Therapists in Bend, OR

Photo of Paige Edwards, CSWA, BS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Paige Edwards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSWA, BS
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703
Hi! My name is Paige and I work at Broken Top Counseling. I work with teens and adults who need a space to authentically explore what is hard for them. The clients I see desire to experience more connection with themselves and others. There are barriers that inhibit them from this connection, including depression, low self worth or self esteem, addiction, eating disorders/body dysmorphia, anxiety, or PTSD. Together we can courageously sift through past and present and take inventory of self, in order to keep what is important and let go of what is not.
Hi! My name is Paige and I work at Broken Top Counseling. I work with teens and adults who need a space to authentically explore what is hard for them. The clients I see desire to experience more connection with themselves and others. There are barriers that inhibit them from this connection, including depression, low self worth or self esteem, addiction, eating disorders/body dysmorphia, anxiety, or PTSD. Together we can courageously sift through past and present and take inventory of self, in order to keep what is important and let go of what is not.
(458) 235-4254 View (458) 235-4254
Photo of Chrissi Marken - Chrissi Marken, LPC, MS, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Chrissi Marken, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97703
Not accepting new clients
I believe that all people are wired for connection. We want to be at peace with ourselves, and we want to feel secure in our relationships. However, life experiences, and how we make sense of them, often get in our way. My work as a counselor is to help clients of all ages see themselves and their world more clearly, by cutting through the negative messaging and reconnecting with their wise self. This is done with an attitude of compassionate, even playful, curiosity, recognizing we are all figuring it out as we go.
I believe that all people are wired for connection. We want to be at peace with ourselves, and we want to feel secure in our relationships. However, life experiences, and how we make sense of them, often get in our way. My work as a counselor is to help clients of all ages see themselves and their world more clearly, by cutting through the negative messaging and reconnecting with their wise self. This is done with an attitude of compassionate, even playful, curiosity, recognizing we are all figuring it out as we go.
(541) 615-9045 View (541) 615-9045
Photo of Deborah Taylor, MC, NCC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Deborah Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701  (Online Only)
Do you struggle to live your life to the fullest? Have you tried several things and still feel like you want more? Counseling can be an opportunity to gain insight, increase motivation and discover your strengths. There are different ways of thinking, feeling and behaving to increase awareness and find the road to lasting wellness. Together we can create healthy coping strategies, positive social connections, self-esteem and confidence in a safe, non-judgmental environment.
Do you struggle to live your life to the fullest? Have you tried several things and still feel like you want more? Counseling can be an opportunity to gain insight, increase motivation and discover your strengths. There are different ways of thinking, feeling and behaving to increase awareness and find the road to lasting wellness. Together we can create healthy coping strategies, positive social connections, self-esteem and confidence in a safe, non-judgmental environment.
(541) 640-5232 View (541) 640-5232
Photo of Elysia Oliver, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Elysia Oliver
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97702  (Online Only)
Sometimes we get stuck. We’ve done everything we know to help ourselves, then comes a time when we need some extra support to figure out the rest. Counseling can be a place to gain clarity about what you're going through and learn how to be your most true and thriving self. I often support individuals and families struggling with anxiety, anger, relationship problems, depression, trauma, and transitions in their lives.
Sometimes we get stuck. We’ve done everything we know to help ourselves, then comes a time when we need some extra support to figure out the rest. Counseling can be a place to gain clarity about what you're going through and learn how to be your most true and thriving self. I often support individuals and families struggling with anxiety, anger, relationship problems, depression, trauma, and transitions in their lives.
(541) 640-3031 View (541) 640-3031
Photo of Rachel Frank, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Rachel Frank
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97702
I compassionately welcome those working through life transitions, experiencing depression, anxiety, and those who have been impacted by the effects of traumatic experiences. Often times individuals struggling are feeling disconnected from their authentic self, their creativity, and spirituality. As well as feeling disconnected from family/friends, romantic partners, and communities. I am passionate about working with individuals to find/regain their light, love, vitality, and connection.
I compassionately welcome those working through life transitions, experiencing depression, anxiety, and those who have been impacted by the effects of traumatic experiences. Often times individuals struggling are feeling disconnected from their authentic self, their creativity, and spirituality. As well as feeling disconnected from family/friends, romantic partners, and communities. I am passionate about working with individuals to find/regain their light, love, vitality, and connection.
(541) 610-9036 View (541) 610-9036
Photo of Kerri Hanlon, MA, LPC, CADCIII, MAC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kerri Hanlon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CADCIII, MAC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703
I see my role as that of a trained guide whose job is to help clients notice, interpret and work with whatever they encounter on their own unique path of change. My intention is to create a safe, open and supportive space for clients to explore, gain new perspectives and to help empower in the process of reflection, growth and healing.
