Christian Therapists in Peoria, AZ

Photo of Vicky A Snyder, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Vicky A Snyder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85345  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm Vicky Snyder, licensed therapist in Arizona. I have 10 years of experience working in the mental health field. I am a Master's level Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). My passion is faith-based counseling if requested, specializing in anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, addictions, and relationship issues. I work from a non-judgmental Christian approach and believe there is hope for living the life you want. You can start your new life now.
Hello! I'm Vicky Snyder, licensed therapist in Arizona. I have 10 years of experience working in the mental health field. I am a Master's level Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). My passion is faith-based counseling if requested, specializing in anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, addictions, and relationship issues. I work from a non-judgmental Christian approach and believe there is hope for living the life you want. You can start your new life now.
(623) 552-5853 View (623) 552-5853
Photo of Joseph C Roberson, PhD, PSYPACT, Psychologist
Joseph C Roberson
Psychologist, PhD, PSYPACT
Verified Verified
Peoria, AZ 85382
Christian values and faith were important elements in the Roberson home during Dr.
Dr. Roberson specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of psychological issues. The typical age range of patients is 13-60 years. Parents need to attend the initial session with persons under 18. Treatment begins with a diagnostic and planning interview. Frequency of sessions and scheduling depends on patient needs. Traditional and cognitive therapies are adjusted to the types of issues discussed. At times, EMDR is used for patients who have experienced trauma. Sessions are held in a safe and comfortable environment, either in person or on Telehealth.
Christian values and faith were important elements in the Roberson home during Dr.
Dr. Roberson specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of psychological issues. The typical age range of patients is 13-60 years. Parents need to attend the initial session with persons under 18. Treatment begins with a diagnostic and planning interview. Frequency of sessions and scheduling depends on patient needs. Traditional and cognitive therapies are adjusted to the types of issues discussed. At times, EMDR is used for patients who have experienced trauma. Sessions are held in a safe and comfortable environment, either in person or on Telehealth.
(623) 486-0935 View (623) 486-0935
Photo of Rhonda Lake, LPC, MPC, MAC, CCTP-ll, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rhonda Lake
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MPC, MAC, CCTP-ll
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85345  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Rhonda Lake and I have 14 yrs. experience and specialize in anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and those overwhelming feelings in your life. Furthermore, I am a certified trauma and EMDR specialist. I focus on integrating neuroscience with evidence-based approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapies, EMDR, somatic approaches. In addition, I have been a Christian for 38 years and do both Christian and non-Christian counseling. My style of counseling is to be interactive and present with you.
Hi, I'm Rhonda Lake and I have 14 yrs. experience and specialize in anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and those overwhelming feelings in your life. Furthermore, I am a certified trauma and EMDR specialist. I focus on integrating neuroscience with evidence-based approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapies, EMDR, somatic approaches. In addition, I have been a Christian for 38 years and do both Christian and non-Christian counseling. My style of counseling is to be interactive and present with you.
(623) 207-8901 View (623) 207-8901
Photo of Rebecca Andersen, MAPC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Rebecca Andersen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Peoria, AZ 85382
I have a passion for helping hurting people and restoring broken relationships. My goal is to come alongside hurting clients, and provide a safe and understanding place for them to share their burdens and address the issues that are causing them distress. I encourage, support, and guide clients into learning skills and developing tools that can assist them in accomplishing their counseling goals. I provide a Christian-based perspective for those seeking to integrate their Christian faith into the counseling process; however, I welcome the opportunity to work with any clients regardless of their spiritual beliefs.
I have a passion for helping hurting people and restoring broken relationships. My goal is to come alongside hurting clients, and provide a safe and understanding place for them to share their burdens and address the issues that are causing them distress. I encourage, support, and guide clients into learning skills and developing tools that can assist them in accomplishing their counseling goals. I provide a Christian-based perspective for those seeking to integrate their Christian faith into the counseling process; however, I welcome the opportunity to work with any clients regardless of their spiritual beliefs.
(623) 207-1701 View (623) 207-1701
Photo of Dawn Marie Bellingham, MAPC, LPC, CSAT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dawn Marie Bellingham
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAPC, LPC, CSAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85381
Welcome to Grace & Gratitude Counseling, PLLC. My desire is that you will find hope and healing throughout your journey. I have been working in the mental health and addiction field for 15 years. Additionally, I have worked in the education field for over 20 years. My expertise includes working in the areas of Christian counseling, trauma work, experiential therapy, mental health, relationships, family, and addiction. I also have a passion for working with adolescents and young adults. I spent time at the junior high and high school level teaching English, working as a guidance counselor, and as a social worker.
Welcome to Grace & Gratitude Counseling, PLLC. My desire is that you will find hope and healing throughout your journey. I have been working in the mental health and addiction field for 15 years. Additionally, I have worked in the education field for over 20 years. My expertise includes working in the areas of Christian counseling, trauma work, experiential therapy, mental health, relationships, family, and addiction. I also have a passion for working with adolescents and young adults. I spent time at the junior high and high school level teaching English, working as a guidance counselor, and as a social worker.
