Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Jagkirpal Channa, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jagkirpal Channa
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Sometimes, life challenges us with painful experiences that can leave us feeling overwhelmed. These deep and untreated wounds can hinder one's ability to be their true authentic self and live an empowered life. My goal is to provide my clients with a safe space to explore, challenge, and remove harmful patterns in their lives and create transformational healing. Using a collaborative approach, I walk alongside my clients as they develop new awareness, empathy, and meaning in their lives. I strive to unburden my clients from anxiety, depression, relationship distress, unhelpful narratives, and trauma to enhance life satisfaction.
Sometimes, life challenges us with painful experiences that can leave us feeling overwhelmed. These deep and untreated wounds can hinder one's ability to be their true authentic self and live an empowered life. My goal is to provide my clients with a safe space to explore, challenge, and remove harmful patterns in their lives and create transformational healing. Using a collaborative approach, I walk alongside my clients as they develop new awareness, empathy, and meaning in their lives. I strive to unburden my clients from anxiety, depression, relationship distress, unhelpful narratives, and trauma to enhance life satisfaction.
(215) 770-1588 View (215) 770-1588
Photo of Katherine Paul, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Katherine Paul
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
What inspires you? What scares you?  What do you most often shout from the rooftops?  What do you sometimes try to avoid thinking or feeling? I provide supportive and challenging psychotherapy for clients interested in identifying their complex narratives.  We will search for the patterns and themes that are creating barriers to healing and will locate those that enhance your ability to live authentically.  My social worker lens leads me to work with you to name and examine the societal systems most impacting you.
What inspires you? What scares you?  What do you most often shout from the rooftops?  What do you sometimes try to avoid thinking or feeling? I provide supportive and challenging psychotherapy for clients interested in identifying their complex narratives.  We will search for the patterns and themes that are creating barriers to healing and will locate those that enhance your ability to live authentically.  My social worker lens leads me to work with you to name and examine the societal systems most impacting you.
(215) 650-8728 View (215) 650-8728
Photo of Chelsea Campbell, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Chelsea Campbell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Chelsea Campbell Birkel is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. She specializes in depression, anxiety, addiction, behavioral issues, women's issues, relationships, stress, life transitions, and more. Chelsea holds a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Temple University and a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from George Washington University in Washington, DC.
Chelsea Campbell Birkel is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Nationally Certified Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. She specializes in depression, anxiety, addiction, behavioral issues, women's issues, relationships, stress, life transitions, and more. Chelsea holds a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Temple University and a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from George Washington University in Washington, DC.
(267) 214-3104 View (267) 214-3104
Photo of Shonda Christina Walters, MS, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Shonda Christina Walters
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19128  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi there, I’m Shonda. You have made a big step today for your mental health journey. You started (or re-started) to look for a therapist. I can imagine you are hoping for changes in your life. Do you feel stuck and unsure what to do next? Overwhelmed with adulting? Do you find yourself in your head with racing thoughts and worry? Having trouble getting through each day? I empathize with you, and I am here to help!
Hi there, I’m Shonda. You have made a big step today for your mental health journey. You started (or re-started) to look for a therapist. I can imagine you are hoping for changes in your life. Do you feel stuck and unsure what to do next? Overwhelmed with adulting? Do you find yourself in your head with racing thoughts and worry? Having trouble getting through each day? I empathize with you, and I am here to help!
(215) 791-8574 View (215) 791-8574
Photo of Marla DiMercurio, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marla DiMercurio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Marla DiMercurio is a licensed clinical social worker in the state of Pennsylvania. She has over 7 years of experience providing care for adults, couples, and families seeking help with processing trauma, anxiety, depression, spirituality, LGBTQI, and gender issues. Marla completed her Master of Social Work (MSW) at Rutgers University. She got her Bachelor of Psychology and Religious Studies from Virginia Commonwealth University where she studied Eastern Religion and Philosophy. She was classically trained in meditation by the gracious religious leaders at her local temple.
Marla DiMercurio is a licensed clinical social worker in the state of Pennsylvania. She has over 7 years of experience providing care for adults, couples, and families seeking help with processing trauma, anxiety, depression, spirituality, LGBTQI, and gender issues. Marla completed her Master of Social Work (MSW) at Rutgers University. She got her Bachelor of Psychology and Religious Studies from Virginia Commonwealth University where she studied Eastern Religion and Philosophy. She was classically trained in meditation by the gracious religious leaders at her local temple.
