Therapists in Liverpool, NY

Photo of Leah Goodcoff, LMHC, NCC, Counselor
Leah Goodcoff
Counselor, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13090
Daytime and Virtual availability! Welcome to my corner of the therapy world! I’m here to help you reach whatever goal brings you to therapy. I work from a person-centered approach, meaning that I believe you probably already have what it takes to tackle what's in front of you, but sometimes we need reinforcement, and there I am. I also draw from other therapeutic approaches as needed, because therapy is far from a “one-theory-fits-all” situation.
Daytime and Virtual availability! Welcome to my corner of the therapy world! I’m here to help you reach whatever goal brings you to therapy. I work from a person-centered approach, meaning that I believe you probably already have what it takes to tackle what's in front of you, but sometimes we need reinforcement, and there I am. I also draw from other therapeutic approaches as needed, because therapy is far from a “one-theory-fits-all” situation.
(315) 599-2956 View (315) 599-2956
Photo of Abigail Young, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Abigail Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13090
Even the strongest among us need someone they can trust to stay objective and compassionate in the face of life's struggles. I have experience in a number of social work roles and have worked with a diverse group of individuals. I continue to welcome clients facing a variety of challenges in their daily lives. You may find a good fit if you are an adult struggling with anxiety, depression, mood regulation, interpersonal issues, intimacy issues, or other unresolved problems. You should expect compassionate assistance in reflecting on your needs and helping you determine ways of coping that are compatible with your lifestyle.
Even the strongest among us need someone they can trust to stay objective and compassionate in the face of life's struggles. I have experience in a number of social work roles and have worked with a diverse group of individuals. I continue to welcome clients facing a variety of challenges in their daily lives. You may find a good fit if you are an adult struggling with anxiety, depression, mood regulation, interpersonal issues, intimacy issues, or other unresolved problems. You should expect compassionate assistance in reflecting on your needs and helping you determine ways of coping that are compatible with your lifestyle.
(315) 902-9155 View (315) 902-9155
Photo of Annaliese Zerafa, LCAT, ATR-BC, CASAC
Annaliese Zerafa
Creative Arts Therapist, LCAT, ATR-BC, CASAC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13090
Life comes with a lot of stressors that can be difficult to manage on our own. My intention is to help individuals become the support system they need, cope with daily stressors, and manage big emotions. My work focuses on using the skills you already have within you and amplifying your ability to be creative; helping to ensure you get the most benefit from your time in therapy. I’m passionate about sparking creativity and working through the therapeutic art process rather than for a product. If you’re interested in trying out art therapy, reach out today so you can and allow yourself to grow through creativity!
Life comes with a lot of stressors that can be difficult to manage on our own. My intention is to help individuals become the support system they need, cope with daily stressors, and manage big emotions. My work focuses on using the skills you already have within you and amplifying your ability to be creative; helping to ensure you get the most benefit from your time in therapy. I’m passionate about sparking creativity and working through the therapeutic art process rather than for a product. If you’re interested in trying out art therapy, reach out today so you can and allow yourself to grow through creativity!
(315) 897-1853 View (315) 897-1853
Photo of Ana Mulroy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ana Mulroy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13088
Because you’re scrolling through these profiles, I already know you’re having a tough time. Chances are you’ve been thinking about trying something different for a while, and you’ve already tried everything else you can think of. Maybe you’ve done this before, but it didn’t work, it wasn’t a good fit, and now you’re struggling to decide how to choose a therapist that can help. I recognize how far you've already come. You have skills, strengths, and strategies within you already, but whereas they have worked in the past, maybe it’s not working anymore.
Because you’re scrolling through these profiles, I already know you’re having a tough time. Chances are you’ve been thinking about trying something different for a while, and you’ve already tried everything else you can think of. Maybe you’ve done this before, but it didn’t work, it wasn’t a good fit, and now you’re struggling to decide how to choose a therapist that can help. I recognize how far you've already come. You have skills, strengths, and strategies within you already, but whereas they have worked in the past, maybe it’s not working anymore.
(315) 843-0478 View (315) 843-0478
Photo of Jenna Crider, RYT, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jenna Crider
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, RYT, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13090
Accepting Clients (at group clinic, too)! Life can be overwhelming, exhausting & disconnecting. Do you feel out of sync, anxious or stressed out? These emotions are valid, & you are not alone. Life throws a lot at us. Worries, stress, fears, anxieties and doubts can pile up. These can be present in any of our our relationships. Do you want to work on things that you long ago put to the side? Past loss & grief, traumatic events or things you said you’d work on but haven’t gotten around to, yet? Gaining new coping skills or learning about yourself in a new way?
