meets clients where they are, ensuring an empathic and nonjudgmental environment. Casey integrates mindfulness practices, goaldriven therapy, and valuebased living into her sessions, helping clients navigate their unique challenges. Specializing in treating adults and seniors, Casey is passionate about addressing issues related to anxiety, depression, and addiction.
Casey Wallace, LCSW, provides compassionate, clientcentered care to individuals seeking mental health support in Illinois. With a strengthbased approach, she meets clients where they are, ensuring an empathic and nonjudgmental environment. Casey integrates mindfulness practices, goaldriven therapy, and valuebased living into her sessions, helping clients navigate their unique challenges. Specializing in treating adults and seniors, Casey is passionate about addressing issues related to anxiety, depression, and addiction.
(872) 246-9309 View (872) 246-9309
Photo of Jessie Jingru Tan, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessie Jingru Tan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60610
I can help with: Mood issues (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder), adult or childhood trauma, perinatal mental health concerns and birth trauma (for birthing and non-birthing parents), vicarious trauma, family and relationship difficulties, and grief.
I can help with: Mood issues (depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder), adult or childhood trauma, perinatal mental health concerns and birth trauma (for birthing and non-birthing parents), vicarious trauma, family and relationship difficulties, and grief.
(312) 847-3522 View (312) 847-3522
Photo of James Pomeroy, Pre-Licensed Professional
James Pomeroy
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Not accepting new clients
My primary goal as a therapist is to create a safe, affirming, and accepting environment for clients to just be themselves, to discuss their concerns, and to develop coping skills and a manageable, sustainable plan for moving forward. Whether you’re experiencing anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, identity concerns, relationship issues or something else, I am confident we can find solutions together. Through an evidence-based approach, mixed with creativity and maybe a little humor, we can help you get the most out of your life.
My primary goal as a therapist is to create a safe, affirming, and accepting environment for clients to just be themselves, to discuss their concerns, and to develop coping skills and a manageable, sustainable plan for moving forward. Whether you’re experiencing anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, identity concerns, relationship issues or something else, I am confident we can find solutions together. Through an evidence-based approach, mixed with creativity and maybe a little humor, we can help you get the most out of your life.
(872) 266-2539 View (872) 266-2539
Photo of Ab Compernolle, AM, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ab Compernolle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AM, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
Navigating life's challenges, both personal and systemic, can leave you disconnected from what feels uniquely meaningful. I'm committed to supporting individuals who are on a path of authenticity and alignment with their innermost selves. I have trust in your ability to guide your own journey towards healing; my role is to support and facilitate the unfolding of your whole self. It brings me immense joy to be a part of this process!
Navigating life's challenges, both personal and systemic, can leave you disconnected from what feels uniquely meaningful. I'm committed to supporting individuals who are on a path of authenticity and alignment with their innermost selves. I have trust in your ability to guide your own journey towards healing; my role is to support and facilitate the unfolding of your whole self. It brings me immense joy to be a part of this process!
(872) 259-7463 View (872) 259-7463
Photo of Cheri DeMoss, MA, LCPC, CAADC, MAC, NCADCII, Counselor
Cheri DeMoss
Counselor, MA, LCPC, CAADC, MAC, NCADCII
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Cheri DeMoss is founder & director of Empowering OptionsTM Counseling Innovations. For the past 29 years, Cheri's approach is distinctive in its effectiveness. She provides key information; clear insights & innovative techniques to use immediately. By teaming new information with fresh ways to look at long-standing beliefs, reactions, & behavior patterns you can create the changes you want. Whether you want to improve your relationship, alleviate depression, or be more pro-active in your life - the things we struggle with come from not having relevant knowledge that we can turn into action.
Cheri DeMoss is founder & director of Empowering OptionsTM Counseling Innovations. For the past 29 years, Cheri's approach is distinctive in its effectiveness. She provides key information; clear insights & innovative techniques to use immediately. By teaming new information with fresh ways to look at long-standing beliefs, reactions, & behavior patterns you can create the changes you want. Whether you want to improve your relationship, alleviate depression, or be more pro-active in your life - the things we struggle with come from not having relevant knowledge that we can turn into action.
(773) 219-2331 View (773) 219-2331
Photo of Tim Sturrock, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tim Sturrock
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Now Accepting New Clients In Person and Online — I am here to offer support and guidance to clients during difficult times, transitions, or simply in their everyday lives. There are moments when understanding and processing our feelings, thoughts, and circumstances become crucial, and I offer a collaborative, non-judgmental space for that purpose. I tend to work with men dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, work stress, social isolation, life transitions, trauma as well as issues related to sexuality and identity. I also have experience working with people who are under excessive external pressure to succeed.
Now Accepting New Clients In Person and Online — I am here to offer support and guidance to clients during difficult times, transitions, or simply in their everyday lives. There are moments when understanding and processing our feelings, thoughts, and circumstances become crucial, and I offer a collaborative, non-judgmental space for that purpose. I tend to work with men dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, work stress, social isolation, life transitions, trauma as well as issues related to sexuality and identity. I also have experience working with people who are under excessive external pressure to succeed.
(872) 266-3735 View (872) 266-3735
Photo of Dr. Eleanor D Laser, PhD, Counselor
Dr. Eleanor D Laser
Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
I am a psychotherapist with extensive experience using Hypnosis, NLP, EMDR and EFT for medical procedures, weight loss, anxiety reduction, essential tremor, and other issues. Through hypnosis, I can help you shift into a new way of thinking and being by deleting old messages and old programmed behaviors. We can replace old behaviors that no longer serve you with new thoughts and actions and that will improve the quality of your life and give you the peace and comfort. I am a coauthor of Patient Sedation Without Medication. Please visit my website www.laserhypnosis.com.
I am a psychotherapist with extensive experience using Hypnosis, NLP, EMDR and EFT for medical procedures, weight loss, anxiety reduction, essential tremor, and other issues. Through hypnosis, I can help you shift into a new way of thinking and being by deleting old messages and old programmed behaviors. We can replace old behaviors that no longer serve you with new thoughts and actions and that will improve the quality of your life and give you the peace and comfort. I am a coauthor of Patient Sedation Without Medication. Please visit my website www.laserhypnosis.com.
(312) 465-4993 View (312) 465-4993
Photo of Philip Bestrom, MA, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Philip Bestrom
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
May 2024 Accepting New Patients / Psychotherapy is a highly individualized practice that can assist with a broad set of life problems. Each session carries the potential for change and growth. In my practice I strive to create deeply personal and meaningful experiences. I believe we best accomplish this by developing a mutual understanding of the concerns that have brought you to therapy, and then embarking on a collaborative process towards addressing your goals for treatment. I enjoy and welcome working with people from diverse backgrounds on a wide range of issues.
May 2024 Accepting New Patients / Psychotherapy is a highly individualized practice that can assist with a broad set of life problems. Each session carries the potential for change and growth. In my practice I strive to create deeply personal and meaningful experiences. I believe we best accomplish this by developing a mutual understanding of the concerns that have brought you to therapy, and then embarking on a collaborative process towards addressing your goals for treatment. I enjoy and welcome working with people from diverse backgrounds on a wide range of issues.
(773) 295-2879 View (773) 295-2879
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.