Therapists in Miami Beach, FL

Photo of Valerie Libutti, Pre-Licensed Professional
Valerie Libutti
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33139  (Online Only)
Hi! I am a mental health counseling intern with a passion for working with people struggling with body image issues, disordered eating, trauma, anxiety, and depression. I offer affirming care to LGBTQIA+ folks, fat folks, and I support all marginalized identities. I have an integrative approach to working with clients that is collaborative, authentic, and supportive.
Hi! I am a mental health counseling intern with a passion for working with people struggling with body image issues, disordered eating, trauma, anxiety, and depression. I offer affirming care to LGBTQIA+ folks, fat folks, and I support all marginalized identities. I have an integrative approach to working with clients that is collaborative, authentic, and supportive.
(786) 772-3283 View (786) 772-3283
Photo of Debra Bichachi, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Debra Bichachi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33141
As a practitioner, I have over 15 years of experience specializing in the treatment of adults with OCD, anxiety, and mood disorders using evidence-based I-CBT, CBT and ERP methods. I earned my master's degree in advanced clinical social work from Columbia University. My counseling style is warm and validating and aims to create a safe space to learn healthy, life-long coping skills. I received individualized training in OCD, anxiety disorders, and depression from the OCD Resource Center of Florida. I then graduated from the Behavioral Therapy Training Institute. I am a proud member of the International OCD Foundation.
As a practitioner, I have over 15 years of experience specializing in the treatment of adults with OCD, anxiety, and mood disorders using evidence-based I-CBT, CBT and ERP methods. I earned my master's degree in advanced clinical social work from Columbia University. My counseling style is warm and validating and aims to create a safe space to learn healthy, life-long coping skills. I received individualized training in OCD, anxiety disorders, and depression from the OCD Resource Center of Florida. I then graduated from the Behavioral Therapy Training Institute. I am a proud member of the International OCD Foundation.
(786) 305-4684 View (786) 305-4684
Photo of Klaudia Niemczewska, MS
Klaudia Niemczewska
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Miami Beach, FL 33140
Klaudia is a compassionate therapist who holds a Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Her passion lies in empowering clients to discover their inner strength and authenticity. Klaudia works extensively with individuals who have faced challenging experiences such as complex trauma, domestic violence, childhood trauma, sexual abuse, PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Through a collaborative and integrative approach, she assists her clients in finding their true selves, exploring their life's purpose, and embracing their self-worth.
Klaudia is a compassionate therapist who holds a Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Her passion lies in empowering clients to discover their inner strength and authenticity. Klaudia works extensively with individuals who have faced challenging experiences such as complex trauma, domestic violence, childhood trauma, sexual abuse, PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Through a collaborative and integrative approach, she assists her clients in finding their true selves, exploring their life's purpose, and embracing their self-worth.
(786) 743-6311 View (786) 743-6311
Photo of Dr. Nicholas Ruben Scheidt, MS, PsyD, AADP, NRHSP, Doctor, Psychologist
Dr. Nicholas Ruben Scheidt
Psychologist, MS, PsyD, AADP, NRHSP, Doctor
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Miami Beach, FL 33139
Are you feeling stuck, unable to move forward because of the challenges in your life? Let me help you to put the pieces back together in your life and move towards what is most meaningful for you. I've served our community for over fifteen years helping people improve their lives at my Lincoln Road office. With training and experience serving diverse populations providing therapy in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, I strive to help clients gain a better understanding of the difficulties they face and to provide them with tools they can utilize to help them make lifelong changes.
Are you feeling stuck, unable to move forward because of the challenges in your life? Let me help you to put the pieces back together in your life and move towards what is most meaningful for you. I've served our community for over fifteen years helping people improve their lives at my Lincoln Road office. With training and experience serving diverse populations providing therapy in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, I strive to help clients gain a better understanding of the difficulties they face and to provide them with tools they can utilize to help them make lifelong changes.
