Therapists in Maryland

View cities and counties in Maryland
Photo of Melissa Watson-Clark, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Melissa Watson-Clark
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Upper Marlboro, MD 20774  (Online Only)
Do you feel disconnected with no support? Are you experiencing a big change or life transition that you are struggling to manage or get through? I will work with you to identify the obstacles preventing you from experiencing the life you want. Together we will explore the meaning of change and create strategies that help you recognize and overcome the automatic thoughts that are keeping you frozen in place. I work with adults who want to lead lives free from the inner conflict trapping them in a cycle of fear, anxiety, depression, dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem.
Do you feel disconnected with no support? Are you experiencing a big change or life transition that you are struggling to manage or get through? I will work with you to identify the obstacles preventing you from experiencing the life you want. Together we will explore the meaning of change and create strategies that help you recognize and overcome the automatic thoughts that are keeping you frozen in place. I work with adults who want to lead lives free from the inner conflict trapping them in a cycle of fear, anxiety, depression, dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem.
(410) 983-6796 View (410) 983-6796
Alison Dodd
MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Kensington, MD 20895
I am a SPACE Treatment trained therapist committed to supporting parents and children navigate anxiety disorders. My work also focuses on supporting children and young adults with mood disorder diagnoses. I believe the client-therapist relationship is paramount to successful therapy and prioritize building rapport with clients in order to create a safe environment that allows for authentic healing and corrective emotional experiences. I enjoy helping clients gain the confidence,and skills needed to navigate life's challenges.
I am a SPACE Treatment trained therapist committed to supporting parents and children navigate anxiety disorders. My work also focuses on supporting children and young adults with mood disorder diagnoses. I believe the client-therapist relationship is paramount to successful therapy and prioritize building rapport with clients in order to create a safe environment that allows for authentic healing and corrective emotional experiences. I enjoy helping clients gain the confidence,and skills needed to navigate life's challenges.
(301) 298-2414 View (301) 298-2414
Photo of Julsey Capon Roach, MS, LCPC, NCC
Julsey Capon Roach
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
My greatest passion in life is helping children, adolescents, and young adults navigate their own therapeutic journey. As a neurodiversity affirming therapist, I focus less on problematic behaviors and more on identifying unmet needs and lagging skills. I am strong believer that children are not intentionally giving their parents/teachers/caregivers a hard time, but rather they are having a hard time. As Dr. Ross Green states, "kids do well if they can."
My greatest passion in life is helping children, adolescents, and young adults navigate their own therapeutic journey. As a neurodiversity affirming therapist, I focus less on problematic behaviors and more on identifying unmet needs and lagging skills. I am strong believer that children are not intentionally giving their parents/teachers/caregivers a hard time, but rather they are having a hard time. As Dr. Ross Green states, "kids do well if they can."
(301) 799-3753 View (301) 799-3753
Photo of Meg Cocco - Cocco Mental Health and Wellness, MSW, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Cocco Mental Health and Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Annapolis, MD 21401
Megan Cocco, LCSW-C, has 9 years of private practice experience treating adolescents and adults with a variety of circumstances including ADHD, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, life transitions, grief and loss, relationship issues and trauma. Megan has experience working with the LGBTQIA+ community and provides a safe and comfortable therapy environment. Megan attended the University of Maryland School of Social Work in Baltimore, Maryland and graduated with her Master's of Social Work (MSW) in 2013. Megan is also a Board approved supervisor.
Megan Cocco, LCSW-C, has 9 years of private practice experience treating adolescents and adults with a variety of circumstances including ADHD, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, life transitions, grief and loss, relationship issues and trauma. Megan has experience working with the LGBTQIA+ community and provides a safe and comfortable therapy environment. Megan attended the University of Maryland School of Social Work in Baltimore, Maryland and graduated with her Master's of Social Work (MSW) in 2013. Megan is also a Board approved supervisor.
