Infertility Therapists in Fort Collins, CO

Photo of Allison Nice, MA, LPC, LAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Allison Nice
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80525
I am also passionate about working with people faced with infertility challenges, miscarriage, and perinatal loss.
Hi there! Thanks for visiting my profile. Through traditional talk therapy or EMDR, I will work with you to resolve trauma, anxiety, depression, addiction, or other mental health concerns. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Addiction Counselor, EMDR practitioner, and former yoga teacher, I integrate mindfulness, meditation, and breathwork, as avenues for well-being. I'm here to support you on your journey toward holistic healing and self-discovery, using the modality that best suits your needs.
I am also passionate about working with people faced with infertility challenges, miscarriage, and perinatal loss.
Hi there! Thanks for visiting my profile. Through traditional talk therapy or EMDR, I will work with you to resolve trauma, anxiety, depression, addiction, or other mental health concerns. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Addiction Counselor, EMDR practitioner, and former yoga teacher, I integrate mindfulness, meditation, and breathwork, as avenues for well-being. I'm here to support you on your journey toward holistic healing and self-discovery, using the modality that best suits your needs.
(970) 500-1296 View (970) 500-1296
Photo of Julie Dominicak, MA, LPCC, Counselor
Julie Dominicak
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80521
I specialize in counseling for infertility, IVF, postpartum depression/anxiety, parenting and couples.
Specializing in Couples, Infertility, IUI/IVF, Pregnancy, Postpartum Depression/Anxiety and Parenting. Hi! I’m Julie and I’m a therapist practicing virtually from a tiny office in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. I work with clients across Colorado who are dealing with anxiety, depression and stress related to infertility, pregnancy, postpartum and parenthood to help them explore their emotions and learn effective coping skills. I also help couples and parents who want to communicate better and learn to resolve conflict in a healthier way. I utilize an empathetic, strengths- based approach to therapy. Www.bluedoormountaintherapy.com
I specialize in counseling for infertility, IVF, postpartum depression/anxiety, parenting and couples.
Specializing in Couples, Infertility, IUI/IVF, Pregnancy, Postpartum Depression/Anxiety and Parenting. Hi! I’m Julie and I’m a therapist practicing virtually from a tiny office in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. I work with clients across Colorado who are dealing with anxiety, depression and stress related to infertility, pregnancy, postpartum and parenthood to help them explore their emotions and learn effective coping skills. I also help couples and parents who want to communicate better and learn to resolve conflict in a healthier way. I utilize an empathetic, strengths- based approach to therapy. Www.bluedoormountaintherapy.com
(970) 888-6912 View (970) 888-6912
Photo of Whitney Frost - The Rylie Center for Hope and Healing, PLLC, LPC, LCSW, Licensed Professional Counselor
The Rylie Center for Hope and Healing, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80528
The Rylie Center is an inclusive collective of independent providers that provide an inter-disciplinary, holistic approach to provide support, hope, and healing to those who identify as mothers, individuals trying to conceive, and families during their journey through pregnancy, abortion, postpartum, infertility, and pregnancy loss. We provide a collaborative approach to healing for families. We are here to support your family in thriving & achieving the healthiest versions of yourself. visit us at theryliecenter.com
The Rylie Center is an inclusive collective of independent providers that provide an inter-disciplinary, holistic approach to provide support, hope, and healing to those who identify as mothers, individuals trying to conceive, and families during their journey through pregnancy, abortion, postpartum, infertility, and pregnancy loss. We provide a collaborative approach to healing for families. We are here to support your family in thriving & achieving the healthiest versions of yourself. visit us at theryliecenter.com
(720) 897-1948 View (720) 897-1948
Photo of Amanda Hofbauer, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Amanda Hofbauer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80525
My approach is warm and direct, and I am informed by training in attachment, developmental trauma, grief and loss, emotional agility, embodiment, infertility, cultural influences, privilege and oppression, and relationships/systems.
In my opinion, every pregnant/postpartum person should have a therapist by their side! I have advanced training in perinatal mental health and am here to help birthing people, partners, and couples as they transition to parenthood. We expect to feel joyful, but are often unprepared for the difficulties & vulnerabilities that come with this time - confusion, loneliness and isolation, fear and anxiety, difficult decisions, grief over the way our lives have changed, old wounds popping up unexpectedly, changes to our identity - it's a lot! And then there are times when unexpected complications and heartbreaking losses change everything.
My approach is warm and direct, and I am informed by training in attachment, developmental trauma, grief and loss, emotional agility, embodiment, infertility, cultural influences, privilege and oppression, and relationships/systems.
In my opinion, every pregnant/postpartum person should have a therapist by their side! I have advanced training in perinatal mental health and am here to help birthing people, partners, and couples as they transition to parenthood. We expect to feel joyful, but are often unprepared for the difficulties & vulnerabilities that come with this time - confusion, loneliness and isolation, fear and anxiety, difficult decisions, grief over the way our lives have changed, old wounds popping up unexpectedly, changes to our identity - it's a lot! And then there are times when unexpected complications and heartbreaking losses change everything.
(970) 463-7805 View (970) 463-7805
Photo of Kathryn Price Foster, MDiv, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kathryn Price Foster
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524
Waitlist for new clients
I have significant experience working with child abuse and neglect, family of origin issues, self-esteem, infertility, and graduate and college student life transitions.
