Therapists in Lombard, IL

Photo of Dr. Eleni Malamis, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Dr. Eleni Malamis
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has devoted my clinical work to assisting adult individuals with a broad spectrum of concerns. I provide warm and caring support to those struggling with life's challenges. Specifically, I enjoy working with individuals in the following areas: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, life transitions, low self-esteem, communication, and relationship concerns.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist who has devoted my clinical work to assisting adult individuals with a broad spectrum of concerns. I provide warm and caring support to those struggling with life's challenges. Specifically, I enjoy working with individuals in the following areas: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, life transitions, low self-esteem, communication, and relationship concerns.
(331) 207-1933 View (331) 207-1933
Photo of Dimitria Vandarakis, MS, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dimitria Vandarakis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148
People are compassionate beings and I treat each with care, support and respect. Over the years, I have learned to treat the whole mind and whole body. I have learned you can not treat one without the other. Understanding the interconnectedness of the mind and body has been my life's passion. In the 24 years of providing clinical treatment, I take a multidisciplinary approach to therapy. I use an innovative array of therapies and techniques depending on your situation and way of learning. I believe every one experiences life differently and every one is a teacher to each other.
People are compassionate beings and I treat each with care, support and respect. Over the years, I have learned to treat the whole mind and whole body. I have learned you can not treat one without the other. Understanding the interconnectedness of the mind and body has been my life's passion. In the 24 years of providing clinical treatment, I take a multidisciplinary approach to therapy. I use an innovative array of therapies and techniques depending on your situation and way of learning. I believe every one experiences life differently and every one is a teacher to each other.
(630) 503-6686 View (630) 503-6686
Photo of Latrice Maric, LPCC
Latrice Maric
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148
I am Latrice Annette Maric, a licensed clinical professional counselor (LCPC) and an international psychologist (Ph.D.) with several years of experience in individual psychotherapy. I work with a diverse clientele on a variety of life concerns, such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, and cultural diversity matters. I view therapy as collaborative with clients and therapists both in setting treatment goals as well as working toward those goals. I have worked extensively with clients presenting with anxiety, depression, and general life transitions.
I am Latrice Annette Maric, a licensed clinical professional counselor (LCPC) and an international psychologist (Ph.D.) with several years of experience in individual psychotherapy. I work with a diverse clientele on a variety of life concerns, such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, and cultural diversity matters. I view therapy as collaborative with clients and therapists both in setting treatment goals as well as working toward those goals. I have worked extensively with clients presenting with anxiety, depression, and general life transitions.
(312) 626-8261 View (312) 626-8261
Photo of Jennifer Tewell, LCPC, CADC, Counselor
Jennifer Tewell
Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lombard, IL 60148
You are stronger, braver, and more resilient then your mind gives you credit for; but sometimes those thoughts and feelings can overwhelm us to the point where we lose ourselves and the things and people we value most. As a therapist, my goal is to allow you to see your emotions and thoughts as just that- and to reestablish the connection between actions and your unique, individual values. We as humans are all susceptible to emotional pain; how we deal with this pain- be it the pain of change, loss, or inexplicable anxiety and hopelessness- can define whether we evolve from these or stay stuck in it.
You are stronger, braver, and more resilient then your mind gives you credit for; but sometimes those thoughts and feelings can overwhelm us to the point where we lose ourselves and the things and people we value most. As a therapist, my goal is to allow you to see your emotions and thoughts as just that- and to reestablish the connection between actions and your unique, individual values. We as humans are all susceptible to emotional pain; how we deal with this pain- be it the pain of change, loss, or inexplicable anxiety and hopelessness- can define whether we evolve from these or stay stuck in it.
(331) 256-2906 View (331) 256-2906
Photo of Shelley Burns, LCSW, EMDR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shelley Burns
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148
Hi! I am here to create a safe and supportive space for you. My goal is to empower you to experience long-term growth, utilizing strength-focused, trauma-informed, and evidence-based therapy. Main clinical areas I treat are depression, anxiety, OCD, low self-esteem, school challenges, interpersonal conflict, life transitions, trauma, and stress. My approach with youth is derived from training in Collaborative and Proactive Solutions, CBT, and play therapy. Using these techniques, I develop an understanding of each person’s internal and external world to identify the earliest point of change and facilitate improved functioning.
Hi! I am here to create a safe and supportive space for you. My goal is to empower you to experience long-term growth, utilizing strength-focused, trauma-informed, and evidence-based therapy. Main clinical areas I treat are depression, anxiety, OCD, low self-esteem, school challenges, interpersonal conflict, life transitions, trauma, and stress. My approach with youth is derived from training in Collaborative and Proactive Solutions, CBT, and play therapy. Using these techniques, I develop an understanding of each person’s internal and external world to identify the earliest point of change and facilitate improved functioning.