(667) 274-0902 View (667) 274-0902
Photo of Natasha Charles McQueen, LCPC, NCC, RPA, Psychological Associate
Natasha Charles McQueen
Psychological Associate, LCPC, NCC, RPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Owings Mills, MD 21117
Apprehensive about therapy? It is normal to be nervous or anxious before attending a therapy session, especially your first one. You are not alone! It is great you are considering therapy, acting on the desire to find a safe space that would allow you to identify, describe, learn, and better cope with challenging situations, behaviors, and emotions. Many people do not know what to expect from their first session and feel ambivalent or apprehension about beginning the counseling process or starting over with someone new. Do not allow fears about the unknown or issues with trust to delay/prevent you from getting help.
Apprehensive about therapy? It is normal to be nervous or anxious before attending a therapy session, especially your first one. You are not alone! It is great you are considering therapy, acting on the desire to find a safe space that would allow you to identify, describe, learn, and better cope with challenging situations, behaviors, and emotions. Many people do not know what to expect from their first session and feel ambivalent or apprehension about beginning the counseling process or starting over with someone new. Do not allow fears about the unknown or issues with trust to delay/prevent you from getting help.
(443) 233-0488 View (443) 233-0488
Photo of True Blue Dbt Program (Starting July 1 2024), LCSW-C, LMSW, LGPC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
True Blue Dbt Program (Starting July 1 2024)
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LMSW, LGPC
Verified Verified
Waldorf, MD 20602
True Blue Behavioral Health provides a comprehensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) program. The program includes weekly individual therapy and group skills training sessions, as-needed phone coaching for additional support, and therapist consultation (therapists only). DTB is an evidence-based treatment designed to treat individuals who struggle with emotion regulation difficulties, engage in problem behaviors such as suicidal behaviors, non-suicidal self-injury, or individuals who may have difficulties with depression, anxiety, substance use, eating disorders, borderline personality or have a history of traumatic experiences.
True Blue Behavioral Health provides a comprehensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) program. The program includes weekly individual therapy and group skills training sessions, as-needed phone coaching for additional support, and therapist consultation (therapists only). DTB is an evidence-based treatment designed to treat individuals who struggle with emotion regulation difficulties, engage in problem behaviors such as suicidal behaviors, non-suicidal self-injury, or individuals who may have difficulties with depression, anxiety, substance use, eating disorders, borderline personality or have a history of traumatic experiences.
(301) 923-4218 View (301) 923-4218
Photo of Kristen Norris, LCPC, Counselor
Kristen Norris
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Towson, MD 21204
I specialize in helping adults who struggle with challenges spanning from early adulthood, to pregnancy and postpartum-related issues, and beyond. Change can be difficult, but it is attainable. Collaboratively, I help my clients through the use of evidence-based treatments to find ways to manage stress, anxiety, sadness, and despair. I also have over 13 years of experience treating eating disorders at various levels of care.
I specialize in helping adults who struggle with challenges spanning from early adulthood, to pregnancy and postpartum-related issues, and beyond. Change can be difficult, but it is attainable. Collaboratively, I help my clients through the use of evidence-based treatments to find ways to manage stress, anxiety, sadness, and despair. I also have over 13 years of experience treating eating disorders at various levels of care.
(443) 323-0048 View (443) 323-0048
Photo of Michelle Penka, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle Penka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Bel Air, MD 21014
I’d be honored to serve you and to encourage you, someone made in the image of God with inconceivable value. My therapeutic approach is grounded in the Biblical principles that can provide hope, redemption, grace, and strength to everyone who believes in them. The truth is, God has loved us from all from the beginning of creation, but due to sin (that is, going against God’s good and moral character in our actions and choices), all of mankind became separated from God, our Creator, who is the ultimate good and strength for our lives.
I’d be honored to serve you and to encourage you, someone made in the image of God with inconceivable value. My therapeutic approach is grounded in the Biblical principles that can provide hope, redemption, grace, and strength to everyone who believes in them. The truth is, God has loved us from all from the beginning of creation, but due to sin (that is, going against God’s good and moral character in our actions and choices), all of mankind became separated from God, our Creator, who is the ultimate good and strength for our lives.