Choosing a psychotherapist that fits your emotional needs and personal goals is an important decision. I am passionate to assist clients in their journey toward wholeness by utilizing evidence-based techniques including EMDR, IFS, Attachment and Family Systems. I have over 25 years of experience working with families, couples, parents, children, and individuals from diverse backgrounds. Areas of specialty include adoption and foster care, attachment and bonding, parenting, family and developmental transition issues, depression, anxiety, traumatic stress, and issues of faith and spirituality.
I have significant experience working with child abuse and neglect, family of origin issues, self-esteem, infertility, and graduate and college student life transitions.
Choosing a psychotherapist that fits your emotional needs and personal goals is an important decision. I am passionate to assist clients in their journey toward wholeness by utilizing evidence-based techniques including EMDR, IFS, Attachment and Family Systems. I have over 25 years of experience working with families, couples, parents, children, and individuals from diverse backgrounds. Areas of specialty include adoption and foster care, attachment and bonding, parenting, family and developmental transition issues, depression, anxiety, traumatic stress, and issues of faith and spirituality.
(970) 672-4733 View (970) 672-4733
Photo of Erica Hope, PhD, LP, EMDR, Psychologist
Erica Hope
Psychologist, PhD, LP, EMDR
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Do you feel overwhelmed, stressed or anxious? Are you grieving a loss or struggling with infertility or CNBC? Maybe you are struggling with food, disordered eating or a negative body image. Are you looking to improve your relationships so you feel more connected and at peace? Perhaps you are experiencing health issues that are impacting how you feel about yourself. Life can be difficult and sometimes we need someone outside our circle to listen, understand and support us through these challenges. If you are looking to make a change, I would be honored to assist you along your journey.
Do you feel overwhelmed, stressed or anxious? Are you grieving a loss or struggling with infertility or CNBC? Maybe you are struggling with food, disordered eating or a negative body image. Are you looking to improve your relationships so you feel more connected and at peace? Perhaps you are experiencing health issues that are impacting how you feel about yourself. Life can be difficult and sometimes we need someone outside our circle to listen, understand and support us through these challenges. If you are looking to make a change, I would be honored to assist you along your journey.
(970) 808-0144 View (970) 808-0144
Photo of Bonnie C Cochran, LCSW, BCD, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bonnie C Cochran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Her passion, throughout her career, has been helping families who have suffered the loss of a child, perinatal loss, reproductive trauma, infertility and acute crisis.
Life is full of challenges for each and every one of us. In my 20 plus years of working as a Mental Health Care Professional I have learned that the hurdles we face ultimately help us to change and grow. I have worked with individuals and couples from all walks of life, coping with loss relationship issues, life changing medical diagnosis, reproductive trauma, career challenges, anxiety, trauma and depression.
Her passion, throughout her career, has been helping families who have suffered the loss of a child, perinatal loss, reproductive trauma, infertility and acute crisis.
Life is full of challenges for each and every one of us. In my 20 plus years of working as a Mental Health Care Professional I have learned that the hurdles we face ultimately help us to change and grow. I have worked with individuals and couples from all walks of life, coping with loss relationship issues, life changing medical diagnosis, reproductive trauma, career challenges, anxiety, trauma and depression.
(970) 293-7992 View (970) 293-7992
Photo of Saoirse Chalcraft, MA, LPC, ATR-BC, EMDR II, Licensed Professional Counselor
Saoirse Chalcraft
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR-BC, EMDR II
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524
I work with following issues: empowerment, life transitions, grief/loss, women's issues, infertility, miscarriage, anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, abuse, divorce, relationship issues, and spiritual exploration.
I'm glad you found your way here. Perhaps you are here because you want to find...the peace of being comfortable with who you are, release from the pain of depression or anxiety, relief from the deeply sad feelings of losing a love one, a deep and meaningful relationship with another person, grace amidst the limitations placed upon you by illness, liberation from the constraints trauma, release from an unhealthy relationship, who you truly are and rest in that knowing.
I work with following issues: empowerment, life transitions, grief/loss, women's issues, infertility, miscarriage, anxiety, depression, trauma, PTSD, abuse, divorce, relationship issues, and spiritual exploration.
I'm glad you found your way here. Perhaps you are here because you want to find...the peace of being comfortable with who you are, release from the pain of depression or anxiety, relief from the deeply sad feelings of losing a love one, a deep and meaningful relationship with another person, grace amidst the limitations placed upon you by illness, liberation from the constraints trauma, release from an unhealthy relationship, who you truly are and rest in that knowing.
(970) 300-5658 View (970) 300-5658
Photo of Katherine Combs, PsyD, Psychologist
Katherine Combs
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80525
With a wide range of clinical experience and a strong training background, I have expertise in treating anxiety, depression, women's health and infertility/ postpartum, chronic pain, coping with illness, life transitions, relationship difficulties, trauma, grief, self-esteem, & stress.
Life can be hard, confusing and even painful. You have just taken the first and hardest step by being here. As a licensed psychologist, I offer psychotherapy to individuals with an emphasis on adults and adolescents. Together our purpose will be working towards a healthier, happier and more meaningful life. My approach is empowering, insightful and collaborative. I strive to take an active role in the therapy process and help you discover things that need to change to improve your life, and then how to actually implement those changes.
With a wide range of clinical experience and a strong training background, I have expertise in treating anxiety, depression, women's health and infertility/ postpartum, chronic pain, coping with illness, life transitions, relationship difficulties, trauma, grief, self-esteem, & stress.
