Therapists in Silverthorne, CO

Photo of Nichole Hart, MA, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nichole Hart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Silverthorne, CO 80498  (Online Only)
Relationship Struggles? “We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them." -Einstein. How true the previous statement, and yet how often is this our approach when encountering relationship difficulties. When this happens, more and more of our attention gets pulled into “the problem.” Since our energy flows where our attention is, we lose sight of strengths we have to see the situation with new eyes. Working with someone who can help you see new perspectives allows you both to grow in unexpected ways.
Relationship Struggles? “We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them." -Einstein. How true the previous statement, and yet how often is this our approach when encountering relationship difficulties. When this happens, more and more of our attention gets pulled into “the problem.” Since our energy flows where our attention is, we lose sight of strengths we have to see the situation with new eyes. Working with someone who can help you see new perspectives allows you both to grow in unexpected ways.
(512) 942-2838 View (512) 942-2838
Photo of Laura Kriss, LPCC
Laura Kriss
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, LPCC
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80498
Hello! I am a counselor at Grit Therapy who is passionate about supporting people who are navigating through life's transitions, feeling overwhelmed by loss, or struggling with persistent worries. Perhaps you're experiencing fatigue, loss of interest, or a nagging sense that change is necessary, yet you're unsure where to begin. Are you noticing unhealthy patterns in a relationship? Or are you noticing stress and conflict are impacting the family? Wherever you find yourself, I'm here to help.
Hello! I am a counselor at Grit Therapy who is passionate about supporting people who are navigating through life's transitions, feeling overwhelmed by loss, or struggling with persistent worries. Perhaps you're experiencing fatigue, loss of interest, or a nagging sense that change is necessary, yet you're unsure where to begin. Are you noticing unhealthy patterns in a relationship? Or are you noticing stress and conflict are impacting the family? Wherever you find yourself, I'm here to help.
(970) 546-7774 View (970) 546-7774
Photo of Tasha Domashovetz, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tasha Domashovetz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80498  (Online Only)
If you need help with ADHD, Autism, Highly Sensitive Person (HSP), or neurodiversity of any kind, I can help! Being ADHD/ASD myself, I know how these topics can be very confusing and there can be a lot of misinformation out in the world about what these diagnoses are and how to help them. In addition, neurodiversity can be accompanied by many other mental health challenges such as depression, anxiety, OCD, tic disorders, really reactive emotions, melt downs, and shame. The good news is that there is a lot of really helpful information that has been well researched and you can get effective and meaningful support.
If you need help with ADHD, Autism, Highly Sensitive Person (HSP), or neurodiversity of any kind, I can help! Being ADHD/ASD myself, I know how these topics can be very confusing and there can be a lot of misinformation out in the world about what these diagnoses are and how to help them. In addition, neurodiversity can be accompanied by many other mental health challenges such as depression, anxiety, OCD, tic disorders, really reactive emotions, melt downs, and shame. The good news is that there is a lot of really helpful information that has been well researched and you can get effective and meaningful support.
(970) 847-2687 View (970) 847-2687
Photo of undefined - Grit Therapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Grit Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80498
We are a group therapy practice located in Summit county, Colorado and serve all of Colorado via in-person and telehealth services. Our therapists can help you with a range of things including: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, family and marital problems, anger, grief, depression or anxiety during pregnancy and/or postpartum, trauma, low self-esteem, LGBTQIA+ related issues, chronic worry, work/life balance and stress, loss of meaning or purpose, and religious trauma. Our licensed, clinical therapists have years of experience that can help you overcome and thrive.
We are a group therapy practice located in Summit county, Colorado and serve all of Colorado via in-person and telehealth services. Our therapists can help you with a range of things including: depression, anxiety, substance abuse, family and marital problems, anger, grief, depression or anxiety during pregnancy and/or postpartum, trauma, low self-esteem, LGBTQIA+ related issues, chronic worry, work/life balance and stress, loss of meaning or purpose, and religious trauma. Our licensed, clinical therapists have years of experience that can help you overcome and thrive.
(970) 538-9738 View (970) 538-9738
Photo of Grace Skattebo, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Grace Skattebo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80498  (Online Only)
Hello. :) I'm a therapist at Grit Therapy that works with individuals of all ages and backgrounds experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, loss, relationship issues, and stress. I specialize in working with the LGBTQ+ community and am experienced in supporting folks who are transgender in undergoing gender-affirming medical care. I truly believe healing is best encouraged within a supportive and genuine relationship, and this is my number one priority in working with my clients. My approach to therapy is person-centered and based on the unique needs of the individual I am working with.