(331) 259-8601 View (331) 259-8601
Photo of Genai S Houser, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Genai S Houser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148  (Online Only)
We all go through life’s journey faced with unexpected transitions, tough decisions, and stressors. Sometimes we struggle finding our purpose, feeling misunderstood, or even lost. I'm willing to fight these challenges with you. Whether it be you or your child experiencing depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, anger, trauma, interpersonal or family conflict, never feel it is too early or late to reach out for support and talk it through. My goal is to provide an authentic, collaborative, and safe environment to allow everyone the space to express themselves.
We all go through life’s journey faced with unexpected transitions, tough decisions, and stressors. Sometimes we struggle finding our purpose, feeling misunderstood, or even lost. I'm willing to fight these challenges with you. Whether it be you or your child experiencing depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, anger, trauma, interpersonal or family conflict, never feel it is too early or late to reach out for support and talk it through. My goal is to provide an authentic, collaborative, and safe environment to allow everyone the space to express themselves.
(331) 260-0814 View (331) 260-0814
Photo of Ron Jordan - Ron Jordan, LCSW, LCSW, CMFT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ron Jordan, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CMFT
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148
Do you want to feel better? Do you want to feel more in control of your life? I see clients through teleterapy and in-person. I will help you find the solutions you need to feel in charge of your life. I have worked with people of all ages and backgrounds for the past twenty three years. I am confident that I can help you if you are willing to take the steps necessary to change your life. The first step is to have the courage to reach out for help when you need it. I will provide the professional care that you need in a safe, caring, and comforting environment.
Do you want to feel better? Do you want to feel more in control of your life? I see clients through teleterapy and in-person. I will help you find the solutions you need to feel in charge of your life. I have worked with people of all ages and backgrounds for the past twenty three years. I am confident that I can help you if you are willing to take the steps necessary to change your life. The first step is to have the courage to reach out for help when you need it. I will provide the professional care that you need in a safe, caring, and comforting environment.
(847) 512-8423 View (847) 512-8423
Photo of Jacob Borge, MA, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jacob Borge
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lombard, IL 60148
It is valid to feel overwhelmed, unfulfilled, and upset as we navigate our lives. We do not have unlimited amounts of time, resources, or energy, and it is natural that life will bring challenges and experiences that cannot be addressed alone. I believe it is a sign of strength and self-love to know when to seek support, and I am committed to giving space to concerns throughout all ages and areas of life. I also strive to continually learn and grow in order to best support and accommodate your preferences, goals, and needs.
It is valid to feel overwhelmed, unfulfilled, and upset as we navigate our lives. We do not have unlimited amounts of time, resources, or energy, and it is natural that life will bring challenges and experiences that cannot be addressed alone. I believe it is a sign of strength and self-love to know when to seek support, and I am committed to giving space to concerns throughout all ages and areas of life. I also strive to continually learn and grow in order to best support and accommodate your preferences, goals, and needs.
(224) 404-3489 View (224) 404-3489
Photo of Tom Wolf, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Tom Wolf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with clients who are adjusting to life's difficulties and managing a life stage or an illness. With over 20 years experience working with people with physical disabilities and chronic illnesses, my special interests include Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury survivors and their families. Some have had difficult times in earlier life and want to move beyond those limitations and lead fuller lives. Others are going through rough spots and are looking for someone to talk with outside their family or circle of friends.
I enjoy working with clients who are adjusting to life's difficulties and managing a life stage or an illness. With over 20 years experience working with people with physical disabilities and chronic illnesses, my special interests include Traumatic Brain Injury and Spinal Cord Injury survivors and their families. Some have had difficult times in earlier life and want to move beyond those limitations and lead fuller lives. Others are going through rough spots and are looking for someone to talk with outside their family or circle of friends.
(331) 320-6066 View (331) 320-6066
Photo of Vanessa Diaz, LPC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Vanessa Diaz
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148
My name is Vanessa Diaz, LPC, as someone committed to supporting individuals and families, I bring a blend of compassion and offer a variety of therapeutic services tailored to align with each individual's needs. I am a proud mother of two wonderful children, including a neurodivergent child, which has deeply enriched my understanding and empathy in my work. My commitment extends to serving the LatinX community, providing therapy services in Spanish to ensure inclusivity and accessibility.
My name is Vanessa Diaz, LPC, as someone committed to supporting individuals and families, I bring a blend of compassion and offer a variety of therapeutic services tailored to align with each individual's needs. I am a proud mother of two wonderful children, including a neurodivergent child, which has deeply enriched my understanding and empathy in my work. My commitment extends to serving the LatinX community, providing therapy services in Spanish to ensure inclusivity and accessibility.
