Therapists in Pine, CO

Photo of Kevin Michael Dougherty, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kevin Michael Dougherty
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pine, CO 80470
I feel that family connection and communication is the foundation for healthy futures for both adults and adolescents. As a seasoned LCSW in the Denver metro area I have extensive experience in working with youth and families in getting through these challenging experiences and moving towards healthier communication, relationships and futures. I offer in-home family and individual work that addresses issues related to juvenile justice involvement, patterns of oppositional behaviors, school issues, unhealthy relationships and other presenting mental health issues. Family therapy addresses family relationships, parenting skills, communication challenges, and understanding healthy rules, roles and responsibilities.
I feel that family connection and communication is the foundation for healthy futures for both adults and adolescents. As a seasoned LCSW in the Denver metro area I have extensive experience in working with youth and families in getting through these challenging experiences and moving towards healthier communication, relationships and futures. I offer in-home family and individual work that addresses issues related to juvenile justice involvement, patterns of oppositional behaviors, school issues, unhealthy relationships and other presenting mental health issues. Family therapy addresses family relationships, parenting skills, communication challenges, and understanding healthy rules, roles and responsibilities.
(720) 924-4078 View (720) 924-4078
Photo of Lauren Ferguson, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lauren Ferguson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Pine, CO 80470
I've always wanted to help children and families thrive. This passion is what drove me to become a therapist and it's what guides my commitment to delivering a positive therapy experience to each family I see. More than anything, I believe that families have unique strengths that will guide them through life's challenging times. I believe in the process of therapy - play therapy and EMDR in particular - as tools to cultivate resiliency, attachment, and problem-solving skills for children and their families.
I've always wanted to help children and families thrive. This passion is what drove me to become a therapist and it's what guides my commitment to delivering a positive therapy experience to each family I see. More than anything, I believe that families have unique strengths that will guide them through life's challenging times. I believe in the process of therapy - play therapy and EMDR in particular - as tools to cultivate resiliency, attachment, and problem-solving skills for children and their families.
(720) 903-2313 View (720) 903-2313
Photo of Joan Q Palan, LCSW, LMFT, CACIII, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joan Q Palan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, CACIII
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pine, CO 80470  (Online Only)
I believe that every individual, couple and family has its own unique strengths that are sometimes hard to remember when feeling overwhelmed and alone. I understand what a big step it can be to decide on a therapist, therefore, I offer an initial 30 minute session at no charge as an opportunity for us to decide if we are a good fit or to provide you with additional resources to access. I enjoy working with families, couples and adolescents and use a strengths-based approach in my practice. I'm really looking forward to working within the Conifer community
I believe that every individual, couple and family has its own unique strengths that are sometimes hard to remember when feeling overwhelmed and alone. I understand what a big step it can be to decide on a therapist, therefore, I offer an initial 30 minute session at no charge as an opportunity for us to decide if we are a good fit or to provide you with additional resources to access. I enjoy working with families, couples and adolescents and use a strengths-based approach in my practice. I'm really looking forward to working within the Conifer community
(720) 288-0927 View (720) 288-0927
Photo of Kate Pickett, MEd, Psychologist
Kate Pickett
Psychologist, MEd
Verified Verified
Pine, CO 80470
I am a licensed psychologist in Pennsylvania. I provide individual and relationship counseling through both in person and video sessions. My intention is to provide a warm and accepting atmosphere that allows the people I engage to explore solutions to challenges they face. My experience has taught me to respect the strengths of my clients. I believe in implementing a collaborative process. I have experience as a guidance counselor, college psychology instructor and a board member of the Philadelphia Center for EFT. I completed EMDR training in 2020.
I am a licensed psychologist in Pennsylvania. I provide individual and relationship counseling through both in person and video sessions. My intention is to provide a warm and accepting atmosphere that allows the people I engage to explore solutions to challenges they face. My experience has taught me to respect the strengths of my clients. I believe in implementing a collaborative process. I have experience as a guidance counselor, college psychology instructor and a board member of the Philadelphia Center for EFT. I completed EMDR training in 2020.