Hello. :) I'm a therapist at Grit Therapy that works with individuals of all ages and backgrounds experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, loss, relationship issues, and stress. I specialize in working with the LGBTQ+ community and am experienced in supporting folks who are transgender in undergoing gender-affirming medical care. I truly believe healing is best encouraged within a supportive and genuine relationship, and this is my number one priority in working with my clients. My approach to therapy is person-centered and based on the unique needs of the individual I am working with.
(970) 360-4025 View (970) 360-4025
Photo of Tarah Waters, MA, LPCC
Tarah Waters
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80498  (Online Only)
Congratulations on taking the first step to learning more about yourself! The first step toward change is often the hardest yet one of the most courageous acts you can do. I work with clients to create more fulfillment, trust, joy, and deeper connections within themselves, and their relationships. I meet people where they are, listen with a non-judgmental ear, provide unconditional positive regard, and create a safe space for healing and processing.
Congratulations on taking the first step to learning more about yourself! The first step toward change is often the hardest yet one of the most courageous acts you can do. I work with clients to create more fulfillment, trust, joy, and deeper connections within themselves, and their relationships. I meet people where they are, listen with a non-judgmental ear, provide unconditional positive regard, and create a safe space for healing and processing.
(970) 251-7752 View (970) 251-7752
Photo of Jane Ambro, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jane Ambro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80498
You may have tried talk therapy in the past and now feel stuck. You may be looking for a different approach to heal difficult feelings or trauma or to re-program old stories and beliefs and move past what holds you back from the life you truly deserve. Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy is a form of therapy that can help people go deeper into their experiences and heal at a subconscious level, achieving longer-lasting change. Ketamine is a safe, legal medicine that can induce psychedelic states in a gentle way. It is a dissociative and can create a sense of safety and distance from experiences that may be avoided during talk therapy.
You may have tried talk therapy in the past and now feel stuck. You may be looking for a different approach to heal difficult feelings or trauma or to re-program old stories and beliefs and move past what holds you back from the life you truly deserve. Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy is a form of therapy that can help people go deeper into their experiences and heal at a subconscious level, achieving longer-lasting change. Ketamine is a safe, legal medicine that can induce psychedelic states in a gentle way. It is a dissociative and can create a sense of safety and distance from experiences that may be avoided during talk therapy.
(970) 293-5125 View (970) 293-5125
Photo of Jessica Nelsen, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Nelsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80498
I am available for 15 minute consultations and have a short waitlist for referrals and new prospective clients. Previous clients may contact me for immediate availability.
I am available for 15 minute consultations and have a short waitlist for referrals and new prospective clients. Previous clients may contact me for immediate availability.
(970) 410-2098 View (970) 410-2098
Photo of Mili Sarmiento Shoemaker (Latina-Bilingual), MA, LPC, RPT-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mili Sarmiento Shoemaker (Latina-Bilingual)
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, RPT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Silverthorne, CO 80498
I was born and raised in Argentina. I'm a bilingual, cross-cultural and international therapist and supervisor. My background allows me to navigate the challenges and benefits of being in one place and experience more than one culture at the same time. I have always held a profound curiosity about human psychology, relationships, child development, and the intricate tapestry of family and social dynamics. I am committed to guiding and supporting clients on the profound journey of understanding and embracing their family dynamics, recognizing their place within it, and learning how to take what they need from it to thrive in life
I was born and raised in Argentina. I'm a bilingual, cross-cultural and international therapist and supervisor. My background allows me to navigate the challenges and benefits of being in one place and experience more than one culture at the same time. I have always held a profound curiosity about human psychology, relationships, child development, and the intricate tapestry of family and social dynamics. I am committed to guiding and supporting clients on the profound journey of understanding and embracing their family dynamics, recognizing their place within it, and learning how to take what they need from it to thrive in life
(205) 953-4747 View (205) 953-4747
Photo of Melissa Ann Gledhill, LPC, RPT, MA, Licensed Professional Counselor
Melissa Ann Gledhill
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, RPT, MA
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80497
I specialize in synergetic play therapy with children, yet also see individuals and couples. I am trained in an experiential, neurobiological and attachment based approach to therapy. I believe when a client implements self care and emotional regulation, they discover much of their answers and what they are looking for within themselves. I see myself as a guide in this process.
I specialize in synergetic play therapy with children, yet also see individuals and couples. I am trained in an experiential, neurobiological and attachment based approach to therapy. I believe when a client implements self care and emotional regulation, they discover much of their answers and what they are looking for within themselves. I see myself as a guide in this process.