Life can be hard, confusing and even painful. You have just taken the first and hardest step by being here. As a licensed psychologist, I offer psychotherapy to individuals with an emphasis on adults and adolescents. Together our purpose will be working towards a healthier, happier and more meaningful life. My approach is empowering, insightful and collaborative. I strive to take an active role in the therapy process and help you discover things that need to change to improve your life, and then how to actually implement those changes.
(970) 426-0216 View (970) 426-0216
Photo of Julia Ewanowski - Willow Therapy Services, LCSW, MPH, PMH-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Willow Therapy Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPH, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80527  (Online Only)
Reaching out for support is hard. You are brave for being here! My name is Julia Ewanowski. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, and I also have my Masters of Public Health. I specialize in perinatal mental health, or mood and anxiety changes that happen before, during & after pregnancy, perinatal trauma, OCD, grief & loss, infertility, parenting struggles, adoption and relationship conflicts. I also treat the mental health conditions that can accompany chronic health conditions, health-related traumas, terminal illness & caregiver burnout.
Reaching out for support is hard. You are brave for being here! My name is Julia Ewanowski. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, and I also have my Masters of Public Health. I specialize in perinatal mental health, or mood and anxiety changes that happen before, during & after pregnancy, perinatal trauma, OCD, grief & loss, infertility, parenting struggles, adoption and relationship conflicts. I also treat the mental health conditions that can accompany chronic health conditions, health-related traumas, terminal illness & caregiver burnout.
(385) 375-7250 View (385) 375-7250
Photo of Mallory Hislar, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mallory Hislar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Are you a woman facing painful sex, fertility problems, relationship struggles, or both? Do you have a health situation you don't feel like you can talk about because "you look fine"? Have you ever experienced a significant trauma or sexual assault? Do you have relationship issues that are affected by any of these things? Health problems and recovering from trauma is scary, then the way that people respond to them can make us feel like our problems are minimized and invalidated. This can make us feel alone, helpless, terrified, as well as frustrated with the responses of people around us. -now offering EMDR
Are you a woman facing painful sex, fertility problems, relationship struggles, or both? Do you have a health situation you don't feel like you can talk about because "you look fine"? Have you ever experienced a significant trauma or sexual assault? Do you have relationship issues that are affected by any of these things? Health problems and recovering from trauma is scary, then the way that people respond to them can make us feel like our problems are minimized and invalidated. This can make us feel alone, helpless, terrified, as well as frustrated with the responses of people around us. -now offering EMDR
(970) 548-9871 View (970) 548-9871
Photo of Danielle Eldred, PsyD, LCSW, CPDPE, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Danielle Eldred
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW, CPDPE
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80521
In-person openings coming 9/1/24. Virtual available now. Peace and acceptance within yourself and your relationships is possible. I support individuals, relationships, and families in all stages of development including the transition to parenthood, family building, postpartum, and family blending. Using attachment-based methods, we partner to understand the conscious and unconscious patterns of seeking belonging with others so that symptoms and struggles faced in the present make sense and a path forward is clear. I look forward to partnering with you to find relief and deep healing.
In-person openings coming 9/1/24. Virtual available now. Peace and acceptance within yourself and your relationships is possible. I support individuals, relationships, and families in all stages of development including the transition to parenthood, family building, postpartum, and family blending. Using attachment-based methods, we partner to understand the conscious and unconscious patterns of seeking belonging with others so that symptoms and struggles faced in the present make sense and a path forward is clear. I look forward to partnering with you to find relief and deep healing.
(951) 783-2690 View (951) 783-2690
Photo of Tonya Ewers, NCC, LPCC, MA, Counselor
Tonya Ewers
Counselor, NCC, LPCC, MA
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80525  (Online Only)
The ability to set healthy boundaries, to feel worthy in our relationships, and to find connection and meaning is where personal health and satisfaction begins. It takes courage to open your heart to change, healing and growth, and I am honored every day to get to witness and support amazing clients in this work.
The ability to set healthy boundaries, to feel worthy in our relationships, and to find connection and meaning is where personal health and satisfaction begins. It takes courage to open your heart to change, healing and growth, and I am honored every day to get to witness and support amazing clients in this work.
(720) 438-4185 View (720) 438-4185
Photo of Brook Bretthauer, LMFT, EMDR, PACT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Brook Bretthauer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, EMDR, PACT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80526
I am glad you are searching for a therapist to help you with whatever life issue(s) you may be struggling with. Finding someone you feel safe and comfortable with is vital when deciding on a therapist. As part of my practice, I strive to create a secure and nurturing environment where you can share concerns and vulnerabilities while also making progress toward goals and the changes you would like to have happen in your life.
I am glad you are searching for a therapist to help you with whatever life issue(s) you may be struggling with. Finding someone you feel safe and comfortable with is vital when deciding on a therapist. As part of my practice, I strive to create a secure and nurturing environment where you can share concerns and vulnerabilities while also making progress toward goals and the changes you would like to have happen in your life.
(970) 323-3036 View (970) 323-3036
Photo of Mallory Hislar, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Mallory Hislar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80525
