Therapists in Santa Fe, NM

Photo of Thomas McCaffrey, PsyD, MBA, Psychologist
Thomas McCaffrey
Psychologist, PsyD, MBA
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87505
If you are suffering from depression or anxiety, dysfunctional relationships, trauma, grief or a life transition, such as divorce, illness or job loss, I am here to help as these are my areas of focus. I ascribe to a bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach to therapy and believe these four elements make an important contribution to our mental well-being. To ensure healing, I will meet you where you are and we will call upon a broad array of disciplines within and outside of psychology. If you are seeking a meaningful and successful therapy experience, I offer an empathetic and caring environment which is the foundation of my work.
If you are suffering from depression or anxiety, dysfunctional relationships, trauma, grief or a life transition, such as divorce, illness or job loss, I am here to help as these are my areas of focus. I ascribe to a bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach to therapy and believe these four elements make an important contribution to our mental well-being. To ensure healing, I will meet you where you are and we will call upon a broad array of disciplines within and outside of psychology. If you are seeking a meaningful and successful therapy experience, I offer an empathetic and caring environment which is the foundation of my work.
(224) 836-4448 View (224) 836-4448
Photo of Amanda Roberts, PhD, MA, EMDR, Psychologist
Amanda Roberts
Psychologist, PhD, MA, EMDR
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87501  (Online Only)
I am committed to obtaining excellent results and my patients will attest to this. I am an EMDR clinician, consultant and trainer nationally & internationally. I am Harvard, Berkeley and Stanford educated and am a practitioner-grounded in the research and literature. My practice brings the best of EMDR, hypnosis, biofeedback and mind/body medicine and marries it with 37 yrs of deep knowledge of the healing arts. As a former dancer and performer, a staunch scientist and a student pilot, I am conversant in both the world of artistic expression and the vast domain of science.
I am committed to obtaining excellent results and my patients will attest to this. I am an EMDR clinician, consultant and trainer nationally & internationally. I am Harvard, Berkeley and Stanford educated and am a practitioner-grounded in the research and literature. My practice brings the best of EMDR, hypnosis, biofeedback and mind/body medicine and marries it with 37 yrs of deep knowledge of the healing arts. As a former dancer and performer, a staunch scientist and a student pilot, I am conversant in both the world of artistic expression and the vast domain of science.
(505) 871-3657 View (505) 871-3657
Photo of Carol Christianson, MA, LPC, NBCFH, Counselor
Carol Christianson
Counselor, MA, LPC, NBCFH
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Santa Fe, NM 87505
My focus is helping you find solutions to difficult problems and to help you reach your goals in as short a period of time as necessary. I work with you collaboratively to help you make the changes you want to make. In addition to being a solution-focused therapist, I have a client-centered approach to therapy. This means that your goals are the important goals. With your permission, I also utilize hypnotherapy processes to help you with what you want help changing. I have the utmost respect for you and your process.
My focus is helping you find solutions to difficult problems and to help you reach your goals in as short a period of time as necessary. I work with you collaboratively to help you make the changes you want to make. In addition to being a solution-focused therapist, I have a client-centered approach to therapy. This means that your goals are the important goals. With your permission, I also utilize hypnotherapy processes to help you with what you want help changing. I have the utmost respect for you and your process.
(505) 273-2906 View (505) 273-2906
Photo of Carmen Stone, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Carmen Stone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Fe, NM 87505  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I focus on adults dealing with PTSD, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, grief, life transitions, and relationship challenges, including those within the LGBTQ community. The heart of my work includes guiding individuals through childhood and adult trauma, also referred to as complex trauma. My passion lies in assisting clients in uncovering the root causes of their struggles, identifying negative thought patterns, and building healthier coping skills to promote healing and integration.
I focus on adults dealing with PTSD, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, grief, life transitions, and relationship challenges, including those within the LGBTQ community. The heart of my work includes guiding individuals through childhood and adult trauma, also referred to as complex trauma. My passion lies in assisting clients in uncovering the root causes of their struggles, identifying negative thought patterns, and building healthier coping skills to promote healing and integration.
