Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Bradley Akin, LMFT, MA, BS, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bradley Akin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, BS
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Sometimes we feel anxious, depressed, ashamed, disappointed, or just plain numb because we think we should be better, faster, smarter, or simply not have these feelings at all. With the goal of moving forward in a more positive direction, relationship challenges, communication breakdowns, trauma history, substance use dependency, procrastination, fear, isolation, grief, positive expressions of anger, coming out, are just some of the things we work on in therapy. The solutions my clients seek are often found within, and I help them find them with insight, gentle nudging or sometimes with stronger, more direct interventions.
Sometimes we feel anxious, depressed, ashamed, disappointed, or just plain numb because we think we should be better, faster, smarter, or simply not have these feelings at all. With the goal of moving forward in a more positive direction, relationship challenges, communication breakdowns, trauma history, substance use dependency, procrastination, fear, isolation, grief, positive expressions of anger, coming out, are just some of the things we work on in therapy. The solutions my clients seek are often found within, and I help them find them with insight, gentle nudging or sometimes with stronger, more direct interventions.
(415) 818-1436 View (415) 818-1436
Photo of Erica Mainshine, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Erica Mainshine
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
I am committed to providing a safe, non-judgmental space for you where you can bring all of yourself, and explore and integrate experiences, thoughts, and feelings. I offer both goal oriented and more open-ended psychotherapy for adults, teenagers, and couples.
I am committed to providing a safe, non-judgmental space for you where you can bring all of yourself, and explore and integrate experiences, thoughts, and feelings. I offer both goal oriented and more open-ended psychotherapy for adults, teenagers, and couples.
(415) 472-9748 View (415) 472-9748
Photo of Susan E Boxer, PhD, Psychologist
Susan E Boxer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
If you've come to a crisis point in your life, it can make such a difference to talk with someone who can help you not only with your immediate concern, but with understanding what it can tell you about yourself. I have an exploratory approach -- listening for what you say but haven't yet heard and speaking up for what you allude to but haven't yet articulated. This process requires privacy, safety, curiosity, and attention.
If you've come to a crisis point in your life, it can make such a difference to talk with someone who can help you not only with your immediate concern, but with understanding what it can tell you about yourself. I have an exploratory approach -- listening for what you say but haven't yet heard and speaking up for what you allude to but haven't yet articulated. This process requires privacy, safety, curiosity, and attention.
(415) 241-9211 View (415) 241-9211
Bay Area Center for Couples
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Our therapists at the Bay Area Center for Couples Therapy can help you and your partner improve your relationship. Don't wait until it's too late. Research has found that couples wait an average of six years to seek help after their problems begin. Whether you're in the beginning of your relationship, been together a long time, have been just starting to struggle, or are on the brink of calling it quits, remember, its never too late to fix your relationship. We use effective, evidence based therapy called Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy, which has shown significant improvement in 88% of couples treated with EFT and 70-73% of couples moving from distress to recovery in an average of 20 sessions. Our work is also informed by John Gottman's research on couples.
Our therapists at the Bay Area Center for Couples Therapy can help you and your partner improve your relationship. Don't wait until it's too late. Research has found that couples wait an average of six years to seek help after their problems begin. Whether you're in the beginning of your relationship, been together a long time, have been just starting to struggle, or are on the brink of calling it quits, remember, its never too late to fix your relationship. We use effective, evidence based therapy called Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy, which has shown significant improvement in 88% of couples treated with EFT and 70-73% of couples moving from distress to recovery in an average of 20 sessions. Our work is also informed by John Gottman's research on couples.
(415) 594-4741 View (415) 594-4741
Photo of Shawna Brevik, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shawna Brevik
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Do you have trouble identifying why patterns keep repeating themselves in your life? Maybe you are someone who is longing for a deeper connection to self and the world around you. Perhaps you are a couple reading this looking for support in navigating some of human relationships most challenging conflicts, or it could be you're just looking to strengthen the relationship. Wherever your inquiry lies I am confident our work together can facilitate meaningful change.
Do you have trouble identifying why patterns keep repeating themselves in your life? Maybe you are someone who is longing for a deeper connection to self and the world around you. Perhaps you are a couple reading this looking for support in navigating some of human relationships most challenging conflicts, or it could be you're just looking to strengthen the relationship. Wherever your inquiry lies I am confident our work together can facilitate meaningful change.