(786) 837-6649 View (786) 837-6649
Photo of Sean Patrick O'Connor - Sean O'Connor Psychedelic Therapy (EMDR), MA, LMHCI, Pre-Licensed Professional
Sean O'Connor Psychedelic Therapy (EMDR)
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LMHCI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Miami Beach, FL 33140  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself overcome with feelings of hopelessness or worry, struggling with meaningful connections despite your best efforts? If you are stuck in your healing journey and are curious about Psychedelic Assisted therapy, I’d love to help. Our work together will incorporate both traditional and non-traditional therapy into your use of psychedelics, helping you to feel whole again. We will help you find relief from the inner turmoil that overwhelms you by identifying unhealthy patterns, navigating difficult emotions, and guiding you toward a renewed, heightened sense of self-love and a feeling of gratitude towards life.
Do you find yourself overcome with feelings of hopelessness or worry, struggling with meaningful connections despite your best efforts? If you are stuck in your healing journey and are curious about Psychedelic Assisted therapy, I’d love to help. Our work together will incorporate both traditional and non-traditional therapy into your use of psychedelics, helping you to feel whole again. We will help you find relief from the inner turmoil that overwhelms you by identifying unhealthy patterns, navigating difficult emotions, and guiding you toward a renewed, heightened sense of self-love and a feeling of gratitude towards life.
(321) 450-3538 View (321) 450-3538
Photo of Rossana Sciolla, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rossana Sciolla
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33141  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with more than 15 years of clinical experience in mental health services. The approach I use in sessions of Telehealth psychotherapy is eclectic, including a cognitive behavioral system, solution-focused, relational approach with a strength base foundation. My areas of clinical work are young adults, adults, and elderly clients experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma-related symptoms, and struggles with life transitions including but not limited to divorce, retirement, parenting children with special needs, grief and loss, non-binary gender clients, complex medical conditions and women issues.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with more than 15 years of clinical experience in mental health services. The approach I use in sessions of Telehealth psychotherapy is eclectic, including a cognitive behavioral system, solution-focused, relational approach with a strength base foundation. My areas of clinical work are young adults, adults, and elderly clients experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma-related symptoms, and struggles with life transitions including but not limited to divorce, retirement, parenting children with special needs, grief and loss, non-binary gender clients, complex medical conditions and women issues.
(786) 882-2751 View (786) 882-2751
Photo of Erika B. Smith, LMHC, CCP, CHT, Counselor
Erika B. Smith
Counselor, LMHC, CCP, CHT
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33139
I have over 25 years of experience in the mental health field. My experience spans from working with people with acquired disabilities, to substance abuse, veterans/ first responders, and life coaching. I have a passion for helping a client use their belief system to work through challenges moving them toward their desired place.
I have over 25 years of experience in the mental health field. My experience spans from working with people with acquired disabilities, to substance abuse, veterans/ first responders, and life coaching. I have a passion for helping a client use their belief system to work through challenges moving them toward their desired place.
(305) 916-4180 View (305) 916-4180
Photo of Christine Swiersz, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Christine Swiersz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33139
Hi! My name is Christine Swiersz. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Florida. I am a warm, supportive therapist who specializes in helping adults of all ages who are experiencing anxiety, stress, or depression. My professional goal is to help others find the peace they want and need in their daily lives. I will support you by helping you to address your feelings while assisting you in gaining the tools and skills to successfully overcome feelings of anxiety or depression. I am driven to do this work daily by the joy that I experience when I assist a client to make progress toward obtaining the peace that they are seeking.
Hi! My name is Christine Swiersz. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Florida. I am a warm, supportive therapist who specializes in helping adults of all ages who are experiencing anxiety, stress, or depression. My professional goal is to help others find the peace they want and need in their daily lives. I will support you by helping you to address your feelings while assisting you in gaining the tools and skills to successfully overcome feelings of anxiety or depression. I am driven to do this work daily by the joy that I experience when I assist a client to make progress toward obtaining the peace that they are seeking.