(215) 660-3934 View (215) 660-3934
Photo of Megan Michelle Stevens, MS, MA, LPCC
Megan Michelle Stevens
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MS, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pine, CO 80470
The world of work can be hard, especially for leaders and managers! After working as a HR leader, and helping organizations with change and leadership development, I left the corporate world to support people with challenges that are impacting them in their world of work. The difficult thing is that sometimes "work" challenges are really "us" challenges. Participating in healing and growth (which is what makes us human), can be difficult in what can feel like a quick and callous world. Sometimes work is our safe space, or "the only normal part of my life" and I'm here for that too!
The world of work can be hard, especially for leaders and managers! After working as a HR leader, and helping organizations with change and leadership development, I left the corporate world to support people with challenges that are impacting them in their world of work. The difficult thing is that sometimes "work" challenges are really "us" challenges. Participating in healing and growth (which is what makes us human), can be difficult in what can feel like a quick and callous world. Sometimes work is our safe space, or "the only normal part of my life" and I'm here for that too!
(720) 502-1176 View (720) 502-1176
Photo of Jinger Hayes, LPC, CCADP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jinger Hayes
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCADP
Verified Verified
Pine, CO 80470
My clients are often struggling with issues of personal confidence and significance, hungry for change in intimate or familial relationships. Many are feeling unsuccessful as parents or partners, trapped in cycles of conflict. Whatever the struggle, there IS a new way forward for all who equip themselves for the journey.
My clients are often struggling with issues of personal confidence and significance, hungry for change in intimate or familial relationships. Many are feeling unsuccessful as parents or partners, trapped in cycles of conflict. Whatever the struggle, there IS a new way forward for all who equip themselves for the journey.
(720) 386-4139 View (720) 386-4139
Photo of Jenny Madison, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jenny Madison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pine, CO 80470
My approach to managing the difficulties in life is to look at how to be more present when our brains maybe reacting to the past events of our lives or worried about what is next.If you are having difficulty in managing stress, are ready to refocus, and want a safe place to sort out all of your thoughts and feelings, please reach out and we will set up an appointment to start on that journey of wellness.
My approach to managing the difficulties in life is to look at how to be more present when our brains maybe reacting to the past events of our lives or worried about what is next.If you are having difficulty in managing stress, are ready to refocus, and want a safe place to sort out all of your thoughts and feelings, please reach out and we will set up an appointment to start on that journey of wellness.
(720) 730-8914 View (720) 730-8914
Photo of Michelle Christensen, LSW
Michelle Christensen
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Verified Verified
Pine, CO 80470  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My ideal client is an adolescent or adult eager to embark on a journey toward healing, discovery, and growth. This client may be experiencing depression, anxiety, relational conflict, or have a history of trauma. Whether navigating the aftermath of a traumatic experience or seeking to build healthier relationships, this client will want to rediscover their sense of self, build safe, meaningful relationships, acquire new skills, and grow in self-awareness, healing, and fulfillment.
My ideal client is an adolescent or adult eager to embark on a journey toward healing, discovery, and growth. This client may be experiencing depression, anxiety, relational conflict, or have a history of trauma. Whether navigating the aftermath of a traumatic experience or seeking to build healthier relationships, this client will want to rediscover their sense of self, build safe, meaningful relationships, acquire new skills, and grow in self-awareness, healing, and fulfillment.