(602) 497-0121 View (602) 497-0121
Photo of Trudy Marie Soncrant, MSW, LCSW, LISAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Trudy Marie Soncrant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LISAC
Not Verified Not Verified
Peoria, AZ 85345
I'm Trudy Soncrant, owner of Broken Chains Christian Counseling, Inc. in Sun City AZ. I have over 30 years experience as a Master's Level Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Licensed Independent Substance Abuse Counselor (LCSW, LISAC) whose passion is Faith-Based Counseling, specializing in addictions, trauma and Dissociative Disorders. In believing that "Life is a Spiritual Battle between good and evil", I use my expertise with a non-judgmental Christian approach, My favorite song is " The Comeback" by David Gokey. So call our office for your own personal "Comeback"
I'm Trudy Soncrant, owner of Broken Chains Christian Counseling, Inc. in Sun City AZ. I have over 30 years experience as a Master's Level Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Licensed Independent Substance Abuse Counselor (LCSW, LISAC) whose passion is Faith-Based Counseling, specializing in addictions, trauma and Dissociative Disorders. In believing that "Life is a Spiritual Battle between good and evil", I use my expertise with a non-judgmental Christian approach, My favorite song is " The Comeback" by David Gokey. So call our office for your own personal "Comeback"
(623) 233-0947 View (623) 233-0947
Photo of Anca Sabo, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Anca Sabo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85383
For those who cherish Christian faith, I offer integration of spiritual values into our work.
Are you and your partner facing marital conflict, or is your family enduring tensions that seem insurmountable? These issues can often undermine the foundation of your most important relationships and your ability to build trust. You seek a restoration of hope and understanding in your relationships. Specializing in couples and family therapy, I offer a warm and safe space for those seeking a richer sense of fulfillment in their most cherished relationships. Here, I honor your journey toward hope, healing, and authentic connection. Working together we can turn your aspirations for a harmonious family life into reality.
For those who cherish Christian faith, I offer integration of spiritual values into our work.
Are you and your partner facing marital conflict, or is your family enduring tensions that seem insurmountable? These issues can often undermine the foundation of your most important relationships and your ability to build trust. You seek a restoration of hope and understanding in your relationships. Specializing in couples and family therapy, I offer a warm and safe space for those seeking a richer sense of fulfillment in their most cherished relationships. Here, I honor your journey toward hope, healing, and authentic connection. Working together we can turn your aspirations for a harmonious family life into reality.
(480) 630-3133 View (480) 630-3133
Photo of Stephanie Larsen Mickelsen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Larsen Mickelsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85382
Stephanie is passionate about providing quality care and specializes in LDS/Christian counseling.
Stephanie specializes in working with children, teens, and young adults. Steph admires the commitment and determination she sees in her clients. She enjoys watching clients become empowered and will often encourage her clients to meet their treatment goals. She understands that healing can be difficult and tries to balance a blend of compassion and motivation in sessions. She is devoted to the healing process and expects that commitment from her clients. If she is treating a minor, parents are expected to be engaged in the therapy process. Stephanie does NOT offer co-parenting counseling or engage in any custody issues.
Stephanie is passionate about providing quality care and specializes in LDS/Christian counseling.
Stephanie specializes in working with children, teens, and young adults. Steph admires the commitment and determination she sees in her clients. She enjoys watching clients become empowered and will often encourage her clients to meet their treatment goals. She understands that healing can be difficult and tries to balance a blend of compassion and motivation in sessions. She is devoted to the healing process and expects that commitment from her clients. If she is treating a minor, parents are expected to be engaged in the therapy process. Stephanie does NOT offer co-parenting counseling or engage in any custody issues.
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Photo of Sharon Carl - Mending Hearts Family Services, MA, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mending Hearts Family Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85345
I am a member of the Association of Play Therapy and The Association of Christian Counselors.
I hold an MA degree in Counseling from Ottawa University and an MA in education from Arizona State University. In addition, I hold an advanced Graduate Specialization in Marriage and Family therapy. I am an LPC, and a Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor. I am trauma informed and practice from an attachment-base model. I use strength-based assessments to develop an individualized treatment plan for each client that is based upon the identified needs.
I am a member of the Association of Play Therapy and The Association of Christian Counselors.
I hold an MA degree in Counseling from Ottawa University and an MA in education from Arizona State University. In addition, I hold an advanced Graduate Specialization in Marriage and Family therapy. I am an LPC, and a Registered Play Therapist-Supervisor. I am trauma informed and practice from an attachment-base model. I use strength-based assessments to develop an individualized treatment plan for each client that is based upon the identified needs.
(602) 456-5248 View (602) 456-5248
Photo of Aniett Von Konsky, MS, LPC, BC-TMH, Licensed Professional Counselor
Aniett Von Konsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85383  (Online Only)
I am also able to provide a Christian based approach to therapy for those who desire to integrate their faith into treatment.
Hi! My name is Aniett and I am a bi-lingual tele-health licensed professional counselor. I strive to provide individuals of diverse backgrounds with a therapy experience that is authentic, relaxing, fun, and a place of connection. . My work draws from experience of working with individuals who have struggled with addictions, substance use, and trauma which as a result has created internal and external conflicts. Also, as part of being first generation, I am able to work with individuals who are currently struggling with multicultural concerns of being in between two cultural worlds.
