Therapists in Midlothian, VA

Photo of Olivia Cruz, MEd, Licensed Professional Counselor
Olivia Cruz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Hey there! I'm Olivia and I'm here to guide you on a transformative journey towards inner peace and self-assurance. Are anxious thoughts constantly clouding your mind? Do you struggle with low self-esteem, doubting your worth and abilities? You're not alone, and I'm here to help. I have a passion for empowering individuals just like you to overcome anxiety and boost self-esteem. Together, we'll unravel the complexities of your anxiety, understanding its roots and triggers. Through personalized therapy sessions, we'll equip you with practical tools and techniques to manage anxious thoughts and break free from their grip.
Hey there! I'm Olivia and I'm here to guide you on a transformative journey towards inner peace and self-assurance. Are anxious thoughts constantly clouding your mind? Do you struggle with low self-esteem, doubting your worth and abilities? You're not alone, and I'm here to help. I have a passion for empowering individuals just like you to overcome anxiety and boost self-esteem. Together, we'll unravel the complexities of your anxiety, understanding its roots and triggers. Through personalized therapy sessions, we'll equip you with practical tools and techniques to manage anxious thoughts and break free from their grip.
(804) 258-4385 View (804) 258-4385
Photo of Margaret Anne Dawson, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Margaret Anne Dawson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114
You are worthy, and I am here to help you focus on your wellness and your strengths. I work with a diverse population seeking treatment for mental health (MH) symptoms and disorders, substance abuse and substance use disorders (SUDs), and co-occurring disorders (MH and SUDs). I am well-versed in trauma informed care with exceptional experience treating acute and long term effects of trauma, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
You are worthy, and I am here to help you focus on your wellness and your strengths. I work with a diverse population seeking treatment for mental health (MH) symptoms and disorders, substance abuse and substance use disorders (SUDs), and co-occurring disorders (MH and SUDs). I am well-versed in trauma informed care with exceptional experience treating acute and long term effects of trauma, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
(804) 966-4124 View (804) 966-4124
Photo of Chloe Hansen, Pre-Licensed Professional
Chloe Hansen
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114
Chloe Hansen is a Resident in Counseling with several years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about collaborating with children, teens, and adults to address their unique challenges and support their personal growth. Chloe specializes in anxiety, depression, and working with children using play therapy. She completed her Master of Education (M. Ed.) in Counseling from the University of Virginia and is a former school counselor.
Chloe Hansen is a Resident in Counseling with several years of experience in the mental health field. She is passionate about collaborating with children, teens, and adults to address their unique challenges and support their personal growth. Chloe specializes in anxiety, depression, and working with children using play therapy. She completed her Master of Education (M. Ed.) in Counseling from the University of Virginia and is a former school counselor.
(804) 575-7259 View (804) 575-7259
Photo of Kendall Nibbs, MS-CMHC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Kendall Nibbs
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS-CMHC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114
Accepting New Clients - My style of therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) allows me to hone in on the emotionally driven nature of thoughts and behavior. This creates an avenue for us to work together on narrowing down the root emotions and cognitive processes associated with overall mood and behavior patterns. I have experience with diagnoses such as borderline personality disorder (BPD), bipolar I & II, adjustment disorders, and compulsive disorders. I also have experience working with couples who are navigating infertility issues, sexual dysfunction, and non-traditional relationship dynamics.
Accepting New Clients - My style of therapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) allows me to hone in on the emotionally driven nature of thoughts and behavior. This creates an avenue for us to work together on narrowing down the root emotions and cognitive processes associated with overall mood and behavior patterns. I have experience with diagnoses such as borderline personality disorder (BPD), bipolar I & II, adjustment disorders, and compulsive disorders. I also have experience working with couples who are navigating infertility issues, sexual dysfunction, and non-traditional relationship dynamics.
(804) 251-3891 View (804) 251-3891
Photo of Christine Myers, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Christine Myers
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114
Christine Myers is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in working with individuals, couples, and families. She received a Bachelor’s degree in Human Development from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and a Master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from East Carolina University. Christine also possesses training in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy that concentrates on identifying, addressing, and healing from childhood trauma.
