Therapists in Vestavia Hills, AL

Photo of Andrea Echols, MEd, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Andrea Echols
Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Every person is different therefore every interaction is different. As humans we have patterns and the patterns you exhibit assist me to help you efficiently and appropriately for each situation we may encounter during our therapeutic relationship. Counseling is not just processing. Counseling also includes making changes, gaining self-awareness, having a willingness to gradually open up and so much more. As a counselor, I do not have “magic words” for a “fix all solution”; I will however be there as a guide for you. I can teach you techniques through evidence-based practices to help you manage what life may throw your way.
Every person is different therefore every interaction is different. As humans we have patterns and the patterns you exhibit assist me to help you efficiently and appropriately for each situation we may encounter during our therapeutic relationship. Counseling is not just processing. Counseling also includes making changes, gaining self-awareness, having a willingness to gradually open up and so much more. As a counselor, I do not have “magic words” for a “fix all solution”; I will however be there as a guide for you. I can teach you techniques through evidence-based practices to help you manage what life may throw your way.
(205) 839-4208 View (205) 839-4208
Photo of Tangie Martin Macon - Willow Grace Wellness Center LLC , MSW, LICSW, PIP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Willow Grace Wellness Center LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, PIP
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Are you feeling worried all the time? Are you dealing with a bad relationship? Are you ready to make a change in your life? It takes courage and strength to ask for help, but it can lead to a lifetime of fulfillment. Let me help you focus on things you change. In working together we can understand the obstacles that you face and develop practical solutions that can help you gain control over your life.
Are you feeling worried all the time? Are you dealing with a bad relationship? Are you ready to make a change in your life? It takes courage and strength to ask for help, but it can lead to a lifetime of fulfillment. Let me help you focus on things you change. In working together we can understand the obstacles that you face and develop practical solutions that can help you gain control over your life.
(205) 293-0786 View (205) 293-0786
Photo of Brion Carlson, MA, NCC, ALC, Counselor
Brion Carlson
Counselor, MA, NCC, ALC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Do you suspect your negative feelings and patterns of thought and action are based more on the difficulties of being a thinking, feeling human being than on a particular event? Is it hard to find people who understand? If so, I'm glad you're here. I focus on deep depression, addictions, and anxieties that have existential roots. I enjoy working with people fighting for recovery and those struggling with suicidality, aging, terminal illness, grief, loneliness, death anxiety, and loss of meaning. I believe in bulding new skills. But my ultimate aim is to help you find and liberate your higher Self.
Do you suspect your negative feelings and patterns of thought and action are based more on the difficulties of being a thinking, feeling human being than on a particular event? Is it hard to find people who understand? If so, I'm glad you're here. I focus on deep depression, addictions, and anxieties that have existential roots. I enjoy working with people fighting for recovery and those struggling with suicidality, aging, terminal illness, grief, loneliness, death anxiety, and loss of meaning. I believe in bulding new skills. But my ultimate aim is to help you find and liberate your higher Self.
(205) 984-4567 View (205) 984-4567
Photo of Sirie Henley, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sirie Henley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My goal as a therapist is to create a safe environment built on trust and empathetic understanding. I pride myself on establishing a strong rapport, which I believe is the basis to a healthy therapeutic relationship. My theoretical approach is integrative, utilizing techniques from various theories, depending on your individualized needs. I would love to facilitate positive growth and change towards reaching your desired goals!
My goal as a therapist is to create a safe environment built on trust and empathetic understanding. I pride myself on establishing a strong rapport, which I believe is the basis to a healthy therapeutic relationship. My theoretical approach is integrative, utilizing techniques from various theories, depending on your individualized needs. I would love to facilitate positive growth and change towards reaching your desired goals!
(205) 973-6549 View (205) 973-6549
Photo of Lacey Amos, MA, EdS, LPC-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lacey Amos
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdS, LPC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216  (Online Only)
If you desire positive change, counseling is the right place! Counseling can help you regain control and begin the healing process. I enjoy offering a variety of professional counseling services and because every situation is unique, I customize interventions accordingly. Together we will work to meet your goals and increase your overall health and wellness. Since 2006 I have helped clients work through various types of transitions and issues. I began offering virtual counseling services in 2020 and have enjoyed the benefits of telehealth for me and my clients ever since! Visit laceyamoscounseling.com for more information.
If you desire positive change, counseling is the right place! Counseling can help you regain control and begin the healing process. I enjoy offering a variety of professional counseling services and because every situation is unique, I customize interventions accordingly. Together we will work to meet your goals and increase your overall health and wellness. Since 2006 I have helped clients work through various types of transitions and issues. I began offering virtual counseling services in 2020 and have enjoyed the benefits of telehealth for me and my clients ever since! Visit laceyamoscounseling.com for more information.