(786) 981-8404 View (786) 981-8404
Photo of Rebecca Kalos, LMHC, Counselor
Rebecca Kalos
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33140
My name is Rebecca I have a masters in Mental Health Counseling from Nova University and license in the state of Florida. I’ve been working in the field for 4 years.
My name is Rebecca I have a masters in Mental Health Counseling from Nova University and license in the state of Florida. I’ve been working in the field for 4 years.
(786) 432-5032 View (786) 432-5032
Photo of Gail L Harris - Gail L. Harris, LCSW, MEd, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gail L. Harris, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd, LCSW
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33140
After 28 years of experience in working with individuals, couples and group members, my objective is to help others become the best they can be . I truly believe each individual has a gift of special abilities. I and two others have written a book published in 2017: Journey from Invisibility to Visibility; A Guide for Woman 60 and Beyond :available on Amazon ;
After 28 years of experience in working with individuals, couples and group members, my objective is to help others become the best they can be . I truly believe each individual has a gift of special abilities. I and two others have written a book published in 2017: Journey from Invisibility to Visibility; A Guide for Woman 60 and Beyond :available on Amazon ;
(305) 680-1290 View (305) 680-1290
Photo of Daisy Papp
Daisy Papp
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33139
You need help now? I help you independently of your financial/social background, age, ethnicity and sexual orientation. Are you looking for immediate changes, are eager to live your life free of past trauma, stress, hurt, anger, abuse, anxiety, grief, loss, jealousy, repeating patterns, bad habits, etc.? Do you want to get where you want to be in life, eliminate what's holding you back from success and living a content life? YOU are the perfect client I can successfully help. CALL or email NOW to book your individual FREE 15 minutes consultation! Ich helfe Ihnen, wenn Sie Deutsch sprechen. Magyar nyelven is ajánlok konzultaciót.
You need help now? I help you independently of your financial/social background, age, ethnicity and sexual orientation. Are you looking for immediate changes, are eager to live your life free of past trauma, stress, hurt, anger, abuse, anxiety, grief, loss, jealousy, repeating patterns, bad habits, etc.? Do you want to get where you want to be in life, eliminate what's holding you back from success and living a content life? YOU are the perfect client I can successfully help. CALL or email NOW to book your individual FREE 15 minutes consultation! Ich helfe Ihnen, wenn Sie Deutsch sprechen. Magyar nyelven is ajánlok konzultaciót.
(305) 834-4575 View (305) 834-4575
Photo of Jackie Gold - Modern Therapy Group , MS, RMHCI, Pre-Licensed Professional
Modern Therapy Group
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33139  (Online Only)
I am committed to fostering a supportive, empathetic, and collaborative environment where you feel genuinely listened to. My approach is flexible, drawing from a variety of counseling techniques such as Person-Centered, Solutions-Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Gestalt Therapy. By tailoring these methods to your individual needs, we can work on achieving your specific counseling goals. Therapy can provide invaluable insights for everyone, helping us understand our developmental stages and their impact on our perceptions, outlook, and growth.
I am committed to fostering a supportive, empathetic, and collaborative environment where you feel genuinely listened to. My approach is flexible, drawing from a variety of counseling techniques such as Person-Centered, Solutions-Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Gestalt Therapy. By tailoring these methods to your individual needs, we can work on achieving your specific counseling goals. Therapy can provide invaluable insights for everyone, helping us understand our developmental stages and their impact on our perceptions, outlook, and growth.
(786) 917-2261 View (786) 917-2261
Photo of Laura S Olivos, PsyD, Psychologist
Laura S Olivos
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miami Beach, FL 33140
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome! I pride myself in providing child & adolescent specific care that heavily emphasizes family engagement. I find more optimal outcomes in my work when parents are willing to become vulnerable and connect with their children. Too often, we become focused on what children are not doing right and on their pathology that we lose sight of the things they are good at and the things that make them precious and unique. I teach parents how to harness their children's strengths to aid them in overcoming their struggles. The heart of this work lies in connection. If a child does not feel connected and safe, they will not heal.