I see my role as that of a trained guide whose job is to help clients notice, interpret and work with whatever they encounter on their own unique path of change. My intention is to create a safe, open and supportive space for clients to explore, gain new perspectives and to help empower in the process of reflection, growth and healing.
(541) 727-0545 View (541) 727-0545
Photo of Stephanie Tadjiki, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Stephanie Tadjiki
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel stuck? Do you want to change the way you move through the world, and do you want someone to walk alongside you on your journey? Change is deeply personal, and requires a safe place to explore the reasons why you can't figure out how to move forward. I would be honored to provide that space and to journey with you. Let me help you gain a deeper awareness of yourself and in the process, discover inner joy.
Do you feel stuck? Do you want to change the way you move through the world, and do you want someone to walk alongside you on your journey? Change is deeply personal, and requires a safe place to explore the reasons why you can't figure out how to move forward. I would be honored to provide that space and to journey with you. Let me help you gain a deeper awareness of yourself and in the process, discover inner joy.
(458) 217-5142 View (458) 217-5142
Photo of Devora Lee Rubin, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Devora Lee Rubin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97702
I offer Telehealth and in person counseling sessions. I have 25 years of mental health and addiction experience working with children, teenagers, couples, adults, and families. I use a Family Systems approach to treatment including a variety of modalities with special focus on teaching the art of mindfulness called dialectical behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. I have successfully helped clients to resolve serious life problems, return to optimal functioning, meet personal and career goals, improve many intimate relationships, and to help persons to build new life skills necessary for self improvement.
I offer Telehealth and in person counseling sessions. I have 25 years of mental health and addiction experience working with children, teenagers, couples, adults, and families. I use a Family Systems approach to treatment including a variety of modalities with special focus on teaching the art of mindfulness called dialectical behavioral therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. I have successfully helped clients to resolve serious life problems, return to optimal functioning, meet personal and career goals, improve many intimate relationships, and to help persons to build new life skills necessary for self improvement.
(458) 216-2522 View (458) 216-2522
Photo of Alexia Spanos - Spanos Psychological Clinic LLC, PhD, Psychologist
Spanos Psychological Clinic LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about providing evidence-based, speciality mental health care to Central Oregon. Evidence-based treatments are those that have undergone rigorous scientific evaluation. They have been well-studied and require empirical data to support their use. My approach to therapy involves building a strong relationship with the client, and engaging them to take an active role in their own treatment. Treatment goals are decided collaboratively and worked on both in session and between sessions with clear goals in mind. I aim to get you back to the things you love in your life, with minimal interference from symptoms.
I am passionate about providing evidence-based, speciality mental health care to Central Oregon. Evidence-based treatments are those that have undergone rigorous scientific evaluation. They have been well-studied and require empirical data to support their use. My approach to therapy involves building a strong relationship with the client, and engaging them to take an active role in their own treatment. Treatment goals are decided collaboratively and worked on both in session and between sessions with clear goals in mind. I aim to get you back to the things you love in your life, with minimal interference from symptoms.
(458) 214-8656 View (458) 214-8656
Photo of Ian Nathanael Richard, MA, EdS
Ian Nathanael Richard
Professional Counselor Associate, MA, EdS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97703
I am currently accepting new clients in person and via telehealth! I specialize in working with couples, LGBTQI+ individuals, and anyone navigating a change in religion or spirituality. In addition, I welcome all people from adolescents to adults who are struggling with mental health concerns including anxiety, depression, trauma, adjustment, or simply struggles with everyday life. I am excited to work with people of all intersectional identities, including people of all ages, races, gender identities, sexual orientations, religious orientations, and ethnicities.
I am currently accepting new clients in person and via telehealth! I specialize in working with couples, LGBTQI+ individuals, and anyone navigating a change in religion or spirituality. In addition, I welcome all people from adolescents to adults who are struggling with mental health concerns including anxiety, depression, trauma, adjustment, or simply struggles with everyday life. I am excited to work with people of all intersectional identities, including people of all ages, races, gender identities, sexual orientations, religious orientations, and ethnicities.
(458) 314-1617 View (458) 314-1617
Photo of Michelle Boulanger, LPCA, MCoun
Michelle Boulanger
Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA, MCoun
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703
I aim to support my clients in exploring what is meaningful to them, building awareness of emotions, using skills to work through challenging situations, and reintegrating new information to better adjust to feeling safe in the here and now. I believe that my clients are the experts of their lives, and each person has their own pace for healing.
I aim to support my clients in exploring what is meaningful to them, building awareness of emotions, using skills to work through challenging situations, and reintegrating new information to better adjust to feeling safe in the here and now. I believe that my clients are the experts of their lives, and each person has their own pace for healing.