Christine Myers is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in working with individuals, couples, and families. She received a Bachelor’s degree in Human Development from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and a Master’s degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from East Carolina University. Christine also possesses training in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy that concentrates on identifying, addressing, and healing from childhood trauma.
(804) 825-2838 View (804) 825-2838
Photo of Dr. Jamie Trefethen, PsyD, Psychologist
Dr. Jamie Trefethen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in treatment of trauma-related disorders in adults.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in treatment of trauma-related disorders in adults.
(757) 996-4863 View (757) 996-4863
Photo of Kara Norment Fulop, LPC, CCTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kara Norment Fulop
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Kara Fulop is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional in the state of Virginia with over 20 years of experience working with adults, adolescents, families, and couples. Kara specializes in facilitating growth and recovery from trauma, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. She is skilled at assisting her clients achieve improved coping with day to day life challenges, as well as personal and professional obstacles. Being a wife and mother of four gives her her a unique and effective perspective when it comes to resolving family conflict.
Kara Fulop is a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional in the state of Virginia with over 20 years of experience working with adults, adolescents, families, and couples. Kara specializes in facilitating growth and recovery from trauma, depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. She is skilled at assisting her clients achieve improved coping with day to day life challenges, as well as personal and professional obstacles. Being a wife and mother of four gives her her a unique and effective perspective when it comes to resolving family conflict.
(804) 391-9071 View (804) 391-9071
Photo of Karen Y Clark-Lowman, NCC, LCPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Karen Y Clark-Lowman
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
Karen is a Licensed Professional Counselor & a National Certified Counselor with over 25 years of experience in behavioral health & addictions. She gained her Maters in Community Mental Health Counseling in 1997 from Wilmington University, in DE. Karen is licensed in VA, DE & MD. She holds a tremendous amount of experience with mental health, addictions, & is a certified trauma therapist. Karen strongly promotes integrated health services to better enhance health & wellbeing. Karen strongly believes in a holistic approach. She encompasses all components of your life & assists you with envisioning how all issues are interrelated.
Karen is a Licensed Professional Counselor & a National Certified Counselor with over 25 years of experience in behavioral health & addictions. She gained her Maters in Community Mental Health Counseling in 1997 from Wilmington University, in DE. Karen is licensed in VA, DE & MD. She holds a tremendous amount of experience with mental health, addictions, & is a certified trauma therapist. Karen strongly promotes integrated health services to better enhance health & wellbeing. Karen strongly believes in a holistic approach. She encompasses all components of your life & assists you with envisioning how all issues are interrelated.
(804) 657-4997 View (804) 657-4997
Photo of Dawn Affeldt, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Dawn Affeldt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114  (Online Only)
Dawn Affeldt holds a Master’s degree in Clinical Psychology and is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) in the state of Florida and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Virginia. She has over 15 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families in a variety of settings who have experienced a range of life struggles and mental health concerns. Her areas of specialty include working with those struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, grief/loss, couples’ issues, trauma, Autism, ADHD, and parenting issues.
Dawn Affeldt holds a Master’s degree in Clinical Psychology and is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) in the state of Florida and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Virginia. She has over 15 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families in a variety of settings who have experienced a range of life struggles and mental health concerns. Her areas of specialty include working with those struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, grief/loss, couples’ issues, trauma, Autism, ADHD, and parenting issues.
(804) 635-3916 View (804) 635-3916
Photo of Britney N Chacey, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Britney N Chacey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23113
Do you ever feel like you have lost your sense of self? Are you seeking and searching without a clear direction or path? Do you feel stuck in unhealthy life patterns? I am here to be a support and a guide on your journey. I want to help you to trust your own intuition, to live authentically, and to believe in yourself while developing new life skills and gaining insight into your issues. I provide a warm, empathic, and nonjudgmental environment in which you can feel safe to explore relationship issues, life transitions, daily stressors, and trauma.