Welcome! I pride myself in providing child & adolescent specific care that heavily emphasizes family engagement. I find more optimal outcomes in my work when parents are willing to become vulnerable and connect with their children. Too often, we become focused on what children are not doing right and on their pathology that we lose sight of the things they are good at and the things that make them precious and unique. I teach parents how to harness their children's strengths to aid them in overcoming their struggles. The heart of this work lies in connection. If a child does not feel connected and safe, they will not heal.
(305) 792-8168 View (305) 792-8168
Photo of Melanie Ryan, LMHC, Counselor
Melanie Ryan
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33139  (Online Only)
Would you benefit from having a safe, non-judgmental space to express and process your thoughts and emotions? Many times, our past experiences impact our ability to connect to others and appreciate the current moment. It can be helpful to read the previous chapters of our lives to gain an understanding of the present and provide direction for future chapters we aspire to write.
Would you benefit from having a safe, non-judgmental space to express and process your thoughts and emotions? Many times, our past experiences impact our ability to connect to others and appreciate the current moment. It can be helpful to read the previous chapters of our lives to gain an understanding of the present and provide direction for future chapters we aspire to write.
(786) 829-7252 View (786) 829-7252
Photo of Cruz A. Rodriguez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cruz A. Rodriguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33139  (Online Only)
Hello, I’m Cruz Rodriguez a License Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I'm a bilingual clinician with specialized training in various therapeutic modalities, whom has a master degree in social work from Yeshiva University Wurzweiler School of Social Work and in Applied Behavior Analysis from ABA España. I have provided therapy to adults impacted adversely by anxiety, depression, maladaptive behaviors, severe mental illness, substance abuse, and/or family conflicts.
Hello, I’m Cruz Rodriguez a License Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I'm a bilingual clinician with specialized training in various therapeutic modalities, whom has a master degree in social work from Yeshiva University Wurzweiler School of Social Work and in Applied Behavior Analysis from ABA España. I have provided therapy to adults impacted adversely by anxiety, depression, maladaptive behaviors, severe mental illness, substance abuse, and/or family conflicts.
(786) 485-0850 View (786) 485-0850
Photo of Dr. Michelle Leve, PhD, Doctor, Psychologist
Dr. Michelle Leve
Psychologist, PhD, Doctor
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Miami Beach, FL 33139  (Online Only)
As a psychologist with over a decade of experience practicing in New York, Miami, and CT I focus on helping adults and teens to thrive following difficult life experiences. Often times, our current or past difficulties get in the way of being our best selves. My clients come to understand what behaviors and relationships are hindering them, and develop the essential skills and self-awareness needed to lead lives with more joy. I’m known for my collaborative and emotion-focused approach to help my clients.
As a psychologist with over a decade of experience practicing in New York, Miami, and CT I focus on helping adults and teens to thrive following difficult life experiences. Often times, our current or past difficulties get in the way of being our best selves. My clients come to understand what behaviors and relationships are hindering them, and develop the essential skills and self-awareness needed to lead lives with more joy. I’m known for my collaborative and emotion-focused approach to help my clients.
(786) 789-2248 View (786) 789-2248
Photo of Cary Richard Shookoff - Cary R. Shookoff, Ph.D., Psychologist, LLC, PhD, LLC, Psychologist
Cary R. Shookoff, Ph.D., Psychologist, LLC
Psychologist, PhD, LLC
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33139
With a legitimate desire to experience your emotions, reveal your thoughts, and admit the consequences of your actions, you have all you need to achieve your therapeutic goals of change and healing. Emotional containment/expression, spontaneity, intellectual clarity, and behavior change are basic to of human nature. A subtle shift in one element can have profound consequences in restoring emotional equilibrium and improving quality of life I bring keen intuition and 40 years' treatment experience to guide you.
