Therapists in Branford, CT

Photo of Angela Nelthropp Beckerman, LPC, LADC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Angela Nelthropp Beckerman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LADC
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405
Available now for both office and online sessions! I am a seasoned, licensed psychotherapist of 30 years who treats different mental health, addiction, and relationship issues implementing diverse approaches. I provide unconditional acceptance in a friendly environment which allows you to make important life decisions. I offer methods that promote behavioral change (Motivational Enhancement Techniques, Cognitive Behavioral Therapies and DBT relaxation/mindfulness exercises) to reduce feelings of trauma, grief, anger, anxiety, and depression. I counsel adults of all ages and genders, as well as couples.
Available now for both office and online sessions! I am a seasoned, licensed psychotherapist of 30 years who treats different mental health, addiction, and relationship issues implementing diverse approaches. I provide unconditional acceptance in a friendly environment which allows you to make important life decisions. I offer methods that promote behavioral change (Motivational Enhancement Techniques, Cognitive Behavioral Therapies and DBT relaxation/mindfulness exercises) to reduce feelings of trauma, grief, anger, anxiety, and depression. I counsel adults of all ages and genders, as well as couples.
(860) 265-1183 View (860) 265-1183
Photo of Jessica M Pretak, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica M Pretak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405
Choosing the right therapist is a courageous step towards approaching change and growth. By listening with empathy and an open heart, a solid foundation for a brave space is established. Utilizing a trauma-informed lens; complex relationships, grief/loss, depression, anxiety, identity development, and stressful life events can be explored.
Choosing the right therapist is a courageous step towards approaching change and growth. By listening with empathy and an open heart, a solid foundation for a brave space is established. Utilizing a trauma-informed lens; complex relationships, grief/loss, depression, anxiety, identity development, and stressful life events can be explored.
(203) 793-6044 View (203) 793-6044
Photo of Debra Gottschalk, LPC, ATR-BC, CBC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Debra Gottschalk
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR-BC, CBC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Branford, CT 06405
Not accepting new clients
Has something terrible happened in your life? Maybe someone you love died or something traumatic happened and you feel alone and are struggling. Our world is forever changed. It may feel as though we don't know who we are now, or we're no longer standing on solid ground, or the world seems to just move on. My life experiences and specialized training have led to my passion for joining people on their journey due to grief or trauma; whether recent or years ago. There’s no right way to feel, there’s no timeline. I am here to listen, help you learn effective ways to cope, feel better, and live more fully.
Has something terrible happened in your life? Maybe someone you love died or something traumatic happened and you feel alone and are struggling. Our world is forever changed. It may feel as though we don't know who we are now, or we're no longer standing on solid ground, or the world seems to just move on. My life experiences and specialized training have led to my passion for joining people on their journey due to grief or trauma; whether recent or years ago. There’s no right way to feel, there’s no timeline. I am here to listen, help you learn effective ways to cope, feel better, and live more fully.
(475) 267-8756 View (475) 267-8756
Photo of Kathryn Templeton, MA, LPC, AP, C-1AYT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kathryn Templeton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, AP, C-1AYT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Branford, CT 06405  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Need Sleep? Emotions running the show ? Feeling overwhelmed or disconnected? Being able to live with greater ease and steadiness everyday is the goal that most us are looking to expereice in our lives. The ability to use traditional Western psychology with Eastern medicine, Yoga therapy and Ayurveda, create optimal outcomes for this goal. With more than 25 years working in the field of trauma threapy as a psychotherapist , I found yoga thearapy and ayurvedic mediicne especially helpful in the treatment of anxiety, depression and related issues. Combining talk therapy with yoga and ayurveda increase healing outcomes.
Need Sleep? Emotions running the show ? Feeling overwhelmed or disconnected? Being able to live with greater ease and steadiness everyday is the goal that most us are looking to expereice in our lives. The ability to use traditional Western psychology with Eastern medicine, Yoga therapy and Ayurveda, create optimal outcomes for this goal. With more than 25 years working in the field of trauma threapy as a psychotherapist , I found yoga thearapy and ayurvedic mediicne especially helpful in the treatment of anxiety, depression and related issues. Combining talk therapy with yoga and ayurveda increase healing outcomes.
(855) 294-7653 View (855) 294-7653
Photo of Lisa N Backus, PhD, Psychologist
Lisa N Backus
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405  (Online Only)
Welcome! My official trained specialities include Child and Family Work, Integrated Health Psychology, and Trauma-Sensitive Care. But my real speciality is person-centered care. You are at the center of your care. I am not here to judge or change you - I am here to help you change what is not working for you. Let's do this!
Welcome! My official trained specialities include Child and Family Work, Integrated Health Psychology, and Trauma-Sensitive Care. But my real speciality is person-centered care. You are at the center of your care. I am not here to judge or change you - I am here to help you change what is not working for you. Let's do this!