(505) 309-4407 View (505) 309-4407
Photo of Tod Dicecco, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Tod Dicecco
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Santa Fe, NM 87505
I take a holistic approach to the transformational and healing process. I offer the opportunity to explore personal growth through the mind, body, and spirit. I use mindfulness practices to guide individuals and families through relationship challenges, grieving difficulties, and issues related to substance abuse, trauma, and other life stressors.
I take a holistic approach to the transformational and healing process. I offer the opportunity to explore personal growth through the mind, body, and spirit. I use mindfulness practices to guide individuals and families through relationship challenges, grieving difficulties, and issues related to substance abuse, trauma, and other life stressors.
(505) 225-1386 View (505) 225-1386
Susan E Bernstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87501
I see clients with a wide range of reasons for entering therapy, including partner and work relationships, parenting challenges, confusion around life focus, and a desire for deeper work using dreams and other unconscious sources from within, and more. I see adults and teen girls. My work is informed by various trainings, study and thought, applied depending on the client's needs and goals.
I see clients with a wide range of reasons for entering therapy, including partner and work relationships, parenting challenges, confusion around life focus, and a desire for deeper work using dreams and other unconscious sources from within, and more. I see adults and teen girls. My work is informed by various trainings, study and thought, applied depending on the client's needs and goals.
(505) 295-0387 View (505) 295-0387
Photo of Susanne Stockman, PhD, LPCC, Counselor
Susanne Stockman
Counselor, PhD, LPCC
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87505  (Online Only)
I have been working with adults, couples, and adolescents for over 35 years. I offer a compassionate approach to self exploration and deep transformation. I have been trained in many different modalities including cognitive behavioral work, solution focused therapy, gestalt, psychodrama, guided imagery, working through grief and loss, inner child work, dream work and depth psychology. Because of the many years I have been in practice, I am able to utilize a broad range of approaches and together we will design a therapeutic approach which will best meet your needs.
I have been working with adults, couples, and adolescents for over 35 years. I offer a compassionate approach to self exploration and deep transformation. I have been trained in many different modalities including cognitive behavioral work, solution focused therapy, gestalt, psychodrama, guided imagery, working through grief and loss, inner child work, dream work and depth psychology. Because of the many years I have been in practice, I am able to utilize a broad range of approaches and together we will design a therapeutic approach which will best meet your needs.
(505) 490-6906 View (505) 490-6906
Photo of Inessa Mil'berg, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Inessa Mil'berg
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Santa Fe, NM 87505
Not accepting new clients
If you are a couple or a family facing challenges with connection, communication, intimacy, navigating complex issues, or transitioning into new life stages, I am here to offer my support. With years of experience working with couples and families, I have had the privilege of training under some of the most renowned therapists in the country. I find great fulfillment in the challenge and ultimate satisfaction of helping individuals and families restore their relationships and rediscover joy. Whether you prefer regular weekly sessions or seek more intensive support for urgent concerns, I am committed to accompanying you on your path.
If you are a couple or a family facing challenges with connection, communication, intimacy, navigating complex issues, or transitioning into new life stages, I am here to offer my support. With years of experience working with couples and families, I have had the privilege of training under some of the most renowned therapists in the country. I find great fulfillment in the challenge and ultimate satisfaction of helping individuals and families restore their relationships and rediscover joy. Whether you prefer regular weekly sessions or seek more intensive support for urgent concerns, I am committed to accompanying you on your path.
(505) 357-1238 View (505) 357-1238
Photo of Rahima Susan Schmall, PhD, RN, Psychologist
Rahima Susan Schmall
Psychologist, PhD, RN
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87507  (Online Only)
Many of us struggle with physical illness, emotional pain or relationship problems. Sometimes life looks fine on the outside, but we hunger for something more. That feeling of emptiness can lead to depression, anxiety, addiction, physical illness or other problems that seem overwhelming. But the answers are there, because inside your heart is a wellspring of wisdom and love. By uncovering and clearing the causes of distress, our own inner light can shine through. I offer a safe and nurturing space, along with practical skills to uncover the deep inner peace, health and happiness that are buried in your heart.