(341) 766-0669 View (341) 766-0669
Photo of Ashley Thompson, LPC, LPCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
At times you feel like a fish out of water in your own life. You’ve learned to deflate yourself to avoid tension or judgment, compartmentalize to keep your emotions at bay. Your life looks great on the outside but you’re beginning to think that in creating it you’ve lost connection to who you actually are. The identity you’ve created doesn’t feel like the full you and you're at a loss for how to reorient yourself. In all of the busyness you've created in your life, you haven't found time to prioritize self-rediscovery. The days keep passing and it's getting harder to ignore the discontent you're feeling.
At times you feel like a fish out of water in your own life. You’ve learned to deflate yourself to avoid tension or judgment, compartmentalize to keep your emotions at bay. Your life looks great on the outside but you’re beginning to think that in creating it you’ve lost connection to who you actually are. The identity you’ve created doesn’t feel like the full you and you're at a loss for how to reorient yourself. In all of the busyness you've created in your life, you haven't found time to prioritize self-rediscovery. The days keep passing and it's getting harder to ignore the discontent you're feeling.
(262) 218-4582 View (262) 218-4582
Photo of Marcella Cox- Certified Eating Disorder Specialist, MS, LMFT, CEDS-S, CDWF, Marriage & Family Therapist
Marcella Cox- Certified Eating Disorder Specialist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CEDS-S, CDWF
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Tired of struggling with your body, food, exercise or with yourself? You may be growing weary of feeling like you don't measure up and your constant mental chatter about your short-comings is taking a toll on you, your family, friendships, health and well-being. You may be feeling hopeless about breaking self-destructive pattens. Don't despair - you don't have to do this alone. Working together with a Kindful Body clinician we will begin a process that can heal your relationship with food, your body and yourself so you can live your life with greater ease and joy.
Tired of struggling with your body, food, exercise or with yourself? You may be growing weary of feeling like you don't measure up and your constant mental chatter about your short-comings is taking a toll on you, your family, friendships, health and well-being. You may be feeling hopeless about breaking self-destructive pattens. Don't despair - you don't have to do this alone. Working together with a Kindful Body clinician we will begin a process that can heal your relationship with food, your body and yourself so you can live your life with greater ease and joy.
(650) 727-5401 View (650) 727-5401
Photo of undefined - Sarah K Spencer Psychotherapy Inc., LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sarah K Spencer Psychotherapy Inc.
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Not Verified Not Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
My practice focuses on working with individuals, couples, adolescents and their families from a family system perspective. I believe that all of us benefit from recognizing who we are within the construct of our larger social dynamics. I am a psychodynamic and interactive therapist, focusing on your strengths as a means to work through your challenges. I will work with you to identify your therapeutic goals, and we will explore how best to reach your desired outcomes. I am creative, empathetic and very pragmatic. Therapy is a journey, we will work hard together to make the most of your energy, finances and time.
My practice focuses on working with individuals, couples, adolescents and their families from a family system perspective. I believe that all of us benefit from recognizing who we are within the construct of our larger social dynamics. I am a psychodynamic and interactive therapist, focusing on your strengths as a means to work through your challenges. I will work with you to identify your therapeutic goals, and we will explore how best to reach your desired outcomes. I am creative, empathetic and very pragmatic. Therapy is a journey, we will work hard together to make the most of your energy, finances and time.
(415) 991-7568 View (415) 991-7568
Photo of Rachel Krellenstein, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Krellenstein
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I believe therapy can help you feel more connected to yourself and those around you. In my experience, the best predictor of success in therapy is the relationship built between the client and the therapist. I create an environment where you'll feel supported, understood and safe in our work together.
I believe therapy can help you feel more connected to yourself and those around you. In my experience, the best predictor of success in therapy is the relationship built between the client and the therapist. I create an environment where you'll feel supported, understood and safe in our work together.
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Photo of Marlene Norwood, AMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Marlene Norwood
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
I have a wide-range of specialties to provide the best care possible for my clients. My approach as a therapist is a solution-focused process. Some of my primary areas of focus are anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, depression, eating disorders, infertility, and stress.
I have a wide-range of specialties to provide the best care possible for my clients. My approach as a therapist is a solution-focused process. Some of my primary areas of focus are anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, depression, eating disorders, infertility, and stress.
(628) 877-5510 View (628) 877-5510
Photo of Aaron Trinh, PsyD, Psychologist
Aaron Trinh
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Waitlist for new clients
Change is an inevitable challenge we face, particularly when it is unexpected. Sometimes, this challenge can be difficult to cope with, and can develop into anxiety, depression, or stress-induced physiological symptoms. I enjoy helping people who are trying to adjust to change, whether it be at work or in their relationships. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I utilize a personalized approach to help you make the adjustments necessary to overcome stress and anxiety. I will work with you collaboratively to clarify your goals and find a treatment approach that will work best.