(970) 710-3673 View (970) 710-3673
Photo of Matthew Brenner, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Matthew Brenner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80497
As a therapist I want to help you achieve the goals that you set. To accomplish this we will work together to form a plan that can help you achieve your goals. It is my belief that having a clearly defined plan including goals and the steps to get you there will help you feel better. We will discuss your thoughts, emotions, and actions and how these effect your days. We will move at a pace that you feel comfortable with. I am a nationally certified counselor and licensed with the state of Colorado as a Psychotherapist.
As a therapist I want to help you achieve the goals that you set. To accomplish this we will work together to form a plan that can help you achieve your goals. It is my belief that having a clearly defined plan including goals and the steps to get you there will help you feel better. We will discuss your thoughts, emotions, and actions and how these effect your days. We will move at a pace that you feel comfortable with. I am a nationally certified counselor and licensed with the state of Colorado as a Psychotherapist.
(970) 279-1903 View (970) 279-1903
Photo of Jane Fineberg, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jane Fineberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Silverthorne, CO 80497
I provide services to individuals, couples, and families. I practice a relationship-based psychodynamic approach to therapy. I am certified in EMDR and trained in Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT). I also offer clinical supervision and EMDR  consultation services for practitioners. From a range of evidence-based practices, I tailor therapy sessions to the needs of individual clients, finding creative solutions to match a client's unique challenges. I have been working in the mental health field since 2002, in wilderness therapy settings, community mental health systems, hospitals, palliative care, and private practice.
I provide services to individuals, couples, and families. I practice a relationship-based psychodynamic approach to therapy. I am certified in EMDR and trained in Emotion Focused Therapy (EFT). I also offer clinical supervision and EMDR  consultation services for practitioners. From a range of evidence-based practices, I tailor therapy sessions to the needs of individual clients, finding creative solutions to match a client's unique challenges. I have been working in the mental health field since 2002, in wilderness therapy settings, community mental health systems, hospitals, palliative care, and private practice.
(970) 519-5116 View (970) 519-5116
Photo of undefined - Marzo Counseling, LLC., MA, LPC, LAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Marzo Counseling, LLC.
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LAC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Silverthorne, CO 80498
Taking New Clients. Please call for a consult so we can make sure I fit your needs! Telehealth or in person. Research shows the relationship with your therapist is the most effective therapy tool. I strive to create a compassionate, collaborative, validating environment to allow a person to explore their lives, learn and thrive.
Taking New Clients. Please call for a consult so we can make sure I fit your needs! Telehealth or in person. Research shows the relationship with your therapist is the most effective therapy tool. I strive to create a compassionate, collaborative, validating environment to allow a person to explore their lives, learn and thrive.
(970) 497-3107 View (970) 497-3107
Dr. Jeff Mahler
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80497
Not accepting new clients
Hello and thank you for considering my practice of psychology. With a main office in Evergreen and telehealth services for clients all over Colorado, I work with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. My practice uses a collaborative model of treatment. I encourage my clients to be actively involved in their treatment. You would work with me to set treatment goals and give regular feedback on the therapy process. My extensive experience with various treatment approaches, helps me to select techniques that are effective for various emotional problems. Please call or email me with any specific questions.
Hello and thank you for considering my practice of psychology. With a main office in Evergreen and telehealth services for clients all over Colorado, I work with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. My practice uses a collaborative model of treatment. I encourage my clients to be actively involved in their treatment. You would work with me to set treatment goals and give regular feedback on the therapy process. My extensive experience with various treatment approaches, helps me to select techniques that are effective for various emotional problems. Please call or email me with any specific questions.
(303) 670-4280 View (303) 670-4280
Photo of Sammy Charytoniuk, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sammy Charytoniuk
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Silverthorne, CO 80498  (Online Only)
Starting your therapeutic process is a brave endeavor and I am grateful for the opportunity to meet with you. If you struggle with self-worth, perfectionism, and people pleasing tendencies I'd love to work with you! Some of my specialty areas include: Anxiety, Depression, Self-Esteem, Trauma and Life Transitions.
Starting your therapeutic process is a brave endeavor and I am grateful for the opportunity to meet with you. If you struggle with self-worth, perfectionism, and people pleasing tendencies I'd love to work with you! Some of my specialty areas include: Anxiety, Depression, Self-Esteem, Trauma and Life Transitions.
(970) 840-2016 View (970) 840-2016
Photo of Traci Schneider Bovino, LCSW, LAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Traci Schneider Bovino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80498
You hear over and over again that time heals all wounds. It’s easier to believe that you just have to wait it out and the pain will magically evaporate into thin air. The tears feel endless & it feels like your heart will never heal. You find yourself holding back from opening up to a new relationship because of the fear of getting hurt again. Or maybe your trust issues have you constantly playing detective, interrogating your partner’s every move because the scars of betrayal run so deep, you don’t know how to trust anymore.