(205) 289-3497 View (205) 289-3497
Photo of Meredith K McClendon, LMFT-A, ALC, MEd, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Meredith K McClendon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT-A, ALC, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Counseling is collaborative, meaningful, and life-changing. As a therapist, I strive to create a compassionate and nonjudgmental space where you can explore a range of concerns and be your most authentic self. I enjoy working with preteens, teens, adults, couples and families on a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, neurodivergence, parenting, and TBI. I also have a Master's in Theology and work with clients who are dealing with issues related to their spirituality or have experienced spiritual or religious trauma.
Counseling is collaborative, meaningful, and life-changing. As a therapist, I strive to create a compassionate and nonjudgmental space where you can explore a range of concerns and be your most authentic self. I enjoy working with preteens, teens, adults, couples and families on a wide range of issues including anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, neurodivergence, parenting, and TBI. I also have a Master's in Theology and work with clients who are dealing with issues related to their spirituality or have experienced spiritual or religious trauma.
(205) 953-3545 View (205) 953-3545
Photo of Whitney Shelton, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Whitney Shelton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Navigating life's challenges can often feel overwhelming, especially given its unpredictability. Balancing responsibilities such as work, family, and social obligations can lead to stress, burnout, and anxiety. These challenges are not only emotionally taxing but can also impact physical health, making it difficult for people to find a way forward without support.
Navigating life's challenges can often feel overwhelming, especially given its unpredictability. Balancing responsibilities such as work, family, and social obligations can lead to stress, burnout, and anxiety. These challenges are not only emotionally taxing but can also impact physical health, making it difficult for people to find a way forward without support.
(659) 212-6975 View (659) 212-6975
Photo of Melissa Beaird, MEd, LPC-S, Counselor
Melissa Beaird
Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Melissa Beaird, who goes by Missy, has been a therapist for over 35 years. She began her career working in the recovery field. She opened her private practice that lasted 22 years. She had a wonderful opportunity to work in a children's hospital to help patients and their families cope with chronic illness. She missed working in the private practice arena and has once again opened an office where she sees clients on Saturdays.
Melissa Beaird, who goes by Missy, has been a therapist for over 35 years. She began her career working in the recovery field. She opened her private practice that lasted 22 years. She had a wonderful opportunity to work in a children's hospital to help patients and their families cope with chronic illness. She missed working in the private practice arena and has once again opened an office where she sees clients on Saturdays.
(659) 212-4111 View (659) 212-4111
Photo of Sarah Jean Thomas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Jean Thomas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
My desire as a therapist is to walk alongside you in reaching your personal goals. These goals can range from improvement in managing anxiety and depression symptoms to healing from traumatic experiences. I will work with you to develop an individualized plan that meets your specific needs. I believe that all people are worthy of being seen, heard, and valued. I can guarantee that I will treat you with respect and actively listen to your story and your needs. Contact me to begin developing coping skills, improving your relationships, and to make sense of and heal from your past.
My desire as a therapist is to walk alongside you in reaching your personal goals. These goals can range from improvement in managing anxiety and depression symptoms to healing from traumatic experiences. I will work with you to develop an individualized plan that meets your specific needs. I believe that all people are worthy of being seen, heard, and valued. I can guarantee that I will treat you with respect and actively listen to your story and your needs. Contact me to begin developing coping skills, improving your relationships, and to make sense of and heal from your past.
(205) 898-5659 View (205) 898-5659
Photo of LaTesha Gardner, MS, LPC, NCC, Licensed Professional Counselor
LaTesha Gardner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
No two people or situations are exactly the same. I use active listening skills as you express your reality, so that we can work towards a positive change in your situation. I enjoy and continue to work with a diverse clientele. Providing services to adult and adolescent individuals who may be dealing with depression, boundary setting, bullying, self-esteem, peer pressure, gender identity or other environmental concerns that may unsettle daily life.
No two people or situations are exactly the same. I use active listening skills as you express your reality, so that we can work towards a positive change in your situation. I enjoy and continue to work with a diverse clientele. Providing services to adult and adolescent individuals who may be dealing with depression, boundary setting, bullying, self-esteem, peer pressure, gender identity or other environmental concerns that may unsettle daily life.
(205) 894-6501 View (205) 894-6501
Photo of Valencia M Pruitt - Willow Grace Wellness, LLC, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Willow Grace Wellness, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Not accepting new clients
Life is hard, and sometimes we struggle, but knowing you don't have to struggle alone can be helpful. Hi, my name is Valencia McCarroll-Pruitt. It is my desire to collaborate with you to discover the grace you need to heal from emotional despair. Whether it be a life challenge, relationship issue, grief, divorce, or any other issue, lets work through it together. I believe healing begins with self awareness, meaningful support, compassion, connection & therapeutic practice. I look forward to meeting you.