(410) 469-1472 View (410) 469-1472
Angela Patterson - Dmc Empowering
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Rosedale, MD 21237
I am a licensed social worker who is committed to providing a safe, non-judgmental, and culturally competent space for my clients to explore complex challenges. I specialize in working with adolescents and young adults from urban communities with a variety of diagnosis including anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma-related stressors, and substance-use related disorders. Clients may experience a variety of challenges consisting of managing anxiety and depression symptoms, relationships with others (family, romantic, friends, etc), recovering from traumatic events, academic challenges, and grief & loss recovery.
I am a licensed social worker who is committed to providing a safe, non-judgmental, and culturally competent space for my clients to explore complex challenges. I specialize in working with adolescents and young adults from urban communities with a variety of diagnosis including anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma-related stressors, and substance-use related disorders. Clients may experience a variety of challenges consisting of managing anxiety and depression symptoms, relationships with others (family, romantic, friends, etc), recovering from traumatic events, academic challenges, and grief & loss recovery.
(443) 381-0963 View (443) 381-0963
Photo of Beth Kemmerer Vincent, MHS, MS, LCPC, Counselor
Beth Kemmerer Vincent
Counselor, MHS, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Baltimore, MD 21210
I am a licensed psychotherapist who works with adults and older adolescents facing anxiety, life transitions, stress and relationship issues. I help clients understand the challenges they face and make changes that improve their quality of life. In my experience, this process helps individuals develop greater self esteem, improve communication skills, feel happier and gain a sense of hope.
I am a licensed psychotherapist who works with adults and older adolescents facing anxiety, life transitions, stress and relationship issues. I help clients understand the challenges they face and make changes that improve their quality of life. In my experience, this process helps individuals develop greater self esteem, improve communication skills, feel happier and gain a sense of hope.
(443) 295-6134 View (443) 295-6134
Photo of Kelly Streit, LCPC
Kelly Streit
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MD 21045
Hi, I am Kelly. I'm an action-oriented trauma therapist that helps people feel the way they would like to feel. If your childhood was especially painful, you want to feel differently and you're ready for change, setting boundaries feels difficult and you feel overwhelmed by your day-to-day tasks, I am the therapist for you. I'm skilled in assisting adults ages 24+, who are experiencing challenges related to parenting guilt, anxiety, insomnia, grief, phobias, as well as have a special interest in PTSD, childhood trauma and working with veterans.
Hi, I am Kelly. I'm an action-oriented trauma therapist that helps people feel the way they would like to feel. If your childhood was especially painful, you want to feel differently and you're ready for change, setting boundaries feels difficult and you feel overwhelmed by your day-to-day tasks, I am the therapist for you. I'm skilled in assisting adults ages 24+, who are experiencing challenges related to parenting guilt, anxiety, insomnia, grief, phobias, as well as have a special interest in PTSD, childhood trauma and working with veterans.
(443) 494-2217 View (443) 494-2217
Photo of Mark L Smiley, MS, MDiv, NCC, LCPC
Mark L Smiley
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, MDiv, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Parkville, MD 21234
Not accepting new clients
“Life is difficult." So reads the first line of M. Scott Peck's classic book, "The Road Less Traveled," and so it is in our own lives. All of us have to travel difficult roads, and there are times during which we need companions on the journey. I am grateful to be in a position in which I can journey alongside my clients to help them cope, heal, and become stronger and more resilient. Depending on the needs of my clients, I use a blend of therapeutic theories and methods including those of cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness meditation, psychodynamic, and EMDR.
“Life is difficult." So reads the first line of M. Scott Peck's classic book, "The Road Less Traveled," and so it is in our own lives. All of us have to travel difficult roads, and there are times during which we need companions on the journey. I am grateful to be in a position in which I can journey alongside my clients to help them cope, heal, and become stronger and more resilient. Depending on the needs of my clients, I use a blend of therapeutic theories and methods including those of cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness meditation, psychodynamic, and EMDR.