(720) 549-8615 View (720) 549-8615

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Miranda L Tucker, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Miranda L Tucker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Conifer, CO 80433
I believe that we all struggle from time to time and that none of us, despite appearances, have it all together. I use empathy, respect and compassion to partner with you in your journey towards achieving your wellness goals. Using a strength-based approach, we will work collaboratively to identify your strengths and skills that can be utilized to effectively manage daily stressors as well as larger issues and struggles. Brief episodes of care, longer term, deeper introspective work - all are welcome! I believe you can unlock your own potential and source of resiliency. Email me miranda at mirandatucker.com or 720-924-1048
I believe that we all struggle from time to time and that none of us, despite appearances, have it all together. I use empathy, respect and compassion to partner with you in your journey towards achieving your wellness goals. Using a strength-based approach, we will work collaboratively to identify your strengths and skills that can be utilized to effectively manage daily stressors as well as larger issues and struggles. Brief episodes of care, longer term, deeper introspective work - all are welcome! I believe you can unlock your own potential and source of resiliency. Email me miranda at mirandatucker.com or 720-924-1048
(720) 924-1048 View (720) 924-1048
Photo of Dusty Powell, LPC, CAS, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dusty Powell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CAS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bailey, CO 80421
It's time to think about yourself differently. I'm not exactly the touchy feely kind of therapist and won't ask "how does that make you feel" every 5 minutes. I help you get significant, lasting change, not just to feel good talking. I work with individual, couples and families. It's your thoughts and beliefs that cause your problems. If you want change in marriage, trauma, anxiety, depression, anger or even drug/alcohol use, we have to change the way you think about yourself, both individually and within your relationships. When we fix that, everything else falls in line.
It's time to think about yourself differently. I'm not exactly the touchy feely kind of therapist and won't ask "how does that make you feel" every 5 minutes. I help you get significant, lasting change, not just to feel good talking. I work with individual, couples and families. It's your thoughts and beliefs that cause your problems. If you want change in marriage, trauma, anxiety, depression, anger or even drug/alcohol use, we have to change the way you think about yourself, both individually and within your relationships. When we fix that, everything else falls in line.
(303) 578-3831 View (303) 578-3831
Photo of Sofia Huston, LPCC , SSP
Sofia Huston
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, LPCC , SSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Conifer, CO 80433
As a graduate from the University of Colorado, Denver, I am proud to hold both my Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate license (LPCC) as well as my Special Service Provider (SSP) license. The theoretical orientations I incorporate into my practice include CBT, DBT, narrative, solutions focused, and motivational interviewing. Additionally, I believe a trauma informed and strength based lens is imperative in working with clients from all backgrounds. I enjoy working with adolescents, individuals, and couples.
As a graduate from the University of Colorado, Denver, I am proud to hold both my Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate license (LPCC) as well as my Special Service Provider (SSP) license. The theoretical orientations I incorporate into my practice include CBT, DBT, narrative, solutions focused, and motivational interviewing. Additionally, I believe a trauma informed and strength based lens is imperative in working with clients from all backgrounds. I enjoy working with adolescents, individuals, and couples.
(720) 379-2426 View (720) 379-2426
Photo of Brandy L Burch, PsyD, Psychologist
Brandy L Burch
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Conifer, CO 80433
Life and motherhood are not without their challenges, even in the best of circumstances. I see you. And I get you. This is why my practice specializes in working with women's issues and motherhood. There is an enormous amount of change that happens at our core when we become mothers. It is seldom in our culture today to observe rites of passages and to acknowledge and celebrate this pivotal transformation to motherhood. I want to honor that and you.
Life and motherhood are not without their challenges, even in the best of circumstances. I see you. And I get you. This is why my practice specializes in working with women's issues and motherhood. There is an enormous amount of change that happens at our core when we become mothers. It is seldom in our culture today to observe rites of passages and to acknowledge and celebrate this pivotal transformation to motherhood. I want to honor that and you.
(720) 743-3992 View (720) 743-3992
Photo of Amanda Knoll, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda Knoll
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Conifer, CO 80433
When you compare how you feel in your life right now to how you’re hoping to feel in the future- what comes up? That gap between where you’re at in this moment and where you’d like to be is the space for transformative therapy. I work primarily with women who are in the midst of life change- be it career or relationship transition, deciding to become a parent, or managing life postpartum. I love working with clients who are hoping for a more authentic, joyful future and are looking for ways to get there. If you're imagining a life with more confidence, self-compassion, joy, and motivation then I would love to help you on that path.