Change is an inevitable challenge we face, particularly when it is unexpected. Sometimes, this challenge can be difficult to cope with, and can develop into anxiety, depression, or stress-induced physiological symptoms. I enjoy helping people who are trying to adjust to change, whether it be at work or in their relationships. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I utilize a personalized approach to help you make the adjustments necessary to overcome stress and anxiety. I will work with you collaboratively to clarify your goals and find a treatment approach that will work best.
(628) 200-3644 View (628) 200-3644
Photo of Brian Crane, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Brian Crane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94109
I offer an organic approach of cognitive behavioral therapy that is discreet, private, and very client centered. I specialize in life transitions, whether that be a transition into adulthood, through a divorce, through depression or anxiety. Regardless of what you have heard therapy is for everyone, and something is always gained from a person working to be the best they can be. II provide a safe and confidential environment for reflection and honest feedback. I provide comprehensive psychological assessment services for general mental health, which includes significant clinical insight and a sound diagnostic impression.
I offer an organic approach of cognitive behavioral therapy that is discreet, private, and very client centered. I specialize in life transitions, whether that be a transition into adulthood, through a divorce, through depression or anxiety. Regardless of what you have heard therapy is for everyone, and something is always gained from a person working to be the best they can be. II provide a safe and confidential environment for reflection and honest feedback. I provide comprehensive psychological assessment services for general mental health, which includes significant clinical insight and a sound diagnostic impression.
(415) 942-1959 View (415) 942-1959
Photo of Will Koehler, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Will Koehler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
If any of the following ring true for you, I can help. You get stuck in the downward spiral of self doubt and criticism. You have trouble organizing your life, and are struggling to deepen relationships, feeling like an outsider much of the time. You have difficulty managing intense emotions and find yourself in conflict with loved ones. You have or suspect you have ADHD. You want to better understand yourself.
If any of the following ring true for you, I can help. You get stuck in the downward spiral of self doubt and criticism. You have trouble organizing your life, and are struggling to deepen relationships, feeling like an outsider much of the time. You have difficulty managing intense emotions and find yourself in conflict with loved ones. You have or suspect you have ADHD. You want to better understand yourself.
(415) 484-5220 View (415) 484-5220
Photo of Catalina Uribe-Kling, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Catalina Uribe-Kling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94146  (Online Only)
I can help you find a felt sense of safety and wellbeing within yourself. My goal is to help you obtain compassion for your self so that a more clear understanding of your path and options becomes available to you. This will help you to heal heart and mind and to grow towards your highest self in a loving and kind way. I have worked as a psychotherapist in several countries, I work with a multicultural lens and I am natively bilingual in English and Spanish.
I can help you find a felt sense of safety and wellbeing within yourself. My goal is to help you obtain compassion for your self so that a more clear understanding of your path and options becomes available to you. This will help you to heal heart and mind and to grow towards your highest self in a loving and kind way. I have worked as a psychotherapist in several countries, I work with a multicultural lens and I am natively bilingual in English and Spanish.
(415) 358-0068 View (415) 358-0068
Photo of Suzie Jeon, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Suzie Jeon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Mental health issues can cripple our ability to engage in relationships. We withdraw and become less present in relationships that matter to us. Our work will empower you to create a community outside of the therapy room. By healing your relationship with yourself, you will start to feel more confident about navigating mental health challenges that keep you isolated and fearful.
Mental health issues can cripple our ability to engage in relationships. We withdraw and become less present in relationships that matter to us. Our work will empower you to create a community outside of the therapy room. By healing your relationship with yourself, you will start to feel more confident about navigating mental health challenges that keep you isolated and fearful.
(415) 942-5523 View (415) 942-5523
Photo of Joseph Campi, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joseph Campi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Psychotherapy offers emotional and psychological space for change. It is an opportunity to decode what is not working and with therapeutic guidance provide clients with a scaffolding to try out new thinking and ways of feeling. I see psychotherapy as a kind of lab, where clients safely get to try new approaches out, notice what works and what is most effective. My work is about helping clients; whether a problem to be solved, a desired behavioral change, or finding meaning during a life challenging experience. I encourage individuals to contact me and explore that change. I am here to help.