(475) 234-2791 View (475) 234-2791
Photo of Robin Klatzkie, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Robin Klatzkie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Branford, CT 06405
Individuals often seek my support when they find themselves at a crossroads or grappling with common yet daunting life challenges—such as navigating transitions, managing anxiety and depression, coping with grief, and exploring issues of identity. These experiences can hinder communication, social interactions, and overall engagement in life. It is my goal to empower you on your journey of healing and self-discovery. My approach is grounded in strengths-based principles, acknowledging the resilience and innate resources within each person. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming, and neurodivergent affirming.
Individuals often seek my support when they find themselves at a crossroads or grappling with common yet daunting life challenges—such as navigating transitions, managing anxiety and depression, coping with grief, and exploring issues of identity. These experiences can hinder communication, social interactions, and overall engagement in life. It is my goal to empower you on your journey of healing and self-discovery. My approach is grounded in strengths-based principles, acknowledging the resilience and innate resources within each person. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming, and neurodivergent affirming.
(475) 265-5804 View (475) 265-5804
Photo of undefined - City and Shore Counseling, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
City and Shore Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Branford, CT 06405
Hello! I'm Lindsay from City and Shore Counseling. We offer telehealth services to adolescents and adults in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Texas. Since each individual has unique needs, we listen and adjust the therapeutic process to provide the most productive and enjoyable experience possible. With a down-to-earth approach, we offer a wide array of services to ensure personal growth and a better quality of life, all from the comforts of your home. We believe that the most important part of therapy is the relationship between client and counselor. We pride ourselves on being a safe, inclusive, judgement free space.
Hello! I'm Lindsay from City and Shore Counseling. We offer telehealth services to adolescents and adults in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Texas. Since each individual has unique needs, we listen and adjust the therapeutic process to provide the most productive and enjoyable experience possible. With a down-to-earth approach, we offer a wide array of services to ensure personal growth and a better quality of life, all from the comforts of your home. We believe that the most important part of therapy is the relationship between client and counselor. We pride ourselves on being a safe, inclusive, judgement free space.
(857) 226-2900 View (857) 226-2900
Photo of Renee Rocklin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Renee Rocklin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405
Each person, each relationship is unique. I learn about an individual's distinct history, strengths and style of relating in order to use my 30 years of experience and knowledge to shift unwanted behavioral patterns and belief systems. This is done in a respectful and trusting relationship that enables a person or couple to move their life successfully forward in their chosen direction.
Each person, each relationship is unique. I learn about an individual's distinct history, strengths and style of relating in order to use my 30 years of experience and knowledge to shift unwanted behavioral patterns and belief systems. This is done in a respectful and trusting relationship that enables a person or couple to move their life successfully forward in their chosen direction.
(203) 819-8234 View (203) 819-8234
Photo of Elizabeth M Shea, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Elizabeth M Shea
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405
Dear client, your first step toward change occurs at the moment you reach out for help. In fact, therapy is for people who have the self awareness to realize they need a helping hand, Certainly a quality to be admired! You deserve to have a therapist who possesses the qualities of genuineness, unconditional positive regard/acceptance, and empathy. These are qualities I strive to achieve with each and every client who walks through my door. With compassion and understanding, you will receive a personalized clinical approach tailored to your unique needs. My office is a welcoming, confidential environment where you will feel comfortable and safe.
Dear client, your first step toward change occurs at the moment you reach out for help. In fact, therapy is for people who have the self awareness to realize they need a helping hand, Certainly a quality to be admired! You deserve to have a therapist who possesses the qualities of genuineness, unconditional positive regard/acceptance, and empathy. These are qualities I strive to achieve with each and every client who walks through my door. With compassion and understanding, you will receive a personalized clinical approach tailored to your unique needs. My office is a welcoming, confidential environment where you will feel comfortable and safe.
(203) 936-6286 View (203) 936-6286
Photo of Rahema Zafar, LPC-A
Rahema Zafar
Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Branford, CT 06405
People have the unending capacity to heal, cope, and change their lives even through life’s most difficult challenges. I have a passion for helping individuals cope and find peace during challenging situations. I utilize an integrative therapeutic approach that is focused on each individual’s strengths and needs. I believe in a holistic approach that considers the mind-body interaction.
People have the unending capacity to heal, cope, and change their lives even through life’s most difficult challenges. I have a passion for helping individuals cope and find peace during challenging situations. I utilize an integrative therapeutic approach that is focused on each individual’s strengths and needs. I believe in a holistic approach that considers the mind-body interaction.