(267) 440-6039 View (267) 440-6039
Photo of Paige Thompson, LPC, PMH-C, Licensed Professional Counselor
Paige Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Have you been feeling overly self-critical, anxious, unmotivated or just not like yourself? Together, we will make sense of how you feel, what you have experienced and rebuild trust in yourself and resilience for the future. I believe we all need to feel seen and connected to others and ourselves to be truly fulfilled. As you gain a deeper understanding of yourself, you will be able to make meaningful and lasting changes in your life.
Have you been feeling overly self-critical, anxious, unmotivated or just not like yourself? Together, we will make sense of how you feel, what you have experienced and rebuild trust in yourself and resilience for the future. I believe we all need to feel seen and connected to others and ourselves to be truly fulfilled. As you gain a deeper understanding of yourself, you will be able to make meaningful and lasting changes in your life.
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Photo of Rhonda Seidman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rhonda Seidman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Are you currently struggling with life as you know it. Does your day-to-day feel overwhelming and at times really lonely? Do you want those things that matter most to you in life to feel more fulfilling? I know the idea of doing something different can be scarry and challenging but also necessary to move forward. It is my desire to help you develop ways to exchange your current stress for strength. My approach to therapy is simple. A dialogue between two people, building a trusting relationship, establishing a space for healing and growth.
Are you currently struggling with life as you know it. Does your day-to-day feel overwhelming and at times really lonely? Do you want those things that matter most to you in life to feel more fulfilling? I know the idea of doing something different can be scarry and challenging but also necessary to move forward. It is my desire to help you develop ways to exchange your current stress for strength. My approach to therapy is simple. A dialogue between two people, building a trusting relationship, establishing a space for healing and growth.
(484) 739-8305 View (484) 739-8305
Photo of Willa Mey Beckman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Willa Mey Beckman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19143
Our painful experiences and the conditions of our society often push us to disconnect from our authentic selves, relationships, communities, and the world around us. I view healing as a process of reconnection. In our work together, we will aim to make sense of your story, explore all the parts of you that make you who you are, and work through places where you feel stuck. Through this process, my hope is that you can live your life with more agency and authenticity, more skills and tools to manage the challenges, and more capacity to experience ease, connection, and the full range of human emotions.
Our painful experiences and the conditions of our society often push us to disconnect from our authentic selves, relationships, communities, and the world around us. I view healing as a process of reconnection. In our work together, we will aim to make sense of your story, explore all the parts of you that make you who you are, and work through places where you feel stuck. Through this process, my hope is that you can live your life with more agency and authenticity, more skills and tools to manage the challenges, and more capacity to experience ease, connection, and the full range of human emotions.
(215) 515-8809 View (215) 515-8809
Photo of Bally Radatti, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Bally Radatti
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I provide treatment to children, teenagers, adults and families, focusing on my clients’ strengths to help them to establish meaningful relationships and pursue fulfilling lives. Trust and collaboration set the foundation of the therapeutic process, and so it is vital for me to meet my clients where they are as we work together to individualize treatment based upon their unique qualities and experiences.
I provide treatment to children, teenagers, adults and families, focusing on my clients’ strengths to help them to establish meaningful relationships and pursue fulfilling lives. Trust and collaboration set the foundation of the therapeutic process, and so it is vital for me to meet my clients where they are as we work together to individualize treatment based upon their unique qualities and experiences.
(267) 753-6119 View (267) 753-6119
Photo of Julian Katz, MA, LPC, ICGC-II, Licensed Professional Counselor
Julian Katz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ICGC-II
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19145
One of the biggest negative impacts on the family dynamic is addiction. If you have a gambling/addiction problem, it can affect every area and facet of your life. Addiction can change your perception and beliefs, strain relationships, and interfere with your obligations and responsibilities. You may think you can stop any time you want, however, you are unable to do it. A Gambling disorder is an addiction which can be successfully treated if you have the right help. Let me help you get your life back on track.
One of the biggest negative impacts on the family dynamic is addiction. If you have a gambling/addiction problem, it can affect every area and facet of your life. Addiction can change your perception and beliefs, strain relationships, and interfere with your obligations and responsibilities. You may think you can stop any time you want, however, you are unable to do it. A Gambling disorder is an addiction which can be successfully treated if you have the right help. Let me help you get your life back on track.
(215) 515-5059 View (215) 515-5059
Photo of Brittany Charles, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Brittany Charles
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19138  (Online Only)
Pregnancy and the postpartum period can be a time of immense joy, but they can also bring unexpected challenges. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, or other emotional difficulties during this transformative time, you're not alone. I specialize in providing compassionate, care for women experiencing perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), offering a safe space to process your feelings, find relief, and thrive in motherhood. I specialize in working with women experiencing PMADs, including postpartum depression and anxiety, perinatal OCD, and birth trauma.