When you compare how you feel in your life right now to how you’re hoping to feel in the future- what comes up? That gap between where you’re at in this moment and where you’d like to be is the space for transformative therapy. I work primarily with women who are in the midst of life change- be it career or relationship transition, deciding to become a parent, or managing life postpartum. I love working with clients who are hoping for a more authentic, joyful future and are looking for ways to get there. If you're imagining a life with more confidence, self-compassion, joy, and motivation then I would love to help you on that path.
(720) 778-2106 View (720) 778-2106
Photo of Colorado Neurofitness: Meg Hodges, PsyD, Psychologist
Colorado Neurofitness: Meg Hodges
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Evergreen, CO 80439
I have worked in the field of psychology since 1993. I received master’s degrees in counseling psychology and sport psychology and have a doctorate in clinical psychology. I specialize in child and adult neuropsychological testing and treatment for challenges such as autism, learning disabilities, ADHD, memory function, head injury, chronic pain, cancer, post-traumatic growth and social and emotional function. I also am a practicing sport psychologist working with athletes, performers, and business organizations toward optimal performance. My services include testing, neurofeedback, biofeedback, integrative health and therapy.
I have worked in the field of psychology since 1993. I received master’s degrees in counseling psychology and sport psychology and have a doctorate in clinical psychology. I specialize in child and adult neuropsychological testing and treatment for challenges such as autism, learning disabilities, ADHD, memory function, head injury, chronic pain, cancer, post-traumatic growth and social and emotional function. I also am a practicing sport psychologist working with athletes, performers, and business organizations toward optimal performance. My services include testing, neurofeedback, biofeedback, integrative health and therapy.
(720) 727-6407 View (720) 727-6407
Photo of Tara Saya Livingston - Conifer Counseling and Therapy Services, Inc , Licensed Professional Counselor
Conifer Counseling and Therapy Services, Inc
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Conifer, CO 80433
Conifer Counseling has 10 clinicians, each with their own modalities and styles. We specialize in helping people become more effective within themselves, their families, and the community. We support individuals in their desire to heal and improve their quality of life. We aim to help make healing as relatable and accessible as possible. We provide individual, group, parenting, couples and family counseling in the foothills of Colorado. We have office locations in Conifer, Bailey and Fairplay.
Conifer Counseling has 10 clinicians, each with their own modalities and styles. We specialize in helping people become more effective within themselves, their families, and the community. We support individuals in their desire to heal and improve their quality of life. We aim to help make healing as relatable and accessible as possible. We provide individual, group, parenting, couples and family counseling in the foothills of Colorado. We have office locations in Conifer, Bailey and Fairplay.
(720) 722-0122 View (720) 722-0122
Photo of Elizabeth Brothers, MT, MA, LPC, Counselor
Elizabeth Brothers
Counselor, MT, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Conifer, CO 80433
Everyone's journey in life is filled with challenges that often help us to understand more fully who we are. Sometimes it is helpful to have another perspective, a guide, or tools to navigate these difficult stretches of the journey. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families in counseling for the past 20 years and was an educator prior. I work with a wide variety of clients, but have extensive experience working with anxiety, depression, divorce, parenting, life transitions, personal discovery, and spiritual issues.
Everyone's journey in life is filled with challenges that often help us to understand more fully who we are. Sometimes it is helpful to have another perspective, a guide, or tools to navigate these difficult stretches of the journey. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families in counseling for the past 20 years and was an educator prior. I work with a wide variety of clients, but have extensive experience working with anxiety, depression, divorce, parenting, life transitions, personal discovery, and spiritual issues.