(475) 447-0984 View (475) 447-0984
Photo of Benjamin Backes, LADC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Benjamin Backes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LADC, LCSW
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405
Waitlist for new clients
When an individual is abusing substances, often times it manifests itself as chaos, unpredictability, and complete confusion. As a result, not only is the individual tormented, but the suffering extends to their family and loved ones. When this happens, confusion, anger, fear, and other uncomfortable emotions frequently arise in all parties involved, as a solution to this overwhelming problem seems unfathomable. To compound this issue, the substance abuse treatment industry can be incredibly difficult to navigate. Having worked in a wide variety of substance abuse treatment settings, I can help with this process.
When an individual is abusing substances, often times it manifests itself as chaos, unpredictability, and complete confusion. As a result, not only is the individual tormented, but the suffering extends to their family and loved ones. When this happens, confusion, anger, fear, and other uncomfortable emotions frequently arise in all parties involved, as a solution to this overwhelming problem seems unfathomable. To compound this issue, the substance abuse treatment industry can be incredibly difficult to navigate. Having worked in a wide variety of substance abuse treatment settings, I can help with this process.
(475) 239-2302 View (475) 239-2302
Photo of Christy Modine, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christy Modine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Branford, CT 06405
Hello. Thank you for taking the time to view my profile.My goal is to help my clients feel comfortable and respected using a relaxed approach, combined with a little humor and years of experience. Most of my clients say they like my styIe of therapy because I am so "real". I would enjoy the opportunity to share my skills and expertise with you. I am a certified EMDR therapist and while this is not the only approach I use, it is my specialty. I also use motivation, and coaching, as well as, supportive counseling in an effort to meet all my client's needs.
Hello. Thank you for taking the time to view my profile.My goal is to help my clients feel comfortable and respected using a relaxed approach, combined with a little humor and years of experience. Most of my clients say they like my styIe of therapy because I am so "real". I would enjoy the opportunity to share my skills and expertise with you. I am a certified EMDR therapist and while this is not the only approach I use, it is my specialty. I also use motivation, and coaching, as well as, supportive counseling in an effort to meet all my client's needs.
(203) 487-5585 View (203) 487-5585
Photo of undefined - Living Well LLC, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Living Well LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405
Waitlist for new clients
In our ever changing complex world, life brings challenges and insecurities. You may be feeling overwhelmed, burdened by hardships, fears, anger, relationship difficulties or a life transition. At these times we can benefit from a confidential and supportive environment to help resolve a life challenge or cope with a personal experience. We also offer evening and Saturday appointments.
In our ever changing complex world, life brings challenges and insecurities. You may be feeling overwhelmed, burdened by hardships, fears, anger, relationship difficulties or a life transition. At these times we can benefit from a confidential and supportive environment to help resolve a life challenge or cope with a personal experience. We also offer evening and Saturday appointments.
(203) 885-1684 View (203) 885-1684
Photo of Kristy Dillon, LMSW
Kristy Dillon
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405
Are you seeking support and effective ways to manage your stress and anxiety? Become more self-aware and build confidence? The stressors of everyday life can be overwhelming, which is why it is important to have a safe and supportive space to process these challenges. By incorporating different therapeutic modalities, a sense of self can be further developed and explored.
Are you seeking support and effective ways to manage your stress and anxiety? Become more self-aware and build confidence? The stressors of everyday life can be overwhelming, which is why it is important to have a safe and supportive space to process these challenges. By incorporating different therapeutic modalities, a sense of self can be further developed and explored.
(203) 601-7730 View (203) 601-7730
Photo of Deborah Rosen, MA, EdM, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deborah Rosen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdM, LPC
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Congratulations for taking the initiative to research therapists for yourself or someone you care about. Talking or meeting with a therapist is a constructive way to work out coping strategies, improve relationships and feel more confident in your decisions. Exploring your thoughts and feelings with a professional and compassionate listener will help guide you in identifying areas of your life or behavior that are not serving you well, and in collaboration, we will find ways to manage and work through these obstacles.
Congratulations for taking the initiative to research therapists for yourself or someone you care about. Talking or meeting with a therapist is a constructive way to work out coping strategies, improve relationships and feel more confident in your decisions. Exploring your thoughts and feelings with a professional and compassionate listener will help guide you in identifying areas of your life or behavior that are not serving you well, and in collaboration, we will find ways to manage and work through these obstacles.
(475) 224-4759 View (475) 224-4759
Photo of Samantha Chasse, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Samantha Chasse
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Branford, CT 06405
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes the world feels like its caving in around you. Social media, constant photo editing and diet talk; it seems like everywhere you look you're reminded of your flaws. Your inner voice can't seem to find one positive thing happening in your life, and you want nothing more than relief from the constant stream of negativity. Therapy can help you break free from the confines of your mind. I can help to calm your inner critic and navigate the difficulties life throws your way.