Many of us struggle with physical illness, emotional pain or relationship problems. Sometimes life looks fine on the outside, but we hunger for something more. That feeling of emptiness can lead to depression, anxiety, addiction, physical illness or other problems that seem overwhelming. But the answers are there, because inside your heart is a wellspring of wisdom and love. By uncovering and clearing the causes of distress, our own inner light can shine through. I offer a safe and nurturing space, along with practical skills to uncover the deep inner peace, health and happiness that are buried in your heart.
(707) 927-1702 View (707) 927-1702
Photo of Cynthia T McCoy - Cynthia T McCoy LPC Emotional Wellness Counseling, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cynthia T McCoy LPC Emotional Wellness Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87501
My name is Cynthia Tobar-McCoy and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in New Mexico and Oklahoma. I am honored each day to walk along side individuals who choose to therapuetically journey through the path of overcoming life stressors. Stressors can come in the form of experiencing conflict in relationships with family, couples, marital and peer groups, as well as grief, trauma and suffering from posttraumatic stress. Stress can also manifest itself when working to maintain a healthy recovery plan that addresses certain medical conditions of depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.
My name is Cynthia Tobar-McCoy and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in New Mexico and Oklahoma. I am honored each day to walk along side individuals who choose to therapuetically journey through the path of overcoming life stressors. Stressors can come in the form of experiencing conflict in relationships with family, couples, marital and peer groups, as well as grief, trauma and suffering from posttraumatic stress. Stress can also manifest itself when working to maintain a healthy recovery plan that addresses certain medical conditions of depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.
(405) 335-0955 View (405) 335-0955
Photo of Valentine Mckay-Riddell - Wholebeing Wellness Counseling, PhD, MACP
Wholebeing Wellness Counseling
PhD, MACP
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87505
I am a transpersonal psychologist, expressive arts therapist, wellness counselor, shamanic teacher and healer, and Reiki Master of the Usui lineage. I have practiced and taught since 1985 in California, Oregon, and New Mexico, sharing life lessons and healing methods that saved my life long ago. I have a Master's degree in Counseling Psychology and a PhD in Transpersonal Psychology, and continue to learn new approaches to healing through my own research, as well as interaction with clients and colleagues.
I am a transpersonal psychologist, expressive arts therapist, wellness counselor, shamanic teacher and healer, and Reiki Master of the Usui lineage. I have practiced and taught since 1985 in California, Oregon, and New Mexico, sharing life lessons and healing methods that saved my life long ago. I have a Master's degree in Counseling Psychology and a PhD in Transpersonal Psychology, and continue to learn new approaches to healing through my own research, as well as interaction with clients and colleagues.
(505) 412-4963 View (505) 412-4963
Photo of Kaytea Hendricks, MA , LPCC, Counselor
Kaytea Hendricks
Counselor, MA , LPCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Santa Fe, NM 87505
Waitlist for new clients
Cultivating joy, self-worth and safety is an inherent right for all people. Navigating our life’s journey can present us with challenges. By strengthening our own agency, internal and external resources it can allow us to create a life that is thriving. My work with you is rooted in neuroscience and play. I work from a feminist, trauma informed approach. Incorporating experiential modalities to work with the body on a somatic level. The body is what holds on to the trauma/past experiences. Together we can explore your own body’s wisdom allowing for a deeper connection with self.
Cultivating joy, self-worth and safety is an inherent right for all people. Navigating our life’s journey can present us with challenges. By strengthening our own agency, internal and external resources it can allow us to create a life that is thriving. My work with you is rooted in neuroscience and play. I work from a feminist, trauma informed approach. Incorporating experiential modalities to work with the body on a somatic level. The body is what holds on to the trauma/past experiences. Together we can explore your own body’s wisdom allowing for a deeper connection with self.