Pregnancy and the postpartum period can be a time of immense joy, but they can also bring unexpected challenges. If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, or other emotional difficulties during this transformative time, you're not alone. I specialize in providing compassionate, care for women experiencing perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), offering a safe space to process your feelings, find relief, and thrive in motherhood. I specialize in working with women experiencing PMADs, including postpartum depression and anxiety, perinatal OCD, and birth trauma.
(267) 310-2024 View (267) 310-2024
Photo of Hannah Lee, MSS, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Hannah Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
Imagine a space where you can express yourself in many different forms as you feel most comfortable; where you can try out new ways of being in your life and in your relationships. I strive to provide a space like this; where your thoughts, feelings and most tender parts can be revealed, nurtured, heard and seen. I enjoy the limitless diversity of brain chemistries, ethnicities, sexualities and gender expressions that exist among us. I also appreciate the diversity of life experience that each of us holds, and believe that there is wisdom and expertise within each of us to enable healing, but we don't always know how to access it.
Imagine a space where you can express yourself in many different forms as you feel most comfortable; where you can try out new ways of being in your life and in your relationships. I strive to provide a space like this; where your thoughts, feelings and most tender parts can be revealed, nurtured, heard and seen. I enjoy the limitless diversity of brain chemistries, ethnicities, sexualities and gender expressions that exist among us. I also appreciate the diversity of life experience that each of us holds, and believe that there is wisdom and expertise within each of us to enable healing, but we don't always know how to access it.
(267) 754-8020 View (267) 754-8020
Photo of Lillian Dunn, LSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Lillian Dunn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Many of my clients have tried traditional talk therapy before, but felt it didn't go deep enough or actually change anything. Others need the trustworthy, safe, and affirmative space they didn't have in childhood. My style is loving and experiential. I hold space for the emotional experimentation and learning that leads to long-term change.
Many of my clients have tried traditional talk therapy before, but felt it didn't go deep enough or actually change anything. Others need the trustworthy, safe, and affirmative space they didn't have in childhood. My style is loving and experiential. I hold space for the emotional experimentation and learning that leads to long-term change.
(267) 996-9964 View (267) 996-9964
Photo of Sarah Burnette, MS, NCC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sarah Burnette
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19128
Hi, I'm Sarah and I specialize in working with neurodivergent toddlers, children and teens. My clients face challenges with navigating social situations, regulating their emotions, and figuring out where they fit in. I help my clients by giving them a space to talk, showing acceptance, and teaching them strategies to navigate a world that often feels overwhelming. My clients learn how to identify, communicate, and use coping skills to help them regulate their emotions. I also offer parent sessions to support parents as their child navigates their therapy journey.
Hi, I'm Sarah and I specialize in working with neurodivergent toddlers, children and teens. My clients face challenges with navigating social situations, regulating their emotions, and figuring out where they fit in. I help my clients by giving them a space to talk, showing acceptance, and teaching them strategies to navigate a world that often feels overwhelming. My clients learn how to identify, communicate, and use coping skills to help them regulate their emotions. I also offer parent sessions to support parents as their child navigates their therapy journey.
(267) 376-7251 View (267) 376-7251
Photo of Zara Khan, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Zara Khan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Within my training as a therapist, I have worked with various communities: college students, first-generation college students, BIPOC folks, Asian Americans, and community mental health settings. I can speak and conduct therapy sessions in English, Urdu, and Pashto. I enjoy working collaboratively and helping individuals develop healthy coping skills and enhance their strengths in order to develop a toolkit that can be utilized outside of therapy. I use techniques such as Mindfulness, CBT, DBT, and ACT.
Within my training as a therapist, I have worked with various communities: college students, first-generation college students, BIPOC folks, Asian Americans, and community mental health settings. I can speak and conduct therapy sessions in English, Urdu, and Pashto. I enjoy working collaboratively and helping individuals develop healthy coping skills and enhance their strengths in order to develop a toolkit that can be utilized outside of therapy. I use techniques such as Mindfulness, CBT, DBT, and ACT.
(267) 680-8298 View (267) 680-8298
Photo of Ray J Salas, MHSCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ray J Salas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19118
For me one thing is certain, people matter. Throughout my professional career I have had the opportunity to see people who've wanted to improve their life do so, with help. Change occurs through a relationship and I'd like to invite you into a relationship that will offer insight and an opportunity to regain a true sense of self. Are you tired of life not making sense? Do you wonder why you engage in certain behaviors that hurt you or your loved ones? Let's explore together and get you the help you deserve.