(458) 236-5818 View (458) 236-5818
Photo of Gianni Elizabeth - Loveology, LLC, MSW, CSWA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Loveology, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, CSWA
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97702
Navigating life alone is never easy. We all need a special someone to share our stories. If you are looking for a kind and compassionate individual to help you lay the ground for a healing journey, don't hesitate to call. My therapeutic approach has a holistic framework that promotes the wellness of families and individuals, using the Whole Person Model, which addresses eight Dimensions of Wellness; Emotional, Environmental, Financial, Intellectual, Occupational, Physical, Social, and Spiritual.
Navigating life alone is never easy. We all need a special someone to share our stories. If you are looking for a kind and compassionate individual to help you lay the ground for a healing journey, don't hesitate to call. My therapeutic approach has a holistic framework that promotes the wellness of families and individuals, using the Whole Person Model, which addresses eight Dimensions of Wellness; Emotional, Environmental, Financial, Intellectual, Occupational, Physical, Social, and Spiritual.
(458) 219-8248 View (458) 219-8248
Photo of Ben Huff, MCoun, NCC
Ben Huff
Professional Counselor Associate, MCoun, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97703
Waitlist for new clients
All therapists have a philosophy about the nature of people, problems, and how change happens. I believe people have a natural tendency to grow and expand when offered safety and support. People can become "stuck" when ways of relating to self and to others prevent growth. Often our most early relationships shape how we see ourselves, others, the world and our felt sense of confidence in how we might navigate it. "Stuckness" for my clients may look many different ways including, anxiety, stress, depression and/or relationship distress. No matter where you are at, you are the expert of your experience, and all of you is welcome.
All therapists have a philosophy about the nature of people, problems, and how change happens. I believe people have a natural tendency to grow and expand when offered safety and support. People can become "stuck" when ways of relating to self and to others prevent growth. Often our most early relationships shape how we see ourselves, others, the world and our felt sense of confidence in how we might navigate it. "Stuckness" for my clients may look many different ways including, anxiety, stress, depression and/or relationship distress. No matter where you are at, you are the expert of your experience, and all of you is welcome.
(458) 204-0145 View (458) 204-0145
Photo of Linnetta R Cooley, LCSW, RPT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Linnetta R Cooley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bend, OR 97702
Unconditional empathy and understanding are rare in this world, and yet we all need both. I recognizes change is difficult but believes people have a strength and the ability greater than they realize to move through difficult times and heal. My goal is to cultivate a supportive and healing environment in which clients feel seen, secure, and protected. My focus is on a person’s potential and not problematic behaviors. My approach provides the space for individuals to step into a growth mindset, gain insight, belief in themself, and opportunity to appreciate their uniqueness.
Unconditional empathy and understanding are rare in this world, and yet we all need both. I recognizes change is difficult but believes people have a strength and the ability greater than they realize to move through difficult times and heal. My goal is to cultivate a supportive and healing environment in which clients feel seen, secure, and protected. My focus is on a person’s potential and not problematic behaviors. My approach provides the space for individuals to step into a growth mindset, gain insight, belief in themself, and opportunity to appreciate their uniqueness.
(458) 230-5294 View (458) 230-5294
Photo of Steve Pavlovich, CADC, MBA, Drug & Alcohol Counselor
Steve Pavlovich
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CADC, MBA
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703
I am a retired high tech executive who has embarked on a career as a life coach specializing in addiction counseling. As a State-certified counselor, I’ve helped men from 20 to 60 years of age and from many backgrounds. However, having worked in the corporate world, I’m uniquely qualified to help people struggling with substance abuse in high pressure environments. Addiction is a secondary issue in my view. The problem is most people approach life in a reactive, rather than proactive mode. This usually results in sub-optimal outcomes. I will help you with personal and professional life planning to get your life on track.
I am a retired high tech executive who has embarked on a career as a life coach specializing in addiction counseling. As a State-certified counselor, I’ve helped men from 20 to 60 years of age and from many backgrounds. However, having worked in the corporate world, I’m uniquely qualified to help people struggling with substance abuse in high pressure environments. Addiction is a secondary issue in my view. The problem is most people approach life in a reactive, rather than proactive mode. This usually results in sub-optimal outcomes. I will help you with personal and professional life planning to get your life on track.
(541) 305-7714 View (541) 305-7714
Photo of Dena R Persell, LCSW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dena R Persell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
Finding someone to speak with and asking for help is a courageous step. I understand how it can be to share personal information with someone you have just met and I will hold this position with respect. Many people come to therapy for support with anxiety, depression, stress, loss and relationship issues. For some, therapy is more about understanding themselves, changing patterns of behavior that are outdated and they are making efforts to move forward. Therapy is not about advice giving, although many times, problem solving is part of the process. Change seems more likely when there is someone listening to us and we feel encouraged. It's also useful to speak with someone who has knowledge of the most effective strategies for change. It is my hope that whatever your reason for seeking therapy, together we can create a useful experience for you.