With a legitimate desire to experience your emotions, reveal your thoughts, and admit the consequences of your actions, you have all you need to achieve your therapeutic goals of change and healing. Emotional containment/expression, spontaneity, intellectual clarity, and behavior change are basic to of human nature. A subtle shift in one element can have profound consequences in restoring emotional equilibrium and improving quality of life I bring keen intuition and 40 years' treatment experience to guide you.
(786) 244-2346 View (786) 244-2346
Photo of Amber Vanessa Jackson, MFT-I, MHC-I, Pre-Licensed Professional
Amber Vanessa Jackson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT-I, MHC-I
Verified Verified
Miami Beach, FL 33139  (Online Only)
My ideal client faces issues like anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, trauma, self-esteem challenges, and life transitions. They need a safe, non-judgmental space for open expression and empathetic guidance. Their goals are to achieve emotional stability, enhance relationships, build resilience, and gain self-awareness. They want to feel heard and understood, uncover insights, heal from past wounds, and gain clarity for the future. Driven by a need for change and growth, they are motivated to invest in their mental health to transform their lives and relationships.
My ideal client faces issues like anxiety, depression, relationship conflicts, trauma, self-esteem challenges, and life transitions. They need a safe, non-judgmental space for open expression and empathetic guidance. Their goals are to achieve emotional stability, enhance relationships, build resilience, and gain self-awareness. They want to feel heard and understood, uncover insights, heal from past wounds, and gain clarity for the future. Driven by a need for change and growth, they are motivated to invest in their mental health to transform their lives and relationships.
(786) 289-9121 View (786) 289-9121
Photo of Julie Kokesch - Dr Julie K, MA, PsyD
Dr Julie K
MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Miami Beach, FL 33139
Do you: Worry too much about your future? Fear being alone? Feel lonely more often than you'd like? Feel frustrated waiting for your turn to win? Crave security, connection, and confidence? If you nodded 'yes' to any of these, you're not alone. These feelings are common, but they don't have to be your normal. As a life coach and Doctor of Psychology, I help people transform challenges into growth opportunities. Imagine a life where worry doesn't control you, you're secure in your own company, surrounded by meaningful connections, creating your own success, with confidence as your default state.
Do you: Worry too much about your future? Fear being alone? Feel lonely more often than you'd like? Feel frustrated waiting for your turn to win? Crave security, connection, and confidence? If you nodded 'yes' to any of these, you're not alone. These feelings are common, but they don't have to be your normal. As a life coach and Doctor of Psychology, I help people transform challenges into growth opportunities. Imagine a life where worry doesn't control you, you're secure in your own company, surrounded by meaningful connections, creating your own success, with confidence as your default state.
(786) 744-3548 View (786) 744-3548
Photo of Lindsay Bira - Dr. Lindsay Bira, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Lindsay Bira
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Miami Beach, FL 33139  (Online Only)
I help you gain control over difficult issues QUICKLY to feel happier, healthier, and more fulfilled. First, we need the right understanding of the issue ... then I use research-based approaches to maximize benefit in as few sessions as possible. Many of my clients are high-functioning, working professionals who are experiencing symptoms they just can't shake - we work together to solve that and get you back to feeling good in your life. Even just 1 session of good therapy should feel very helpful.
I help you gain control over difficult issues QUICKLY to feel happier, healthier, and more fulfilled. First, we need the right understanding of the issue ... then I use research-based approaches to maximize benefit in as few sessions as possible. Many of my clients are high-functioning, working professionals who are experiencing symptoms they just can't shake - we work together to solve that and get you back to feeling good in your life. Even just 1 session of good therapy should feel very helpful.
(305) 340-0327 View (305) 340-0327
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Miami Beach, FL

400+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Miami Beach, FL who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
64% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
72% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Miami Beach, FL see their clients

52% In Person and Online
48% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Miami Beach?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.