(443) 960-8110 View (443) 960-8110
Photo of Amber Norville, MSW, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amber Norville
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21704  (Online Only)
Do you feel lost? Angry? Overwhelmed? Isolated? I'm here to help you. I am enthusiastic about working with women who are experiencing anxiety, depression, chronic illnesses, postpartum depression/anxiety, and navigating modern motherhood, and work-life "balance" (is there EVER really complete balance?). I am kind, but no nonsense in my approach. I no longer conduct free consultations. For faster response, please email to schedule your intake session. Intake sessions are only scheduled when ALL paperwork and insurance verification are completed. No exceptions made. I work with clients via telehealth ONLY at this time.
Do you feel lost? Angry? Overwhelmed? Isolated? I'm here to help you. I am enthusiastic about working with women who are experiencing anxiety, depression, chronic illnesses, postpartum depression/anxiety, and navigating modern motherhood, and work-life "balance" (is there EVER really complete balance?). I am kind, but no nonsense in my approach. I no longer conduct free consultations. For faster response, please email to schedule your intake session. Intake sessions are only scheduled when ALL paperwork and insurance verification are completed. No exceptions made. I work with clients via telehealth ONLY at this time.
(910) 469-4402 View (910) 469-4402
Photo of Maricielo Saldarriaga, LPC Intern
Maricielo Saldarriaga
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
Towson, MD 21286
Maricielo Saldarriaga (Cielo), emphasizes the importance of trust and open communication. She sees herself not as a guide but as a partner in her client’s healing journey providing the tools and insights necessary to foster resilience and lasting change. Fluent in English and Spanish, Maricielo brings a multicultural perspective to her practice, allowing her to connect with a diverse range of clients. Maricielo strongly believes in the power of collaboration, working hand-in-hand with her clients as they embark in their personal journey toward healing and growth. Her approach is empathetic, grounded with genuine compassion,
Maricielo Saldarriaga (Cielo), emphasizes the importance of trust and open communication. She sees herself not as a guide but as a partner in her client’s healing journey providing the tools and insights necessary to foster resilience and lasting change. Fluent in English and Spanish, Maricielo brings a multicultural perspective to her practice, allowing her to connect with a diverse range of clients. Maricielo strongly believes in the power of collaboration, working hand-in-hand with her clients as they embark in their personal journey toward healing and growth. Her approach is empathetic, grounded with genuine compassion,
(443) 390-5344 View (443) 390-5344
Photo of Linda F. Gorham, PhD, MDiv, Psychologist
Linda F. Gorham
Psychologist, PhD, MDiv
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Parkton, MD 21120
Do you have concerns about your child's or adolescent's behavior or their relationships at home or at school? Are you struggling to cope with college, work, or family life; illness; transitions; grief or loss? Are you seeking a therapist who recognizes the connection between body, mind, and spirit?
Do you have concerns about your child's or adolescent's behavior or their relationships at home or at school? Are you struggling to cope with college, work, or family life; illness; transitions; grief or loss? Are you seeking a therapist who recognizes the connection between body, mind, and spirit?
(443) 991-8412 View (443) 991-8412
Photo of Lisa K. Smith, MS, LCPC, Counselor
Lisa K. Smith
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Frederick, MD 21702  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You may notice the push-pull of opposing experiences inside your mind at the same time. On one hand, you feel joy, but a part of you also feels sad. Maybe you feel excited, yet something warns you not to get your hopes up because it’ll never work out. Perhaps you love your partner but don't really like them. Or you feel stuck in a job for financial security, but deeply desire change that will allow you to live truer to yourself.
You may notice the push-pull of opposing experiences inside your mind at the same time. On one hand, you feel joy, but a part of you also feels sad. Maybe you feel excited, yet something warns you not to get your hopes up because it’ll never work out. Perhaps you love your partner but don't really like them. Or you feel stuck in a job for financial security, but deeply desire change that will allow you to live truer to yourself.