Finding someone to speak with and asking for help is a courageous step. I understand how it can be to share personal information with someone you have just met and I will hold this position with respect. Many people come to therapy for support with anxiety, depression, stress, loss and relationship issues. For some, therapy is more about understanding themselves, changing patterns of behavior that are outdated and they are making efforts to move forward. Therapy is not about advice giving, although many times, problem solving is part of the process. Change seems more likely when there is someone listening to us and we feel encouraged. It's also useful to speak with someone who has knowledge of the most effective strategies for change. It is my hope that whatever your reason for seeking therapy, together we can create a useful experience for you.
(541) 640-5148 View (541) 640-5148
Photo of Will Grove, CMHC, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Will Grove
Licensed Professional Counselor, CMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97703
I generally hold the hope that my clients will find more joy in life, feel more settled, and cultivate the ability to listen to and express their own voices. Much of the modern world serves to separate people from their own instincts, the good in you that knows what you need better than I ever could. To that end, I believe in an eclectic theoretical approach, one that draws on a wide range of perspectives including humanist/existential philosophy, Jungian psychodynamics, attachment theory, trauma-informed and client-centered practice, because I believe people are eclectic.
I generally hold the hope that my clients will find more joy in life, feel more settled, and cultivate the ability to listen to and express their own voices. Much of the modern world serves to separate people from their own instincts, the good in you that knows what you need better than I ever could. To that end, I believe in an eclectic theoretical approach, one that draws on a wide range of perspectives including humanist/existential philosophy, Jungian psychodynamics, attachment theory, trauma-informed and client-centered practice, because I believe people are eclectic.
(458) 854-8065 View (458) 854-8065
Photo of Eric Stern, MEd, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Eric Stern
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
I believe that collaboration between the client and the therapist is a crucial part of the therapeutic process. I draw from a variety of empirically supported treatments, primarily utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which replaces ineffective patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors with new constructive ones. My approach helps client’s feel “unstuck” and begin to develop new coping skills and tools for change. Lets work together to create ways of thinking and feeling.
I believe that collaboration between the client and the therapist is a crucial part of the therapeutic process. I draw from a variety of empirically supported treatments, primarily utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy which replaces ineffective patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors with new constructive ones. My approach helps client’s feel “unstuck” and begin to develop new coping skills and tools for change. Lets work together to create ways of thinking and feeling.
(541) 402-5760 View (541) 402-5760
Photo of Wendy E Laakmann, PhD, Psychologist
Wendy E Laakmann
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
I am a pediatric neuropsychologist specializing in consultation, assessment and diagnosis of children of all ages. Appropriate referral issues include autism, learning disabilities, developmental disorders, traumatic brain injury, medically fragile children, premature birth and development, attention deficit disorder, trauma, adoption, and attachment issues.
I am a pediatric neuropsychologist specializing in consultation, assessment and diagnosis of children of all ages. Appropriate referral issues include autism, learning disabilities, developmental disorders, traumatic brain injury, medically fragile children, premature birth and development, attention deficit disorder, trauma, adoption, and attachment issues.
(541) 526-7758 View (541) 526-7758
Photo of Jessica (Jess) Marcev, MSW, LCSW, RYT, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica (Jess) Marcev
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
Bend, OR 97701
I am HOSTING a Small Therapy GROUP - "Coming HOME to the BODY After TRAUMA" - in SUMMER/FALL. Reach out with interest or questions! Welcome. I believe we are innately healing beings and internally have what we need to heal. Within each of us is a deep knowing of who we truly are, what really matters to us, and our life’s purpose. Yet, in this human life, we inevitably encounter traumas, and it's easy to lose our connection to the inner knowing of our hearts. We may feel lost, disconnected, unlovable, or angry. As a therapist, my intention is to join alongside you on your healing journey and help you reconnect to you.
I am HOSTING a Small Therapy GROUP - "Coming HOME to the BODY After TRAUMA" - in SUMMER/FALL. Reach out with interest or questions! Welcome. I believe we are innately healing beings and internally have what we need to heal. Within each of us is a deep knowing of who we truly are, what really matters to us, and our life’s purpose. Yet, in this human life, we inevitably encounter traumas, and it's easy to lose our connection to the inner knowing of our hearts. We may feel lost, disconnected, unlovable, or angry. As a therapist, my intention is to join alongside you on your healing journey and help you reconnect to you.
(458) 235-4475 View (458) 235-4475
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bend, OR

700+

Average cost per session

$167

Therapists in Bend, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Trauma and PTSD
76% Self Esteem
75% Stress
69% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% PacificSource
52% Oregon Health Plan (OHP)
44% Aetna

How Therapists in Bend, OR see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bend?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.