For me one thing is certain, people matter. Throughout my professional career I have had the opportunity to see people who've wanted to improve their life do so, with help. Change occurs through a relationship and I'd like to invite you into a relationship that will offer insight and an opportunity to regain a true sense of self. Are you tired of life not making sense? Do you wonder why you engage in certain behaviors that hurt you or your loved ones? Let's explore together and get you the help you deserve.
(484) 551-5168 View (484) 551-5168
Photo of Virginia Carr, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Virginia Carr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125
Have all the years of overworking, people-pleasing, and striving for perfection suddenly caught up with you? You feel guilty when you try to rest, and then mad at yourself for not being able to "chill out" like everyone else. Anxiety keeps you in a loop of replaying, overthinking, and trouble with trusting that things are ever truly okay despite doing all the journaling, breathing and yoga that's supposed to help. With all you're holding on the inside, how are you supposed to enjoy the life you've worked so hard to build?
Have all the years of overworking, people-pleasing, and striving for perfection suddenly caught up with you? You feel guilty when you try to rest, and then mad at yourself for not being able to "chill out" like everyone else. Anxiety keeps you in a loop of replaying, overthinking, and trouble with trusting that things are ever truly okay despite doing all the journaling, breathing and yoga that's supposed to help. With all you're holding on the inside, how are you supposed to enjoy the life you've worked so hard to build?
(215) 267-5175 View (215) 267-5175
Photo of Karli Rosen, MFT, Pre-Licensed Professional
Karli Rosen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Do you find yourself exhausted by the overthinking of your decisions and interactions? Feeling unheard or misunderstood by your partner(s), family, or colleagues? Are you tired of feeling stuck? It is possible to feel at ease and connected to yourself and within your relationships. Although it may be a challenge to believe that when living in a society that often asks more of us than we are able or willing to give. I want to help you find and implement the best way for you to identify and communicate your needs, limits, and desires to live authentically as yourself within your life and relationships.
Do you find yourself exhausted by the overthinking of your decisions and interactions? Feeling unheard or misunderstood by your partner(s), family, or colleagues? Are you tired of feeling stuck? It is possible to feel at ease and connected to yourself and within your relationships. Although it may be a challenge to believe that when living in a society that often asks more of us than we are able or willing to give. I want to help you find and implement the best way for you to identify and communicate your needs, limits, and desires to live authentically as yourself within your life and relationships.
(267) 551-5816 View (267) 551-5816
Photo of Sloane Ferenchak, PsyD, MEd, MA, Psychological Associate
Sloane Ferenchak
Psychological Associate, PsyD, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19129  (Online Only)
I feel both honored and privileged to partner with individuals and couples to build their understanding of their challenges, leverage their strengths, and create personalized strategies to make meaningful changes in their lives. As a therapist with ADHD, I recognize that one of the most painful experiences that come with ADHD is feeling “in your own way” and the sense of thwarted potential that comes along with it. I also know that ADHD doesn’t just impact attention, organization, and motivation; it can affect your entire life, from your performance at work to your home life and inner world.
I feel both honored and privileged to partner with individuals and couples to build their understanding of their challenges, leverage their strengths, and create personalized strategies to make meaningful changes in their lives. As a therapist with ADHD, I recognize that one of the most painful experiences that come with ADHD is feeling “in your own way” and the sense of thwarted potential that comes along with it. I also know that ADHD doesn’t just impact attention, organization, and motivation; it can affect your entire life, from your performance at work to your home life and inner world.
(610) 989-7573 View (610) 989-7573
Photo of Amberlee Venti, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amberlee Venti
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19148  (Online Only)
I have worked in mental health/social work for over 15 years. I am a problem solver and advocate by nature. I specialize in life transitions (including but not limited to graduating, getting married, having a child, changing careers), depression, anxiety and trauma. I am a cognitive behavior therapist by training. I work with individuals to identify thoughts and behaviors that are inhibiting their lives and to restructure these thoughts to be more beneficial. The ultimate goal is to find more helpful ways of thinking so you can live with more ease and happiness.
I have worked in mental health/social work for over 15 years. I am a problem solver and advocate by nature. I specialize in life transitions (including but not limited to graduating, getting married, having a child, changing careers), depression, anxiety and trauma. I am a cognitive behavior therapist by training. I work with individuals to identify thoughts and behaviors that are inhibiting their lives and to restructure these thoughts to be more beneficial. The ultimate goal is to find more helpful ways of thinking so you can live with more ease and happiness.
(215) 515-0343 View (215) 515-0343
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$146

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
72% Self Esteem
69% Relationship Issues
68% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.