I am also able to provide a Christian based approach to therapy for those who desire to integrate their faith into treatment.
Hi! My name is Aniett and I am a bi-lingual tele-health licensed professional counselor. I strive to provide individuals of diverse backgrounds with a therapy experience that is authentic, relaxing, fun, and a place of connection. . My work draws from experience of working with individuals who have struggled with addictions, substance use, and trauma which as a result has created internal and external conflicts. Also, as part of being first generation, I am able to work with individuals who are currently struggling with multicultural concerns of being in between two cultural worlds.
(623) 303-9320 View (623) 303-9320
Photo of Mears Amundson, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Mears Amundson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Peoria, AZ 85383
Waitlist for new clients
Christian-based counseling is also offered, for those interested in incorporating their faith.
Are you ready to let go of past hurts? Resolve fears? Restore relationships? Rediscover joy and have more energy? Whether you are facing something unexpected, feeling emotionally overwhelmed, or trying to make sense of your past, seeking help can be the first step in committing to healing. Everyone has unique strengths that can be used to overcome difficult situations leading to greater happiness and healthier relationships. With the right support, you can begin to improve your life one day at a time and feel more like yourself again.
Christian-based counseling is also offered, for those interested in incorporating their faith.
Are you ready to let go of past hurts? Resolve fears? Restore relationships? Rediscover joy and have more energy? Whether you are facing something unexpected, feeling emotionally overwhelmed, or trying to make sense of your past, seeking help can be the first step in committing to healing. Everyone has unique strengths that can be used to overcome difficult situations leading to greater happiness and healthier relationships. With the right support, you can begin to improve your life one day at a time and feel more like yourself again.
(602) 428-9435 View (602) 428-9435
Photo of Dr. Pamela F Davis, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Pamela F Davis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85382  (Online Only)
My focus is on helping individuals, families, and couples cope during the transitions of restructuring, realignment, and finding individuality while transforming their lives. The challenges of life can bring uncertainty, depression, and anxiety. However, it can also bring healing, love, compassion, and respect for one another. Empathy for yourself and others can help you become successful and provide you with resilience to achieve your personal goals. The world is a different place when you learn to practice compassion, love, and empathy in your everyday life and relationships.
My focus is on helping individuals, families, and couples cope during the transitions of restructuring, realignment, and finding individuality while transforming their lives. The challenges of life can bring uncertainty, depression, and anxiety. However, it can also bring healing, love, compassion, and respect for one another. Empathy for yourself and others can help you become successful and provide you with resilience to achieve your personal goals. The world is a different place when you learn to practice compassion, love, and empathy in your everyday life and relationships.
(623) 323-8704 View (623) 323-8704
Photo of Cindy Bock - A Positive Focus Counseling, LLC, MA, LPC, Counselor
A Positive Focus Counseling, LLC
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Peoria, AZ 85345  (Online Only)
Life can be filled with frustrations, pain, and trials beyond our expectations. These can impair our ability to live positive and productive lives, or have positive successful relationships. It is my goal to assist those dealing with such issues to work through them, move beyond, and find a happier and more comfortable place to begin to put their lives on the path they most desire. To enable them to find comfort and control in a world that may cause them to feel like they are being tossed around at the whim of the next wind or next wave.
Life can be filled with frustrations, pain, and trials beyond our expectations. These can impair our ability to live positive and productive lives, or have positive successful relationships. It is my goal to assist those dealing with such issues to work through them, move beyond, and find a happier and more comfortable place to begin to put their lives on the path they most desire. To enable them to find comfort and control in a world that may cause them to feel like they are being tossed around at the whim of the next wind or next wave.
(253) 561-3531 View (253) 561-3531
Photo of Dillon Rylatt, MS, LISAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Dillon Rylatt
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, LISAC
Verified Verified
Peoria, AZ 85345  (Online Only)
I enjoy connecting with people respectfully, authentically and honestly. Regardless of what caused you to seek out counseling, I look forward to listening to you. I have worked with hundreds of clients, from the simplest of life’s hang-ups to the darkest addiction and have seen miracles over and over in people’s lives; including myself. I earned my MS in Addiction Counseling from Grand Canyon University. I work with adults working through addiction and co-occurring mental health issues.
I enjoy connecting with people respectfully, authentically and honestly. Regardless of what caused you to seek out counseling, I look forward to listening to you. I have worked with hundreds of clients, from the simplest of life’s hang-ups to the darkest addiction and have seen miracles over and over in people’s lives; including myself. I earned my MS in Addiction Counseling from Grand Canyon University. I work with adults working through addiction and co-occurring mental health issues.
(623) 343-6827 View (623) 343-6827
Photo of Sedaya Northern, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sedaya Northern
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85382
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about helping adolescents and adults navigate their mental health journey. I am a trauma informed therapist and I have experience working with individuals diagnosed with PTSD, depression, anxiety, grief, bipolar, narcissistic abuse survivors and those wanting to work on coping better with life stressors. I strive to make each of my clients feel safe, comfortable and informed through the process. It’s a brave step to embark on this journey!