If you have ever experienced sexual assault, abuse, the loss of a loved one, or a toxic relationship you are already a survivor. You might feel really lost and alone, but you don't have to be. Oftentimes when people have been through significant traumas they continue through life thinking they will be fine, but they are continuously haunted by anxiety and depression. If you have experienced any of these traumatic situations you likely have also experienced narcissistic abuse within your family. This kind of trauma and abuse can make it difficult to function in healthy relationships as an adult. -now offering EMDR
If you have ever experienced sexual assault, abuse, the loss of a loved one, or a toxic relationship you are already a survivor. You might feel really lost and alone, but you don't have to be. Oftentimes when people have been through significant traumas they continue through life thinking they will be fine, but they are continuously haunted by anxiety and depression. If you have experienced any of these traumatic situations you likely have also experienced narcissistic abuse within your family. This kind of trauma and abuse can make it difficult to function in healthy relationships as an adult. -now offering EMDR
(970) 788-2781 View (970) 788-2781
Photo of Elina Zentz, MA, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elina Zentz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80524
We all encounter challenges that affect our quality of life. Although struggles are part of the normal human experience, we were not meant to work through them alone. My passion is to come alongside you to help you find healing and change as you journey down this path called life. I am here to provide support, encouragement, and my expertise to help you find the strength to overcome whatever life has thrown your way. I specialize in helping you navigate through anxiety, depression, and trauma. My mission is that when you embark on this journey you can come out victorious, empowered, and filled with hope and purpose.
We all encounter challenges that affect our quality of life. Although struggles are part of the normal human experience, we were not meant to work through them alone. My passion is to come alongside you to help you find healing and change as you journey down this path called life. I am here to provide support, encouragement, and my expertise to help you find the strength to overcome whatever life has thrown your way. I specialize in helping you navigate through anxiety, depression, and trauma. My mission is that when you embark on this journey you can come out victorious, empowered, and filled with hope and purpose.
(970) 387-6857 View (970) 387-6857
Photo of Ashley Lauren (Dubois) Van Vonderen, BA,  MS, LPC, RYT-500, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ashley Lauren (Dubois) Van Vonderen
Licensed Professional Counselor, BA, MS, LPC, RYT-500
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80524  (Online Only)
Do you often feel anxious, disconnected, depressed, or burned out? Maybe you're struggling to function in daily life, and responding to triggers with helpful coping skills. I help highly sensitive, creative, and compassionate people like you get “unstuck” by harnessing their inner resources, processing trauma, and reconnecting to the empowerment of personal values, authenticity, and compassion.
Do you often feel anxious, disconnected, depressed, or burned out? Maybe you're struggling to function in daily life, and responding to triggers with helpful coping skills. I help highly sensitive, creative, and compassionate people like you get “unstuck” by harnessing their inner resources, processing trauma, and reconnecting to the empowerment of personal values, authenticity, and compassion.
(720) 704-1839 View (720) 704-1839
Photo of Rebecca Temple, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rebecca Temple
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Life is a journey with many seasons and transitions that can present different challenges. During these transitions we can sometimes feel stuck by our current environment, triggered by past traumas, or feeling unfulfilled in our relationships. I am her to help create a nonjudgemental space for you to explore the emotions and the transitions that are happening in your life and how you are being affected by it.
Life is a journey with many seasons and transitions that can present different challenges. During these transitions we can sometimes feel stuck by our current environment, triggered by past traumas, or feeling unfulfilled in our relationships. I am her to help create a nonjudgemental space for you to explore the emotions and the transitions that are happening in your life and how you are being affected by it.
(970) 474-5516 View (970) 474-5516
Photo of Tiffany Broadhurst, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Tiffany Broadhurst
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Have you ever thought to yourself—"I freeze every time I have to perform," "My nerves always get the best of me," "I need someone to talk to, but I don't want to burden anyone," "I feel sad but I'm not sure why," "I'll never be good enough." Do you relate to any of these statements? You are worthy of a better life, and together we can get there.
Have you ever thought to yourself—"I freeze every time I have to perform," "My nerves always get the best of me," "I need someone to talk to, but I don't want to burden anyone," "I feel sad but I'm not sure why," "I'll never be good enough." Do you relate to any of these statements? You are worthy of a better life, and together we can get there.
(970) 972-0885 View (970) 972-0885
Photo of Lisa Wallace, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lisa Wallace
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fort Collins, CO 80525
Life can be complicated for different reasons. Sometimes more support can help. At any age, life can be overwhelming, negative behaviors can persist, relationships trapped in hurtful patterns, or inner worlds caught in negative thinking which stretch our coping, and cause stress. In all this WE WANT TO FEEL BETTER! Counseling offers a private, confidential space to get help. It is an honor to listen and join in your life story. I work with adults/couples/families/teens and children, listening to your goals to bring balance, health, wellness, peace and more happiness.
Life can be complicated for different reasons. Sometimes more support can help. At any age, life can be overwhelming, negative behaviors can persist, relationships trapped in hurtful patterns, or inner worlds caught in negative thinking which stretch our coping, and cause stress. In all this WE WANT TO FEEL BETTER! Counseling offers a private, confidential space to get help. It is an honor to listen and join in your life story. I work with adults/couples/families/teens and children, listening to your goals to bring balance, health, wellness, peace and more happiness.
(970) 237-6166 View (970) 237-6166
1