(331) 267-6550 View (331) 267-6550
Photo of Rachael McKenney, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachael McKenney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148  (Online Only)
You made it through the baby and early toddler years but now have collided with the challenges of raising preschool-aged children. Nothing has worked: sticker charts, time outs, or yelling to manage the chaos and frustration.
You made it through the baby and early toddler years but now have collided with the challenges of raising preschool-aged children. Nothing has worked: sticker charts, time outs, or yelling to manage the chaos and frustration.
(331) 204-1597 View (331) 204-1597
Photo of Sana Mohiuddin, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sana Mohiuddin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lombard, IL 60148  (Online Only)
As a dedicated and compassionate therapist, it is my mission to provide a safe and supportive environment for individuals seeking healing and personal growth. My name is Sana Mohiuddin, and I am a licensed therapist specializing in family systems and trauma-focused therapies, including Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) training, combined with an Islamically oriented approach.
As a dedicated and compassionate therapist, it is my mission to provide a safe and supportive environment for individuals seeking healing and personal growth. My name is Sana Mohiuddin, and I am a licensed therapist specializing in family systems and trauma-focused therapies, including Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) training, combined with an Islamically oriented approach.
(630) 517-3369 View (630) 517-3369
Photo of Lauren Dircks, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lauren Dircks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148  (Online Only)
As a licensed social worker, I believe it is imperative for everyone to have an adequate support system. My approach to joining your support system is to meet you where you are at, collaborate with you, and help you uncover the 'why' beneath your struggles. I cultivate a calm and compassionate therapeutic environment. I employ various evidence-based practices including mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapy. I pride myself on being a lifelong learner and staying informed on the most innovative approaches.
As a licensed social worker, I believe it is imperative for everyone to have an adequate support system. My approach to joining your support system is to meet you where you are at, collaborate with you, and help you uncover the 'why' beneath your struggles. I cultivate a calm and compassionate therapeutic environment. I employ various evidence-based practices including mindfulness and cognitive-behavioral therapy. I pride myself on being a lifelong learner and staying informed on the most innovative approaches.
(331) 314-9301 View (331) 314-9301
Photo of Maya A Robinson - Mind Body Neurotherapy LLC, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mind Body Neurotherapy LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lombard, IL 60148
I am a licensed social worker for your wellness and Zumba instructor for your health. Wellness and healing is a vibe that should be accessible, embraced and catered to a person’s unique life journey. It brings me joy to share my knowledge about mental health and different ways to take care of self, Love thy self and feel unapologetic during their journey. I don’t know what someone has been through, so the best way to support is ‘meeting that person where they are and how the person sees the challenge. It's important to know that YOU are placed in this world for a reason and I want to support you in embracing all that is included.
I am a licensed social worker for your wellness and Zumba instructor for your health. Wellness and healing is a vibe that should be accessible, embraced and catered to a person’s unique life journey. It brings me joy to share my knowledge about mental health and different ways to take care of self, Love thy self and feel unapologetic during their journey. I don’t know what someone has been through, so the best way to support is ‘meeting that person where they are and how the person sees the challenge. It's important to know that YOU are placed in this world for a reason and I want to support you in embracing all that is included.
(331) 253-5285 View (331) 253-5285
Photo of Jennifer Speiden, MA, LCPC, NCC, CCTP, RDDP, Counselor
Jennifer Speiden
Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC, CCTP, RDDP
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148
Ask yourself these three questions... 1) Am I happy? 2) Am I doing what's best for me? 3) Am I in control of my life? I believe that everyone should have the potential to answer yes to those questions and lead a less stressful life. My approach as a counselor is to be encouraging, supportive and collaborate; and help individuals who are struggling with depression, anxiety, marital issues and job stress. I help people to create positive and lasting change in their lives and aid them in achieving their personal goals. Assessments can be conducted in as little as one office visit.
Ask yourself these three questions... 1) Am I happy? 2) Am I doing what's best for me? 3) Am I in control of my life? I believe that everyone should have the potential to answer yes to those questions and lead a less stressful life. My approach as a counselor is to be encouraging, supportive and collaborate; and help individuals who are struggling with depression, anxiety, marital issues and job stress. I help people to create positive and lasting change in their lives and aid them in achieving their personal goals. Assessments can be conducted in as little as one office visit.