I am passionate about helping adolescents and adults navigate their mental health journey. I am a trauma informed therapist and I have experience working with individuals diagnosed with PTSD, depression, anxiety, grief, bipolar, narcissistic abuse survivors and those wanting to work on coping better with life stressors. I strive to make each of my clients feel safe, comfortable and informed through the process. It’s a brave step to embark on this journey!
(480) 571-7884 View (480) 571-7884
Photo of Tres Adames - Prism Counseling & Coaching, MDiv, BCPC, Pastoral Counselor
Prism Counseling & Coaching
Pastoral Counselor, MDiv, BCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85345
We provide faith-based counseling for teens, adults, couples, and families. Our counselors have highly specialized training around integrating your faith and spirituality into the counseling process. Whether you are a regular churchgoer, a seeker, or even spiritual-but-not-religious, it is our goal to provide a safe, sacred place for you to work through whatever emotional and relational issues you may be facing — all while helping you deepen your spiritual life in the process.
We provide faith-based counseling for teens, adults, couples, and families. Our counselors have highly specialized training around integrating your faith and spirituality into the counseling process. Whether you are a regular churchgoer, a seeker, or even spiritual-but-not-religious, it is our goal to provide a safe, sacred place for you to work through whatever emotional and relational issues you may be facing — all while helping you deepen your spiritual life in the process.
(480) 525-7284 View (480) 525-7284
Photo of Jennifer Simpson - Sanity Center, MPC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Sanity Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Peoria, AZ 85345
Looking for a therapist can suck! Where do you look? Will they 'get' me? You may feel like your stuff is too big or too small or you may have even had a bad experience in the past. We are all about helping clients to learn more about themselves in an effort to manage emotions, address patterns, and navigate life's challenges in ways that are personal and are not going to come in a blue print out of a heavy book. Our practice ensures that you are comfortable and able to develop trust and openness in sessions by creating an environment that feels very "down-to-earth" and human. If this is your vibe, check us out! sanitycenter.org
Looking for a therapist can suck! Where do you look? Will they 'get' me? You may feel like your stuff is too big or too small or you may have even had a bad experience in the past. We are all about helping clients to learn more about themselves in an effort to manage emotions, address patterns, and navigate life's challenges in ways that are personal and are not going to come in a blue print out of a heavy book. Our practice ensures that you are comfortable and able to develop trust and openness in sessions by creating an environment that feels very "down-to-earth" and human. If this is your vibe, check us out! sanitycenter.org
(623) 323-3921 View (623) 323-3921
Photo of Krista Hopkins, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Krista Hopkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85382  (Online Only)
I am deeply committed to journeying alongside individuals through life's diverse challenges, pains, growth, and healing. I believe in the transformative power of human connection, vulnerability, and personal effort to fostering growth. My aim is to assist you in discovering your passions, purpose, and how to attain them! In my practice, I specialize in helping people find relief from relationship challenges, disconnection from self, trauma, anxiety and depression. We can do this through exploring internal narratives, unhelpful beliefs, and how you navigate your world.
I am deeply committed to journeying alongside individuals through life's diverse challenges, pains, growth, and healing. I believe in the transformative power of human connection, vulnerability, and personal effort to fostering growth. My aim is to assist you in discovering your passions, purpose, and how to attain them! In my practice, I specialize in helping people find relief from relationship challenges, disconnection from self, trauma, anxiety and depression. We can do this through exploring internal narratives, unhelpful beliefs, and how you navigate your world.
(623) 323-2087 View (623) 323-2087
Photo of Stanley James Savoia, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stanley James Savoia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Peoria, AZ 85382  (Online Only)
I am a licensed professional counselor with a master’s degree in clinical Mental Health Counseling from Ottawa University. I specialize in treating issues related to trauma and abuse, substance abuse, depression and anxiety. My goal is for you to leave each therapy session with hope and feeling empowered. I want you to know that feeling better is possible for you and change can last.
I am a licensed professional counselor with a master’s degree in clinical Mental Health Counseling from Ottawa University. I specialize in treating issues related to trauma and abuse, substance abuse, depression and anxiety. My goal is for you to leave each therapy session with hope and feeling empowered. I want you to know that feeling better is possible for you and change can last.
(928) 706-1306 View (928) 706-1306
Photo of Nicole Richardson, MS, LAC, &Coach, Counselor
Nicole Richardson
Counselor, MS, LAC, &Coach
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Peoria, AZ 85383  (Online Only)
Asking for help shows your strength. You are navigating life’s challenges and you don’t have to do it alone. You find yourself constantly grappling with thoughts that spin endlessly, making you feel stuck in survival mode and never quite good enough. Your relationships or family dynamics seem strained, leaving you yearning for meaningful connections and a renewed sense of self. On top of that, the pressures of your career or feelings of imposter syndrome add to your stress, making it hard to find balance. Despite trying to improve and move forward, you feel like you're always battling the same issues without making real progress.
Asking for help shows your strength. You are navigating life’s challenges and you don’t have to do it alone. You find yourself constantly grappling with thoughts that spin endlessly, making you feel stuck in survival mode and never quite good enough. Your relationships or family dynamics seem strained, leaving you yearning for meaningful connections and a renewed sense of self. On top of that, the pressures of your career or feelings of imposter syndrome add to your stress, making it hard to find balance. Despite trying to improve and move forward, you feel like you're always battling the same issues without making real progress.
(928) 378-3136 View (928) 378-3136
1
Christian Therapists