See more therapy options for Fort Collins

Infertility Therapists

How can infertility affect couples and their relationship?

Clients who are dealing with infertility may experience conflict and communication problems. It’s not unusual for shame, blame, and guilt to arise in cases of infertility, whether the source of the problem is one partner or both. This means that clients are upset and pulling away from their partner just when they need them the most. Some clients may find it difficult to spend time around friends and family who are pregnant. Friends and family can also make hurtful comments that increase tension during this time.

How does therapy for infertility issues work?

The therapist will begin by gathering information about the client or couple and make a treatment plan for their specific concerns. In addition to addressing common mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and trauma reactions or PTSD, therapists can help clients improve their decision-making and deal with stressors unique to infertility. Some examples include coping with the “two-week wait” before a pregnancy test, the distress associated with a failed attempt or miscarriage, and the shame and blame sometimes associated with reproductive concerns.

What type of therapy is best for infertility issues?

Many therapists offer psychotherapy for individuals and couples who are dealing with infertility issues. Some helpful therapeutic approaches include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which can aid clients in reframing negative thoughts about their situation. Expressive writing and art therapy can help clients process difficult feelings. Clients might also benefit from group therapy to experience support from others who are dealing with the same problems.

How long does therapy for infertility issues take?

There is no set length for therapy that addresses infertility or reproductive concerns. Some clients might find it helpful to continue therapy during their pregnancy to have healthy ways to cope with any associated stress, anxiety, depression, or trauma. Some clients who decide not to pursue fertility treatments might benefit from the support of a therapist. The duration of therapy varies depending on the individual client’s specific needs and goals.