Accepting Clients (at group clinic, too)! Life can be overwhelming, exhausting & disconnecting. Do you feel out of sync, anxious or stressed out? These emotions are valid, & you are not alone. Life throws a lot at us. Worries, stress, fears, anxieties and doubts can pile up. These can be present in any of our our relationships. Do you want to work on things that you long ago put to the side? Past loss & grief, traumatic events or things you said you’d work on but haven’t gotten around to, yet? Gaining new coping skills or learning about yourself in a new way?
(315) 306-3673 View (315) 306-3673
Photo of Annemarie Cristino, LCSW, SAP, CEAP, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Annemarie Cristino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, SAP, CEAP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13088  (Online Only)
For over 33 years, I have worked with individuals, couples, and groups to help them manage stress, heal emotional wounds, and bring into awareness past learning that may block happiness today. Individuals want direct but supportive listening and honest feedback. My desire is to gently motivate, educate, and inspire Individuals to establish healthy emotional boundaries. Individuals will feel motivated, educated, and inspired to establish healthy emotional boundaries so that they can positively and productively increase their self-confidence and self-esteem.
For over 33 years, I have worked with individuals, couples, and groups to help them manage stress, heal emotional wounds, and bring into awareness past learning that may block happiness today. Individuals want direct but supportive listening and honest feedback. My desire is to gently motivate, educate, and inspire Individuals to establish healthy emotional boundaries. Individuals will feel motivated, educated, and inspired to establish healthy emotional boundaries so that they can positively and productively increase their self-confidence and self-esteem.
(856) 617-5894 View (856) 617-5894
Photo of Anthony Hueber, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anthony Hueber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13088
Are you feeling scared, sad or stuck but don’t know why? Relationships falling apart because you've been feeling detached, isolated, or numb? Having a hard time taking care of yourself outside of work or school? Overwhelmed and confused by the major changes going on in your life? I'd like to help! I know what it's like to be faced with making changes happen - from both sides of the therapy relationship...believe me, I get it! Opening up and really facing our problems can be scary! You don't have to do this alone! Together we can figure out what you really need and what really matters to you right now so you can stop struggling.
Are you feeling scared, sad or stuck but don’t know why? Relationships falling apart because you've been feeling detached, isolated, or numb? Having a hard time taking care of yourself outside of work or school? Overwhelmed and confused by the major changes going on in your life? I'd like to help! I know what it's like to be faced with making changes happen - from both sides of the therapy relationship...believe me, I get it! Opening up and really facing our problems can be scary! You don't have to do this alone! Together we can figure out what you really need and what really matters to you right now so you can stop struggling.
(315) 220-0343 View (315) 220-0343
Roger D. Howard
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13090
Currently accepting new clients for both in-person and virtual counseling. Working with individuals to work through mental health and addiction concerns. Experienced in helping individuals with a wide range of issues including: depression, anxiety, anger management, major life transitions, identity, grief, relationship stress, and addiction. Have you been asking yourself when things are going to change? Are you left with more questions than answers about your struggles? Are you interested in developing a therapeutic relationship to aide in navigating through these things toward a more fulfilling life?
Currently accepting new clients for both in-person and virtual counseling. Working with individuals to work through mental health and addiction concerns. Experienced in helping individuals with a wide range of issues including: depression, anxiety, anger management, major life transitions, identity, grief, relationship stress, and addiction. Have you been asking yourself when things are going to change? Are you left with more questions than answers about your struggles? Are you interested in developing a therapeutic relationship to aide in navigating through these things toward a more fulfilling life?
(315) 873-2726 View (315) 873-2726
Photo of Dr. Garry Spink, PhD, Psychologist
Dr. Garry Spink
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13089  (Online Only)
Do you struggle with a chronic health condition that affects all aspects of your day-to-day life? Do you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, and worried that there is no light at the end of the tunnel? Have you had a provider gaslight you or insist that "it's all in your head?" Do you hope that your life will get better? More than ever, people with chronic illnesses are feeling frustrated by the countless treatments they have tried which have yielded little to no benefit. They have been dismissed by various providers, and have trying to find a new way in life. Getting better should not be so hard, and I am here to help you get going!
Do you struggle with a chronic health condition that affects all aspects of your day-to-day life? Do you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, and worried that there is no light at the end of the tunnel? Have you had a provider gaslight you or insist that "it's all in your head?" Do you hope that your life will get better? More than ever, people with chronic illnesses are feeling frustrated by the countless treatments they have tried which have yielded little to no benefit. They have been dismissed by various providers, and have trying to find a new way in life. Getting better should not be so hard, and I am here to help you get going!
(315) 961-9959 View (315) 961-9959
Photo of Emily Darbey, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Emily Darbey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Liverpool, NY 13088
Waitlist for new clients
Hi there! I'm Emily and have been working with clients with diverse needs and goals for over 8 years. Some of the challenges I am familiar working with include generalized and social anxiety, depression, Bipolar Disorder, OCD, grief, stress management, life changes/transitions, relationship difficulties, and social skills.