(505) 557-1584 View (505) 557-1584
Photo of Nancy Haverkos, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Nancy Haverkos
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87501  (Online Only)
Have you ever wondered why it seems you always get the same results in relationship? Since there are many forms of relating, it's likely you find common threads in most of those. We live in a culture that promotes codependency and fails to support us on a path of personal empowerment. This colors not only our perception of others, but also of ourselves. Feelings of sadness, grief and anger arise, and are difficult to calm. With focus on intention, coaching toward better boundaries, and clearer communication, it's possible to find more joy and harmony in life.
Have you ever wondered why it seems you always get the same results in relationship? Since there are many forms of relating, it's likely you find common threads in most of those. We live in a culture that promotes codependency and fails to support us on a path of personal empowerment. This colors not only our perception of others, but also of ourselves. Feelings of sadness, grief and anger arise, and are difficult to calm. With focus on intention, coaching toward better boundaries, and clearer communication, it's possible to find more joy and harmony in life.
(505) 386-4168 View (505) 386-4168
Photo of Susan Carswell, PsyD, PhD, Psychologist
Susan Carswell
Psychologist, PsyD, PhD
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87501
I successfully treat individuals and couples in distress, often when life circumstances change. I help them understand and then alter the factors that interfere with their functioning. Sessions with me frequently focus on problematic relationships because so many problems stem from issues in current and past relationships. Furthermore, regardless of what causes problems, we are often empowered to address them when we have support from others. I strive to be warm, non-judgmental, and, when needed, verbally interactive, to foster the emotional safety and confidentiality that are essential for honest, productive self-examinations.
I successfully treat individuals and couples in distress, often when life circumstances change. I help them understand and then alter the factors that interfere with their functioning. Sessions with me frequently focus on problematic relationships because so many problems stem from issues in current and past relationships. Furthermore, regardless of what causes problems, we are often empowered to address them when we have support from others. I strive to be warm, non-judgmental, and, when needed, verbally interactive, to foster the emotional safety and confidentiality that are essential for honest, productive self-examinations.
(484) 802-8544 View (484) 802-8544
Photo of Janet Ferguson, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Janet Ferguson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Santa Fe, NM 87506  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
By dictionary definition, any event that has had a lasting negative effect on the self or psyche is by its very nature "traumatic." These events create extreme stress in the body and mind and memories of the event can trigger reactions, emotions, beliefs and physical sensations that existed on the day the memory was originally created. An estimated 70 percent of adults in the United States have experienced a traumatic event at least once in their lives.
By dictionary definition, any event that has had a lasting negative effect on the self or psyche is by its very nature "traumatic." These events create extreme stress in the body and mind and memories of the event can trigger reactions, emotions, beliefs and physical sensations that existed on the day the memory was originally created. An estimated 70 percent of adults in the United States have experienced a traumatic event at least once in their lives.
(720) 310-0093 View (720) 310-0093
Photo of Gail Rae Walker, LCSW, MSW, MA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gail Rae Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MA
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87505
I offer deep therapy based on attachment theory and communication skills development, depending on your needs, to engage you (and/or your partner) in a meaningful and heartfelt exploration of your life support needs. Move past limiting thoughts and behaviors and develop deeper connections. Clients have said that they appreciate my non-judgmental, yet direct approach. My response - "I am in your corner, routing for you". It takes courage but once you embark on this journey you will say, "Why didn't I do this sooner"?
I offer deep therapy based on attachment theory and communication skills development, depending on your needs, to engage you (and/or your partner) in a meaningful and heartfelt exploration of your life support needs. Move past limiting thoughts and behaviors and develop deeper connections. Clients have said that they appreciate my non-judgmental, yet direct approach. My response - "I am in your corner, routing for you". It takes courage but once you embark on this journey you will say, "Why didn't I do this sooner"?