(240) 451-9036 View (240) 451-9036
Photo of Jasmine J Grant, MA, LCPC-S, CAC-AD
Jasmine J Grant
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC-S, CAC-AD
Verified Verified
Rockville, MD 20852
TELETHERAPY APPOINTMENTS, I have a profound passion to help clients with life events, transitions, challenges, and their personal growth. I provide a safe environment, positive support, and guidance to help you reach your goals. My practice style is an integrative mix of person-centered, solution focused, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavior, and attachment based therapy. The development of a safe and collaborative relationship serves as the foundation for positive and lasting change.
TELETHERAPY APPOINTMENTS, I have a profound passion to help clients with life events, transitions, challenges, and their personal growth. I provide a safe environment, positive support, and guidance to help you reach your goals. My practice style is an integrative mix of person-centered, solution focused, motivational interviewing, cognitive behavior, and attachment based therapy. The development of a safe and collaborative relationship serves as the foundation for positive and lasting change.
(240) 534-1850 View (240) 534-1850
Photo of Diana Taylor Livi, LCSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Diana Taylor Livi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Towson, MD 21204  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are things just not working anymore? Most people get on a website like this when they've reached that point. Whether it's addressing depression, anxiety, or the stress of life transitions, for thirty seven years I've been helping adults, teens, couples and families get their lives back on track - and in some cases, find joy for the very first time.
Are things just not working anymore? Most people get on a website like this when they've reached that point. Whether it's addressing depression, anxiety, or the stress of life transitions, for thirty seven years I've been helping adults, teens, couples and families get their lives back on track - and in some cases, find joy for the very first time.
(443) 838-6075 View (443) 838-6075
Photo of Patti Goohs, LCPC, MA, NCC
Patti Goohs
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Bethesda, MD 20815
I am a mental health counselor specializing in substance abuse and addiction. While my main focus is working with this population, it is extremely common for individuals who find themselves struggling with drugs and/or alcohol to also be riddled with depression, anxiety, ADHD, relational difficulties, and other dually diagnosed illnesses. My ideal client is an adult heterosexual or gay individual who is both curious and willing to explore the reasons underlying their problematic use, because often the drink or the drug, which started out as a simple solution has now become yet another problem to heal!
I am a mental health counselor specializing in substance abuse and addiction. While my main focus is working with this population, it is extremely common for individuals who find themselves struggling with drugs and/or alcohol to also be riddled with depression, anxiety, ADHD, relational difficulties, and other dually diagnosed illnesses. My ideal client is an adult heterosexual or gay individual who is both curious and willing to explore the reasons underlying their problematic use, because often the drink or the drug, which started out as a simple solution has now become yet another problem to heal!
(202) 471-1793 View (202) 471-1793
Photo of Nathan Heydari, MA, Counselor
Nathan Heydari
Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Westminster, MD 21157  (Online Only)
Have you had a hard journey in life? Do you keep finding yourself in the same place, confused about your changing moods, and having difficulty finding stability and understanding in relationships? Are you yearning for a moment of peace (and the ability to allow yourself to be present there)? Maybe you have spent a lot of time meeting the needs of others, and haven't really figured out who you are. I can help you gain perspective on these themes that may be present in your life and to learn how to trust yourself more. I believe you hold the answers within you, and together, we will hold a safe space for you to discover them.
Have you had a hard journey in life? Do you keep finding yourself in the same place, confused about your changing moods, and having difficulty finding stability and understanding in relationships? Are you yearning for a moment of peace (and the ability to allow yourself to be present there)? Maybe you have spent a lot of time meeting the needs of others, and haven't really figured out who you are. I can help you gain perspective on these themes that may be present in your life and to learn how to trust yourself more. I believe you hold the answers within you, and together, we will hold a safe space for you to discover them.
(240) 255-2907 View (240) 255-2907
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How does your Therapist compare?

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Maryland who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
75% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues
68% Coping Skills
67% Stress
65% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% CareFirst
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Maryland see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Maryland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.