Hi there! I'm Emily and have been working with clients with diverse needs and goals for over 8 years. Some of the challenges I am familiar working with include generalized and social anxiety, depression, Bipolar Disorder, OCD, grief, stress management, life changes/transitions, relationship difficulties, and social skills.
(315) 791-8352 View (315) 791-8352
Photo of Amudalat Fola Lasisi - R&R Therapy Services, LMHC, NCC, CASAC-T
R&R Therapy Services
LMHC, NCC, CASAC-T
Verified Verified
Liverpool, NY 13090
At Restore and Renew Therapy Services, therapy is a collaborative relationship between you and your therapist. Treatment will move at your pace and your therapist will provide a holistic approach, treating the whole person/system and not just the symptom. You will work to resolve ways to improve your overall wellness by engaging in custom interventions best suited for your needs.
At Restore and Renew Therapy Services, therapy is a collaborative relationship between you and your therapist. Treatment will move at your pace and your therapist will provide a holistic approach, treating the whole person/system and not just the symptom. You will work to resolve ways to improve your overall wellness by engaging in custom interventions best suited for your needs.
(315) 677-7330 View (315) 677-7330
Photo of Ashley Barry, LCSWR, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashley Barry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWR
Verified Verified
Liverpool, NY 13088  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you looking for a safe space to take some time to build upon your strengths? Life sometimes throws us things that we are not sure we can handle. It becomes important to have a safe space to work though these things by learning and building upon skills that lead us to be able to handle these things and more.
Are you looking for a safe space to take some time to build upon your strengths? Life sometimes throws us things that we are not sure we can handle. It becomes important to have a safe space to work though these things by learning and building upon skills that lead us to be able to handle these things and more.
(315) 322-7972 View (315) 322-7972
Photo of Kelly Kolodziejski, LCSW-R, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kelly Kolodziejski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13088  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Looking for a therapist is awkward. You already decided to call a professional, and yet the process feels impersonal and stressful. Maybe anxiety flares when you try to dial the phone, or your depression convinces you it’s not worth the effort. Then the "what if’s" show-up. What if they judge me? What if I fall apart and can’t put myself back together? What if this doesn't help? These are valid concerns and finding a therapist who you connect with might seem impossible. Feeling comfortable, safe, and connected to a therapist is not only your right, it's good treatment and my first priority.
Looking for a therapist is awkward. You already decided to call a professional, and yet the process feels impersonal and stressful. Maybe anxiety flares when you try to dial the phone, or your depression convinces you it’s not worth the effort. Then the "what if’s" show-up. What if they judge me? What if I fall apart and can’t put myself back together? What if this doesn't help? These are valid concerns and finding a therapist who you connect with might seem impossible. Feeling comfortable, safe, and connected to a therapist is not only your right, it's good treatment and my first priority.
(315) 871-0126 View (315) 871-0126
Photo of Daisy Ko, LMHC, CCPT, NCC, Counselor
Daisy Ko
Counselor, LMHC, CCPT, NCC
Verified Verified
Liverpool, NY 13088  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
No matter how old you are, life may be challenging for different reasons. It will be helpful to externalize those thoughts and feelings loudly bouncing inside you, and I am here to help. I enjoy working with individuals with mood disorders, anxiety, behavioral issues, and trauma. Connecting and building trust with my clients is a part of my job I most enjoy. I am also trained to work with children and provide consultation for the caretakers, so we can explore what improvements we can make in the living environment to navigate the emotional/communication difficulties.
No matter how old you are, life may be challenging for different reasons. It will be helpful to externalize those thoughts and feelings loudly bouncing inside you, and I am here to help. I enjoy working with individuals with mood disorders, anxiety, behavioral issues, and trauma. Connecting and building trust with my clients is a part of my job I most enjoy. I am also trained to work with children and provide consultation for the caretakers, so we can explore what improvements we can make in the living environment to navigate the emotional/communication difficulties.
(315) 284-2951 View (315) 284-2951
Photo of Dr. Sephi Wahab, PhD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Sephi Wahab
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13088  (Online Only)
People seek help for variety of reasons including but not limited to finding effective and adaptive ways to cope with thoughts and feelings that are coming up now, but are from situations that they lived through in their past. Some of those thoughts and feelings could manifest in behaviors that can be problematic or and hold them back from living their best and enjoy their lives. Most people just want to feel content, happy, be successful, get along with their love ones, and friends and family members. I see youths, young adults and their families who struggle with depression, anxiety, thought disorder, OCD, ADHD, trauma etc
People seek help for variety of reasons including but not limited to finding effective and adaptive ways to cope with thoughts and feelings that are coming up now, but are from situations that they lived through in their past. Some of those thoughts and feelings could manifest in behaviors that can be problematic or and hold them back from living their best and enjoy their lives. Most people just want to feel content, happy, be successful, get along with their love ones, and friends and family members. I see youths, young adults and their families who struggle with depression, anxiety, thought disorder, OCD, ADHD, trauma etc
(315) 883-2768 View (315) 883-2768
Photo of Jennifer M Fitzgerald, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer M Fitzgerald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Liverpool, NY 13090  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome to therapy! I am an ARMY Veteran who left the military to pursue a career in the helping profession. I look forward to working with you!