Why is it important for a therapist to be culturally sensitive?

Therapists and clients don’t need to share the same belief system or background to be able to work effectively together, but a therapist whose training includes a focus on cultural competence may be better able to form a therapeutic bond with individuals from a range of backgrounds, as they will have experience in tailoring their approach to each client—and will be prepared to acknowledge and consider the effects of culture, religion, and other factors on each individual.

Why is it important to find a therapist sensitive to Christian values?

Each person brings a unique history and background to therapy, making it important to find a licensed therapist who is trained in a broad range of treatment modalities. In addition, for people who grow up in a faith tradition that strongly influences the way they conduct their everyday life, finding a therapist who understands or shares that background can ease the disclosure of sensitive information and facilitate the therapeutic process. For some clients, a Christian therapist is likely to incorporate faith-based principles into emotional healing techniques.

How do I recognize an effective Christian therapist?

Christian therapists are licensed mental health professionals—holding a master’s or doctoral degree in medicine, nursing, psychology, counseling, social work, or marriage and family therapy—who are also familiar with Christian beliefs and values. They have an understanding of the importance that Christian principles play in the lives of individuals and families, which allows them to be especially sensitive to the kinds of struggles that can affect daily functioning. Like all effective therapists, a Christian therapist will have undergone training and certification in a variety of treatment modalities that help people through crises and enable them to master the challenges of life.

Why might someone feel comfortable with a Christian therapist?

While training, qualifications, and experience are always important, research has long established that a strong alliance between client and therapist is a major contributor to therapeutic success. An alliance is likely to be strengthened with a therapist who not only is responsive to questions and concerns but also shares a client’s faith and values. Sensitivity to spiritual matters as well as to everyday struggles can provide a welcome sense of safety and contribute to the bond between client and therapist, both of which support the therapeutic process.

Who is included in Psychology Today’s directory of Christian therapists?

The directory of Christian therapists includes professionals who have shared their background in their profiles. However, not all therapists choose to disclose this information, and they may not appear in search results for this reason. The directory also shows therapists who indicate that they have extensive experience working with Christian clients, regardless of their own background or religious affiliation.