Psychotherapy offers emotional and psychological space for change. It is an opportunity to decode what is not working and with therapeutic guidance provide clients with a scaffolding to try out new thinking and ways of feeling. I see psychotherapy as a kind of lab, where clients safely get to try new approaches out, notice what works and what is most effective. My work is about helping clients; whether a problem to be solved, a desired behavioral change, or finding meaning during a life challenging experience. I encourage individuals to contact me and explore that change. I am here to help.
(415) 610-7772 View (415) 610-7772
Photo of Jorge Villarroel, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jorge Villarroel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I approach therapy with warmth, compassionate curiosity, and honest reflection, focusing on the present moment. I am a supportive and open-minded therapist. I work together with individuals toward self-discovery, connecting with others from a perspective of personal awareness. I believe the therapeutic relationship has the potential to transform our lives in real and meaningful ways. Perhaps you feel stuck, or experience depression, anxiety, or pain that keeps you from living a full life and having healthy relationships, therapy can help one overcome these issues.
I approach therapy with warmth, compassionate curiosity, and honest reflection, focusing on the present moment. I am a supportive and open-minded therapist. I work together with individuals toward self-discovery, connecting with others from a perspective of personal awareness. I believe the therapeutic relationship has the potential to transform our lives in real and meaningful ways. Perhaps you feel stuck, or experience depression, anxiety, or pain that keeps you from living a full life and having healthy relationships, therapy can help one overcome these issues.
(415) 367-4135 View (415) 367-4135
Photo of Jessica Foley, PhD, ABPP-CN, Psychologist
Jessica Foley
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP-CN
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
Dr. Jessica Foley is a board certified clinical neuropsychologist/diplomat of the American Academy of Neuropsychology, and licensed clinical psychologist in the state of California with approx. 20 years of experience conducting neuropsychological evaluation across the lifespan. She has many years of experience in conducting such evaluations in the context of neurologic (e.g., TBI, epilepsy, brain tumor, MS, movement disorders, neurodegenerative), neurodevelopmental (ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Specific Learning Disability) and psychiatric factors interfering with academic, occupational, and other aspects of everyday functioning.
Dr. Jessica Foley is a board certified clinical neuropsychologist/diplomat of the American Academy of Neuropsychology, and licensed clinical psychologist in the state of California with approx. 20 years of experience conducting neuropsychological evaluation across the lifespan. She has many years of experience in conducting such evaluations in the context of neurologic (e.g., TBI, epilepsy, brain tumor, MS, movement disorders, neurodegenerative), neurodevelopmental (ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Specific Learning Disability) and psychiatric factors interfering with academic, occupational, and other aspects of everyday functioning.
(628) 212-7955 View (628) 212-7955
Photo of Kenneth Leong, PsyD, Psychological Associate
Kenneth Leong
Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
As a clinical psychologist, I specialize in working with adults facing difficult family dynamics. Whether caught in recurring patterns with parents or close others, struggling to forge your own identity, or managing the complex emotions that accompany these experiences, I understand the painful tension that arises when trying to balance familial dynamics and personal journeys. Your efforts to resolve this conflict have often resulted in exhaustion and moments of helplessness. My offer is to hold a space for you to discover both old and new parts of yourself while navigating redefined boundaries with the people around you.
As a clinical psychologist, I specialize in working with adults facing difficult family dynamics. Whether caught in recurring patterns with parents or close others, struggling to forge your own identity, or managing the complex emotions that accompany these experiences, I understand the painful tension that arises when trying to balance familial dynamics and personal journeys. Your efforts to resolve this conflict have often resulted in exhaustion and moments of helplessness. My offer is to hold a space for you to discover both old and new parts of yourself while navigating redefined boundaries with the people around you.
(415) 366-3573 View (415) 366-3573
Photo of June Lin-Arlow, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
June Lin-Arlow
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I provide contemporary psychoanalytic psychotherapy for people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, and relationship issues, especially in immigrant and cross-cultural families with a history of complex trauma. I believe that our symptoms make sense in the context of our early experiences, family histories, and systems we live in. We learn resilience and survival strategies in difficult situations that may not be sustainable for us now. Therapy has lasting results when it starts with an exploration of who you are as a whole person, not just the symptoms you are experiencing right now. ​
I provide contemporary psychoanalytic psychotherapy for people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, and relationship issues, especially in immigrant and cross-cultural families with a history of complex trauma. I believe that our symptoms make sense in the context of our early experiences, family histories, and systems we live in. We learn resilience and survival strategies in difficult situations that may not be sustainable for us now. Therapy has lasting results when it starts with an exploration of who you are as a whole person, not just the symptoms you are experiencing right now. ​
(415) 300-1842 View (415) 300-1842

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.