Life is hard, and sometimes we struggle, but knowing you don't have to struggle alone can be helpful. Hi, my name is Valencia McCarroll-Pruitt. It is my desire to collaborate with you to discover the grace you need to heal from emotional despair. Whether it be a life challenge, relationship issue, grief, divorce, or any other issue, lets work through it together. I believe healing begins with self awareness, meaningful support, compassion, connection & therapeutic practice. I look forward to meeting you.
(659) 236-9968 View (659) 236-9968
Photo of Heeyoung Kang, MS, LMFTA, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Heeyoung Kang
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LMFTA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Hi and welcome! My name is Heeyoung. First of all, I’m glad you’re taking the initiative to take charge of your mental health! I take a collaborative approach to help you find the tools to get unstuck and make progress toward your goals. As a therapist, I focus on my clients' attachment and utilize a systemic lens to consider how their relationships with family and loved ones shape their thoughts, emotions, and beliefs.
Hi and welcome! My name is Heeyoung. First of all, I’m glad you’re taking the initiative to take charge of your mental health! I take a collaborative approach to help you find the tools to get unstuck and make progress toward your goals. As a therapist, I focus on my clients' attachment and utilize a systemic lens to consider how their relationships with family and loved ones shape their thoughts, emotions, and beliefs.
(659) 837-0349 View (659) 837-0349
Photo of Rachel Isbill, MA, ALC, EMDR, Counselor
Rachel Isbill
Counselor, MA, ALC, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Sometimes it may feel like the darkness threatens to overwhelm you. Counseling offers an opportunity to be seen and supported safely in hard places. I’ve learned from my clients, community, and personal experiences that even in these dark shadows, slivers of light can shine in. Beautiful things can grow there, too.
Sometimes it may feel like the darkness threatens to overwhelm you. Counseling offers an opportunity to be seen and supported safely in hard places. I’ve learned from my clients, community, and personal experiences that even in these dark shadows, slivers of light can shine in. Beautiful things can grow there, too.
(205) 656-3204 View (205) 656-3204
Photo of Lauren Gilbert, ALC, NCC, Counselor
Lauren Gilbert
Counselor, ALC, NCC
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216  (Online Only)
Are you struggling in a relationship, at work, or at home? Maybe you're struggling to accept yourself in the place, body, or life you're currently in. Maybe you're thinking you'll be happy when... The answer does not lie in the "when," it lies in the now. Our struggles tend to target self-esteem and attack our confidence but there is hope, and the answers are already within you. I can help you find them. I utilize a combined person-centered and CFT approach with DBT and CBT techniques and skills to implement and perpetuate long-lasting change
Are you struggling in a relationship, at work, or at home? Maybe you're struggling to accept yourself in the place, body, or life you're currently in. Maybe you're thinking you'll be happy when... The answer does not lie in the "when," it lies in the now. Our struggles tend to target self-esteem and attack our confidence but there is hope, and the answers are already within you. I can help you find them. I utilize a combined person-centered and CFT approach with DBT and CBT techniques and skills to implement and perpetuate long-lasting change
(205) 697-7695 View (205) 697-7695
Photo of Sierra Anderson, MA, ALC, NCC, Counselor
Sierra Anderson
Counselor, MA, ALC, NCC
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Waitlist for new clients
I am committed to helping individuals facing adversity find peace and reach their therapeutic goals within their unique contexts. My work focuses on providing accessible counseling services that draw from various therapeutic modalities, with a special interest in working with neurodiverse individuals and the queer community. I believe in helping clients navigate their emotional and psychological challenges in a client-centered and validating manner, regardless of their background. I see myself as a guide, not a teacher, recognizing that clients are the experts in their own lived experiences.
I am committed to helping individuals facing adversity find peace and reach their therapeutic goals within their unique contexts. My work focuses on providing accessible counseling services that draw from various therapeutic modalities, with a special interest in working with neurodiverse individuals and the queer community. I believe in helping clients navigate their emotional and psychological challenges in a client-centered and validating manner, regardless of their background. I see myself as a guide, not a teacher, recognizing that clients are the experts in their own lived experiences.
(205) 947-3883 View (205) 947-3883
Photo of April Morris, ALC, NCC, MA, Counselor
April Morris
Counselor, ALC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
Life's journey can be full of ups and downs that occasionally leave us feeling exhausted, confused, and deeply hurt. In these moments, we need help to overcome these challenges as we begin to make sense of these painful pieces of our story. Having someone to support you while offering compassion and empathy can help you restore and make sense of these parts of your journey. As your therapist, I seek to be an understanding presence by your side, helping you mend those fractured pieces and fueling your personal growth. I would be honored to come alongside you and support your healing journey.