Welcome to therapy! I am an ARMY Veteran who left the military to pursue a career in the helping profession. I look forward to working with you!
(315) 864-5969 View (315) 864-5969
Photo of Megan Ryan Kelly, MEd, LMHC, CCPT, Counselor
Megan Ryan Kelly
Counselor, MEd, LMHC, CCPT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13088
Not accepting new clients
Feeling well and being well can only enhance the good work that you do everyday. Your internal experiences and interpersonal relationships are as valuable as they are complex. In the therapeutic relationships we build, I will work with you and/or your child to gain insight as to how experiences and perceptions intersect with the environment around you. Together we can discover new insights and skills to help guide you on your journey.
Feeling well and being well can only enhance the good work that you do everyday. Your internal experiences and interpersonal relationships are as valuable as they are complex. In the therapeutic relationships we build, I will work with you and/or your child to gain insight as to how experiences and perceptions intersect with the environment around you. Together we can discover new insights and skills to help guide you on your journey.
(315) 715-3054 View (315) 715-3054
Photo of Jennifer J. Conte, MS, LMHC, Counselor
Jennifer J. Conte
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13090
Are you an adult aged 21-44 looking for help with anxiety? You’ve come to the right place! Maybe you’ve been struggling with anxiety for years. Or maybe you’re experiencing new feelings of anxiety & stress related to a new life change, such as a relationship ending, a new job, or graduating from college. On the outside you look like you've got it all together, but on the inside you find yourself spiraling with “what ifs”, ruminating on worst case scenarios, second guessing your choices, and doubting your capabilities. Living with anxiety is exhausting. No one knows how badly you’re struggling because you hide it well. I hear you.
Are you an adult aged 21-44 looking for help with anxiety? You’ve come to the right place! Maybe you’ve been struggling with anxiety for years. Or maybe you’re experiencing new feelings of anxiety & stress related to a new life change, such as a relationship ending, a new job, or graduating from college. On the outside you look like you've got it all together, but on the inside you find yourself spiraling with “what ifs”, ruminating on worst case scenarios, second guessing your choices, and doubting your capabilities. Living with anxiety is exhausting. No one knows how badly you’re struggling because you hide it well. I hear you.
(315) 273-4665 View (315) 273-4665
Photo of Anne-Marie Muller, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Anne-Marie Muller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Liverpool, NY 13090  (Online Only)
My 20-plus years of experience hold to helping individuals navigate the times in their lives that can be both exciting and challenging. I enjoy helping individuals with stress, anxiety, relationship issues, & depression. My passion holds that everyone needs someone with whom they can share their life experiences. Individuals deserve to be treated with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. Treatment will be tailored to meet your unique needs. Reaching out takes courage! I look forward to assisting you on your path.
My 20-plus years of experience hold to helping individuals navigate the times in their lives that can be both exciting and challenging. I enjoy helping individuals with stress, anxiety, relationship issues, & depression. My passion holds that everyone needs someone with whom they can share their life experiences. Individuals deserve to be treated with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. Treatment will be tailored to meet your unique needs. Reaching out takes courage! I look forward to assisting you on your path.
(315) 325-3645 View (315) 325-3645
Photo of Kathryn Jewell - Insightful Therapy, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Insightful Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Liverpool, NY 13090
Accepting New Clients! Welcome to Insightful Therapy! We are a group practice offering flexible scheduling and complementary services for adults and couples. Maybe you're someone who is struggling with important relationships in your life or life transitions. Maybe feeling down or helpless. Perhaps you've been through some difficult times that have left a mark or you feel more on edge in your life lately.
Accepting New Clients! Welcome to Insightful Therapy! We are a group practice offering flexible scheduling and complementary services for adults and couples. Maybe you're someone who is struggling with important relationships in your life or life transitions. Maybe feeling down or helpless. Perhaps you've been through some difficult times that have left a mark or you feel more on edge in your life lately.
(315) 743-5546 View (315) 743-5546
1

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Liverpool, NY

90+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Liverpool, NY who prioritize treating:

99% Anxiety
92% Depression
82% Stress
80% Coping Skills
79% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
71% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Liverpool, NY see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Liverpool?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.