(505) 391-1897 View (505) 391-1897
Photo of Adonata Pyaga, MS, LPCC, CCHT, CPT, Counselor
Adonata Pyaga
Counselor, MS, LPCC, CCHT, CPT
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87501  (Online Only)
My gift is to set the stage so you experience your deepest well being, free from all emotional upset. Since studying and practicing trauma resolution methods, and understanding the latest brain research, I have developed a unique psychotherapeutic modality,, The Connection Method™. It permanently resolves traumatic experiences and mood disorders. It is a system that goes beyond managing stress, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, psychosomatic illnesses etc. Instead, it transforms them at their core so you can live your full potential. I enjoy working with individuals of the most varied backgrounds, as I myself am from 4 countries.
My gift is to set the stage so you experience your deepest well being, free from all emotional upset. Since studying and practicing trauma resolution methods, and understanding the latest brain research, I have developed a unique psychotherapeutic modality,, The Connection Method™. It permanently resolves traumatic experiences and mood disorders. It is a system that goes beyond managing stress, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, psychosomatic illnesses etc. Instead, it transforms them at their core so you can live your full potential. I enjoy working with individuals of the most varied backgrounds, as I myself am from 4 countries.
(505) 393-7104 View (505) 393-7104
Photo of Stephanie Namm, LMHC, Counselor
Stephanie Namm
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87505
I am here to help facilitate the growth and healing that everyone deserves. The choice of who to see for therapy is personal and for treatment to be successful, you must feel comfortable and have trust in who you are working with. My therapeutic approach is to work with each individual and meet them where they are.
I am here to help facilitate the growth and healing that everyone deserves. The choice of who to see for therapy is personal and for treatment to be successful, you must feel comfortable and have trust in who you are working with. My therapeutic approach is to work with each individual and meet them where they are.
(505) 596-6908 View (505) 596-6908
Photo of Rae Carroll, LMHC, ATR-P, Counselor
Rae Carroll
Counselor, LMHC, ATR-P
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Fe, NM 87501  (Online Only)
I am dedicated to supporting LGBTQIA+ individuals and anyone navigating self-love, post-trauma joy, and identity empowerment. Therapy with me is a collaborative journey focused on fostering resilience, healing, and personal growth. Together, we'll explore your unique experiences and challenges, aiming to cultivate self-acceptance, authenticity, and a renewed sense of purpose. Whether you're striving to embrace your true identity, heal from past wounds, or rediscover joy and fulfillment, I provide a compassionate and affirming space where you can explore, heal, and thrive.
I am dedicated to supporting LGBTQIA+ individuals and anyone navigating self-love, post-trauma joy, and identity empowerment. Therapy with me is a collaborative journey focused on fostering resilience, healing, and personal growth. Together, we'll explore your unique experiences and challenges, aiming to cultivate self-acceptance, authenticity, and a renewed sense of purpose. Whether you're striving to embrace your true identity, heal from past wounds, or rediscover joy and fulfillment, I provide a compassionate and affirming space where you can explore, heal, and thrive.
(505) 716-4270 View (505) 716-4270
Photo of Kelly Becherer, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelly Becherer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Fe, NM 87505
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in treating individuals struggling with trauma, identity, and relationship challenges. As an LMFT I also specialize in couples and family therapy. I use a combination of traditional analytic tools, existential psychology, and narrative therapy in order to address the depth of the person, while we work on creating your new story. I also use narrative work to directly treat trauma, PTSD, and relationship issues. Together we will manifest the change you desire in yourself and improve the depth and intimacy of your relationships.
I specialize in treating individuals struggling with trauma, identity, and relationship challenges. As an LMFT I also specialize in couples and family therapy. I use a combination of traditional analytic tools, existential psychology, and narrative therapy in order to address the depth of the person, while we work on creating your new story. I also use narrative work to directly treat trauma, PTSD, and relationship issues. Together we will manifest the change you desire in yourself and improve the depth and intimacy of your relationships.
(505) 210-7972 View (505) 210-7972
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Santa Fe, NM

600+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Santa Fe, NM who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
84% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
75% Self Esteem
69% Grief
65% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

71% Presbyterian
70% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Medicaid

How Therapists in Santa Fe, NM see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Santa Fe?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.