Life's journey can be full of ups and downs that occasionally leave us feeling exhausted, confused, and deeply hurt. In these moments, we need help to overcome these challenges as we begin to make sense of these painful pieces of our story. Having someone to support you while offering compassion and empathy can help you restore and make sense of these parts of your journey. As your therapist, I seek to be an understanding presence by your side, helping you mend those fractured pieces and fueling your personal growth. I would be honored to come alongside you and support your healing journey.
(205) 946-4912 View (205) 946-4912
Photo of Amber Lee, MEd, MFT-I, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Amber Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MEd, MFT-I
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
As the default parent in your family, do you feel under extreme pressure from your partner to manage all the childcare duties yourself? Is your co-parenting situation causing resentment to build in your marriage or putting a strain on your relationships with your children? Managing a household with unbalanced responsibilities can cause additional stress for one or both parents and tension to build within the family unit. If your family needs some help managing stress, redefining roles within the family, reestablishing emotional bonds or gaining a better sense of connection, let me give you the tools to do so.
As the default parent in your family, do you feel under extreme pressure from your partner to manage all the childcare duties yourself? Is your co-parenting situation causing resentment to build in your marriage or putting a strain on your relationships with your children? Managing a household with unbalanced responsibilities can cause additional stress for one or both parents and tension to build within the family unit. If your family needs some help managing stress, redefining roles within the family, reestablishing emotional bonds or gaining a better sense of connection, let me give you the tools to do so.
(205) 964-5775 View (205) 964-5775
Photo of Haley Harper - Elpida Counseling, LLC, MEd, ALC, NCC, Counselor
Elpida Counseling, LLC
Counselor, MEd, ALC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216  (Online Only)
What happened to you? This is the question that should be asked when a person decides to confront their trauma. So much of the focus is on "What is wrong with you?" that we fail to take in the traumatic events that led us here. Let’s work together to confront your trauma and make those healing steps forward. While I take special interest in traumatic experiences, I also have extensive experience working with anxiety, depression, panic attacks, low self-esteem, OCD, life transitions, bipolar disorders, personality disorders, and major depressive disorder.
What happened to you? This is the question that should be asked when a person decides to confront their trauma. So much of the focus is on "What is wrong with you?" that we fail to take in the traumatic events that led us here. Let’s work together to confront your trauma and make those healing steps forward. While I take special interest in traumatic experiences, I also have extensive experience working with anxiety, depression, panic attacks, low self-esteem, OCD, life transitions, bipolar disorders, personality disorders, and major depressive disorder.
(205) 850-5173 View (205) 850-5173
Photo of David Murphree, MA, EdS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
David Murphree
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
There are three birds on a wire. One decides to fly away, how many are left? Answer: Three. The one just decided to fly away. It didn’t actually do it. Perhaps you have decided that you are going to change. Are you ready to do so? David believes that we already have everything we need within ourselves, including the presence of the Divine within us. As a therapist, David’s role is to create a space where individuals can do the work it takes to move toward wholeness.
There are three birds on a wire. One decides to fly away, how many are left? Answer: Three. The one just decided to fly away. It didn’t actually do it. Perhaps you have decided that you are going to change. Are you ready to do so? David believes that we already have everything we need within ourselves, including the presence of the Divine within us. As a therapist, David’s role is to create a space where individuals can do the work it takes to move toward wholeness.
(205) 379-6279 View (205) 379-6279
Photo of Rhonda S. Smith, MA, ALC, Counselor
Rhonda S. Smith
Counselor, MA, ALC
Verified Verified
Vestavia Hills, AL 35216
I believe in honesty, positive self-regard, and above all, genuineness The counseling room is a safe space to process your emotions and experiences. Life can be challenging as we adapt to the negative experiences beyond our control. Children are confronted with new obstacles hindering their personal growth and wellbeing. Parents relate to their child's experience and may feel helpless with the new dynamic they find themselves in. As a counselor, I would like to work with your child towards increasing self-awareness, coping skills and instilling hope as they navigate through life.
I believe in honesty, positive self-regard, and above all, genuineness The counseling room is a safe space to process your emotions and experiences. Life can be challenging as we adapt to the negative experiences beyond our control. Children are confronted with new obstacles hindering their personal growth and wellbeing. Parents relate to their child's experience and may feel helpless with the new dynamic they find themselves in. As a counselor, I would like to work with your child towards increasing self-awareness, coping skills and instilling hope as they navigate through life.
(205) 890-4191 View (205) 890-4191
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Vestavia Hills, AL

100+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Vestavia Hills, AL who prioritize treating:

98% Anxiety
93% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
79% Self Esteem
78% Trauma and PTSD
78% Coping Skills
78% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

90% BlueCross and BlueShield
47% New Directions | Lucet
36% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Vestavia Hills, AL see their clients

93% In Person and Online
7% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Vestavia Hills?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.