You hear over and over again that time heals all wounds. It’s easier to believe that you just have to wait it out and the pain will magically evaporate into thin air. The tears feel endless & it feels like your heart will never heal. You find yourself holding back from opening up to a new relationship because of the fear of getting hurt again. Or maybe your trust issues have you constantly playing detective, interrogating your partner’s every move because the scars of betrayal run so deep, you don’t know how to trust anymore.
(970) 239-8693 View (970) 239-8693
Photo of Laura Landrum, LCSW, LAC, MSW, MPH, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Laura Landrum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LAC, MSW, MPH
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Silverthorne, CO 80498
As a social worker, Laura believes that relationships are at the core of our well-being and works to make the therapeutic relationship central, characterized by empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness. Laura helps clients achieve change through gaining insight into unconscious processes, resolving unresolved conflicts, and developing healthier ways of coping with emotions and relationships. Laura works to provide a supportive environment that allows clients to explore solutions and integrate their experiences by facilitating self-exploration, self-acceptance, and personal growth.
As a social worker, Laura believes that relationships are at the core of our well-being and works to make the therapeutic relationship central, characterized by empathy, unconditional positive regard, and genuineness. Laura helps clients achieve change through gaining insight into unconscious processes, resolving unresolved conflicts, and developing healthier ways of coping with emotions and relationships. Laura works to provide a supportive environment that allows clients to explore solutions and integrate their experiences by facilitating self-exploration, self-acceptance, and personal growth.
(720) 689-5481 View (720) 689-5481
Photo of Rachel Kohl, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Kohl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Silverthorne, CO 80498
Not accepting new clients
I provide non-judgmental support and specialize in the treatment of anxiety and depression in the aftermath of stressful situations. Whether this was growing up in a dysfunctional home environment or experiencing unique traumatic events, I want to help you reach your goals. If you've ever felt like your emotions control you or that you act like a different person in different situations, I am here for you. Through using evidence-based techniques such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), I can help.
I provide non-judgmental support and specialize in the treatment of anxiety and depression in the aftermath of stressful situations. Whether this was growing up in a dysfunctional home environment or experiencing unique traumatic events, I want to help you reach your goals. If you've ever felt like your emotions control you or that you act like a different person in different situations, I am here for you. Through using evidence-based techniques such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), I can help.
(720) 295-0168 View (720) 295-0168
Photo of Courtney Russell, PsyD, BCBA, NCSP, Psychologist
Courtney Russell
Psychologist, PsyD, BCBA, NCSP
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80497
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Russell supports individuals of all ages and specializes in working with children, adolescents, and the caregivers who love and support them. She works with individuals experiencing a variety of concerns. She had expertise in supporting neurodivergent individuals (e.g., Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD); individuals with difficulties related to impulse control, anger management, and conduct disorders; and individuals who are a part of the LGBTQIA2S+ community.
Dr. Russell supports individuals of all ages and specializes in working with children, adolescents, and the caregivers who love and support them. She works with individuals experiencing a variety of concerns. She had expertise in supporting neurodivergent individuals (e.g., Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD); individuals with difficulties related to impulse control, anger management, and conduct disorders; and individuals who are a part of the LGBTQIA2S+ community.
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Photo of undefined - Therese White - Therapeutic Services,LLC, MSW, LCSW, MAEL, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Therese White - Therapeutic Services,LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, MAEL
Verified Verified
Silverthorne, CO 80498
My approach is strengths-based using many different therapeutic interventions to assist in the client’s journey of growth. I find client’s strengths and difficulties help guide therapy. Are you feeling stuck and hopeless and needing therapeutic support? I assist clients in fully integrating traumatic experiences from their life and moving from a victim mentality to survivor mentality. This process is truly healing for the client. For more information visit my website: theresewhitelcsw.com/
My approach is strengths-based using many different therapeutic interventions to assist in the client’s journey of growth. I find client’s strengths and difficulties help guide therapy. Are you feeling stuck and hopeless and needing therapeutic support? I assist clients in fully integrating traumatic experiences from their life and moving from a victim mentality to survivor mentality. This process is truly healing for the client. For more information visit my website: theresewhitelcsw.com/
(970) 636-1971 View (970) 636-1971

See more therapy options for Silverthorne

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Silverthorne, CO

20+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Silverthorne, CO who prioritize treating:

100% Anxiety
90% Relationship Issues
90% Depression
90% Self Esteem
80% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
65% Parenting

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Other
50% Aetna
42% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Silverthorne, CO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Silverthorne?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.