Sometimes the world feels like its caving in around you. Social media, constant photo editing and diet talk; it seems like everywhere you look you're reminded of your flaws. Your inner voice can't seem to find one positive thing happening in your life, and you want nothing more than relief from the constant stream of negativity. Therapy can help you break free from the confines of your mind. I can help to calm your inner critic and navigate the difficulties life throws your way.
(475) 338-3772 View (475) 338-3772
Photo of Timothy Riera, LCSW, LADC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Timothy Riera
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LADC
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405
I am a clinician with over fourteen years of experience working with adults and young adults. My training and experience have been focused around areas of substance abuse, trauma, grief and loss, and anxiety issues. I am licensed as a clinical social worker and an alcohol and drug counselor. My therapeutic approach is trauma-informed, strength-based, and directed by the goals of the client. I am currently accepting clients in the downtown Branford office of Elm City Counseling for early evening appointments. I am able to work with clients both in-person and through video, although I find in-person to be most useful.
I am a clinician with over fourteen years of experience working with adults and young adults. My training and experience have been focused around areas of substance abuse, trauma, grief and loss, and anxiety issues. I am licensed as a clinical social worker and an alcohol and drug counselor. My therapeutic approach is trauma-informed, strength-based, and directed by the goals of the client. I am currently accepting clients in the downtown Branford office of Elm City Counseling for early evening appointments. I am able to work with clients both in-person and through video, although I find in-person to be most useful.
(475) 234-3942 View (475) 234-3942
Photo of Bethany Shingleton, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bethany Shingleton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Branford, CT 06405  (Online Only)
Hey! I'm glad you're here looking around! Starting therapy brings up a range of feelings. Sometimes it feels exciting and like you're really ready to dig in and sometimes it feels like "ugh! do I really have to do this to feel better?" Just know making the first reach is where you start, there's no right way to feel and it's REALLY courageous to consider working on, and facing whats coming up. Older teens through older adults come to me as therapy newbies, therapy frequent fliers, and everywhere in between to work on feeling unstuck, find tools for relationship issues and to understand anxiety and trauma and reconnect with self.
Hey! I'm glad you're here looking around! Starting therapy brings up a range of feelings. Sometimes it feels exciting and like you're really ready to dig in and sometimes it feels like "ugh! do I really have to do this to feel better?" Just know making the first reach is where you start, there's no right way to feel and it's REALLY courageous to consider working on, and facing whats coming up. Older teens through older adults come to me as therapy newbies, therapy frequent fliers, and everywhere in between to work on feeling unstuck, find tools for relationship issues and to understand anxiety and trauma and reconnect with self.
(475) 303-5134 View (475) 303-5134
Photo of Hannah Jurewicz, PsyD, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Hannah Jurewicz
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Branford, CT 06405
Living with anxiety, depression, or trauma is often a frustrating, isolating and draining. It causes strain in relationships, only increasing your need to withdraw. Maintaining a balance between outside appearances and inside suffering is exhausting, sometimes resulting in physical illness. No matter how hard you try, deep down you may feel lonely and maybe, scared. As with any medical condition, your condition or situation needs attention. Let's talk a what is going on and how to help relieve your suffering so you can get back to living and thriving instead of merely surviving.
Living with anxiety, depression, or trauma is often a frustrating, isolating and draining. It causes strain in relationships, only increasing your need to withdraw. Maintaining a balance between outside appearances and inside suffering is exhausting, sometimes resulting in physical illness. No matter how hard you try, deep down you may feel lonely and maybe, scared. As with any medical condition, your condition or situation needs attention. Let's talk a what is going on and how to help relieve your suffering so you can get back to living and thriving instead of merely surviving.
(475) 252-9595 View (475) 252-9595
Photo of Renee Bacon, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Renee Bacon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Branford, CT 06405
Current availability - early afternoon, weekdays •• Welcome! I specialize in providing support to individuals ages 18 and older who are facing various challenges such as anxiety, trauma, depression, and life transitions. My approach is tailored to your unique needs and goals because I understand that everyone has a different reason for coming to therapy. Together we can work towards balance, growth, and overall well-being.
Current availability - early afternoon, weekdays •• Welcome! I specialize in providing support to individuals ages 18 and older who are facing various challenges such as anxiety, trauma, depression, and life transitions. My approach is tailored to your unique needs and goals because I understand that everyone has a different reason for coming to therapy. Together we can work towards balance, growth, and overall well-being.
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Branford, CT

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Branford, CT who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
90% Depression
81% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
75% Coping Skills
68% Trauma and PTSD
66% Grief

Average years in practice

17 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

60% Husky | CT BHP
56% Anthem | Elevance
48% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Branford, CT see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

87% Female
13% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Branford?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.