(630) 313-4850 View (630) 313-4850
Photo of Dayrise Wellness - Dayrise Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dayrise Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lombard, IL 60148
Now accepting NEW clients AGES 12-25! Immediate Availability- which is hard to find in this field! It is exhausting to navigate the challenging waters of young adult or teen depression and anxiety while advocating for your child in school and doing your best to support them through mental health challenges. We understand. That’s why you can count on our clinicians and every single care coordinator on our team. We are ready to equip both you and your child with the tools, resources, support, and the best therapy for teens and young adults.
Now accepting NEW clients AGES 12-25! Immediate Availability- which is hard to find in this field! It is exhausting to navigate the challenging waters of young adult or teen depression and anxiety while advocating for your child in school and doing your best to support them through mental health challenges. We understand. That’s why you can count on our clinicians and every single care coordinator on our team. We are ready to equip both you and your child with the tools, resources, support, and the best therapy for teens and young adults.
(630) 593-7568 View (630) 593-7568
Photo of Carla Nodi, Pre-Licensed Professional
Carla Nodi
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148  (Online Only)
Despite your best efforts, you find yourself struggling to live the life you’ve dreamt of; one of personal fulfillment, financial stability and a sense of self-worth. And you’re not alone. More than two-thirds of Americans identify money as their biggest stressor, manifesting as anxiety or shame, hopelessness about the future, difficulty communicating with loved ones about money, roadblocks to professional growth, or challenges managing a budget or debts. If you’re here, you’ve taken the first courageous step forward by looking for help.
Despite your best efforts, you find yourself struggling to live the life you’ve dreamt of; one of personal fulfillment, financial stability and a sense of self-worth. And you’re not alone. More than two-thirds of Americans identify money as their biggest stressor, manifesting as anxiety or shame, hopelessness about the future, difficulty communicating with loved ones about money, roadblocks to professional growth, or challenges managing a budget or debts. If you’re here, you’ve taken the first courageous step forward by looking for help.
(331) 313-5389 View (331) 313-5389
Photo of Jenni Ford, LCPC, ART-BC, LMHC, Counselor
Jenni Ford
Counselor, LCPC, ART-BC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lombard, IL 60148
Jenni is dedicated to creating a secure and encouraging setting for counseling, available both in our Lombard office and through telehealth. She employs a strengths-based method to help clients harness their unique qualities, fostering positive transformations in their lives while championing their personal goals. Jenni holds an MA in Counseling Psychology and is a Board Certified Art Therapist.
Jenni is dedicated to creating a secure and encouraging setting for counseling, available both in our Lombard office and through telehealth. She employs a strengths-based method to help clients harness their unique qualities, fostering positive transformations in their lives while championing their personal goals. Jenni holds an MA in Counseling Psychology and is a Board Certified Art Therapist.
(630) 534-9514 View (630) 534-9514
Photo of Sara Gosic, MA, LPC , Licensed Professional Counselor
Sara Gosic
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148
Being a human in this world is weird and complicated. It's a rollercoaster that can be fun and exciting but it can also be difficult for us to stay on through all the twists and turns. I work with you to take your strengths and tackle the rollercoaster together. I strongly believe that therapy is safe, collaborative, supportive, open, honest, caring, challenging and empowering. The neurotypical world expects us to fit in, but as a neurodivergent affirming therapist, I'm here to encourage you to stand out!
Being a human in this world is weird and complicated. It's a rollercoaster that can be fun and exciting but it can also be difficult for us to stay on through all the twists and turns. I work with you to take your strengths and tackle the rollercoaster together. I strongly believe that therapy is safe, collaborative, supportive, open, honest, caring, challenging and empowering. The neurotypical world expects us to fit in, but as a neurodivergent affirming therapist, I'm here to encourage you to stand out!
(331) 244-0581 View (331) 244-0581
Photo of Faida Sahouri, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Faida Sahouri
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lombard, IL 60148
Guiding people through difficult times is a virtue of therapy that drew me to this profession. As a counselor, I want to help you to overcome challenges and become the person you hope to become. I use a client-centered, strength-based approach when working with clients. I believe all people have inner strengths, wisdom, and resources, and I want to help you achieve your goals and build connections. I am passionate about navigating your way through self-discovery, personal relationships, and finding resilience within yourself.
Guiding people through difficult times is a virtue of therapy that drew me to this profession. As a counselor, I want to help you to overcome challenges and become the person you hope to become. I use a client-centered, strength-based approach when working with clients. I believe all people have inner strengths, wisdom, and resources, and I want to help you achieve your goals and build connections. I am passionate about navigating your way through self-discovery, personal relationships, and finding resilience within yourself.
(331) 260-0603 View (331) 260-0603
1
...

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lombard, IL

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Lombard, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
91% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
70% Stress
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

94% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% Aetna
60% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Lombard, IL see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lombard?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.