(970) 658-2834 View (970) 658-2834
Photo of Rich Audsley, PhD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rich Audsley
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Conifer, CO 80433
Hello my name is Rich Audsley, I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, and I specialize in working with couples and families. The family is a system, much like the human body. Just as the entire body suffers when one of its parts fails to work in harmony with the rest of the body, the entire family is distressed when one of its members is lost or is "out of sync." Families and couples sometimes need help understanding how their particular system is working or not working.
Hello my name is Rich Audsley, I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, and I specialize in working with couples and families. The family is a system, much like the human body. Just as the entire body suffers when one of its parts fails to work in harmony with the rest of the body, the entire family is distressed when one of its members is lost or is "out of sync." Families and couples sometimes need help understanding how their particular system is working or not working.
(720) 410-5435 View (720) 410-5435
Photo of Harriet Ivker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Harriet Ivker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Conifer, CO 80433
Feeling stuck in your personal life or in a relationship? Do you want to thrive not just survive, moving past depression and anxiety to optimism and vitality? Are you interested in creating a committed relationship based on mutual respect? Do you want to live more fully and authentically with meaning and purpose? Practicing 25 years, I've helped clients attain their goals through a supportive and interactive style, focusing on their strengths. Clients learn skills to resolve depression, anxiety and conflicted relationships. I often hear the comment, "I wish I had done this years ago."
Feeling stuck in your personal life or in a relationship? Do you want to thrive not just survive, moving past depression and anxiety to optimism and vitality? Are you interested in creating a committed relationship based on mutual respect? Do you want to live more fully and authentically with meaning and purpose? Practicing 25 years, I've helped clients attain their goals through a supportive and interactive style, focusing on their strengths. Clients learn skills to resolve depression, anxiety and conflicted relationships. I often hear the comment, "I wish I had done this years ago."
(303) 720-7891 View (303) 720-7891
Photo of Cindy Campbell, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Cindy Campbell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Conifer, CO 80433
Waitlist for new clients
It takes strength and vulnerability to do therapy. Sometimes the bravest thing is just showing up. I am a teacher at heart and will take advantage of a teaching moment. I believe you can learn about self and what keeps you stuck, what maintaining factors influence you and the lens you see your world through. I believe in being authentic and curious while exploring possibilities vs labeling and judging. Knowing who we are authentically is powerful. Sometimes the authentic self gets lost, but it is there at your core. "Knowing oneself comes from attending with compassionate curiosity to what is happening within" Gabor Maté.
It takes strength and vulnerability to do therapy. Sometimes the bravest thing is just showing up. I am a teacher at heart and will take advantage of a teaching moment. I believe you can learn about self and what keeps you stuck, what maintaining factors influence you and the lens you see your world through. I believe in being authentic and curious while exploring possibilities vs labeling and judging. Knowing who we are authentically is powerful. Sometimes the authentic self gets lost, but it is there at your core. "Knowing oneself comes from attending with compassionate curiosity to what is happening within" Gabor Maté.
(720) 897-3248 View (720) 897-3248
Photo of Jenna Bogan - Clear Path Counseling LLC, MA, LPC, LAC, MAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Clear Path Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LAC, MAC
Verified Verified
Conifer, CO 80433
Waitlist for new clients
Over the years, I have had the opportunity to work with individuals of incredibly diverse backgrounds and concerns. Whether your goal is to increase energy, get sober, learn positive coping skills, or maintain/create a good relationship with others, we can work together to make it happen.
Over the years, I have had the opportunity to work with individuals of incredibly diverse backgrounds and concerns. Whether your goal is to increase energy, get sober, learn positive coping skills, or maintain/create a good relationship with others, we can work together to make it happen.
(720) 868-9406 View (720) 868-9406

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pine, CO

< 10

Therapists in Pine, CO who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
88% Trauma and PTSD
88% Family Conflict
75% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
75% Stress

Average years in practice

21 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

67% Medicaid
50% Aetna
33% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Pine, CO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pine?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.