Do you ever feel like you have lost your sense of self? Are you seeking and searching without a clear direction or path? Do you feel stuck in unhealthy life patterns? I am here to be a support and a guide on your journey. I want to help you to trust your own intuition, to live authentically, and to believe in yourself while developing new life skills and gaining insight into your issues. I provide a warm, empathic, and nonjudgmental environment in which you can feel safe to explore relationship issues, life transitions, daily stressors, and trauma.
(804) 259-0215 View (804) 259-0215
Photo of Nichole A Phillips, MS, MDiv, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Nichole A Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MDiv, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23114  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck? Sad? Angry?Confused? Alone? Tired of being tired? Need someone to hear YOU for a change? Whether it is struggling with depression, anxiety, childhood trauma or just learning how to manage the mental and emotional stress of daily life I focus on helping persons learn how to heal the "whole soul". I specialize in persons who are living through depression/anxiety, grief/loss and also those who feel "stuck" by a traumatic event (sexual abuse, major death, etc) from their past. If you are looking for a relatable, knowledgeable, culturally sensitive provider youve come to the right place. All are welcome to heal here
Feeling stuck? Sad? Angry?Confused? Alone? Tired of being tired? Need someone to hear YOU for a change? Whether it is struggling with depression, anxiety, childhood trauma or just learning how to manage the mental and emotional stress of daily life I focus on helping persons learn how to heal the "whole soul". I specialize in persons who are living through depression/anxiety, grief/loss and also those who feel "stuck" by a traumatic event (sexual abuse, major death, etc) from their past. If you are looking for a relatable, knowledgeable, culturally sensitive provider youve come to the right place. All are welcome to heal here
(804) 531-6296 View (804) 531-6296
Photo of Jamee Reese, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jamee Reese
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Congratulations! You are beginning the process of looking for a therapist. The relationship between therapist and client is vital to the healing process. Life can be difficult, therapy doesn't have to be. Managing multiple stressors and expectations can become overwhelming. Spending a hour on self-care in the form of therapy is worth it, you are worth it. No matter what you're going through you can get through it with support, learning new coping skills and problem solving. Learning how your thoughts and emotions affect your behaviors, you'll see that you are able to manage stress, reduce symptoms related to anxiety and depression,
Congratulations! You are beginning the process of looking for a therapist. The relationship between therapist and client is vital to the healing process. Life can be difficult, therapy doesn't have to be. Managing multiple stressors and expectations can become overwhelming. Spending a hour on self-care in the form of therapy is worth it, you are worth it. No matter what you're going through you can get through it with support, learning new coping skills and problem solving. Learning how your thoughts and emotions affect your behaviors, you'll see that you are able to manage stress, reduce symptoms related to anxiety and depression,
(804) 506-5590 View (804) 506-5590
Photo of Marjorie Barbour, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marjorie Barbour
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114  (Online Only)
I have 15+ years of experience in various populations including teens/adolescents, geriatrics, the foster care system and working with MCOs.
I have 15+ years of experience in various populations including teens/adolescents, geriatrics, the foster care system and working with MCOs.
(804) 361-8575 View (804) 361-8575
Photo of Dena Wentz, LCSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dena Wentz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23114
Dena Wentz is a Supervisee in Social Work with 15 years of experience. She has experience working in health care assisting individuals with coping and adjustment to chronic and acute illnesses. Other specialties include anxiety, stress management, self-esteem, life transitions, relationship issues, pediatrics, parenting, grief and loss, and depression. Dena completed her Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Work from Millersville University and received her Master of Social Work from Temple University, both from Council of Social Work Education accredited programs.
Dena Wentz is a Supervisee in Social Work with 15 years of experience. She has experience working in health care assisting individuals with coping and adjustment to chronic and acute illnesses. Other specialties include anxiety, stress management, self-esteem, life transitions, relationship issues, pediatrics, parenting, grief and loss, and depression. Dena completed her Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Work from Millersville University and received her Master of Social Work from Temple University, both from Council of Social Work Education accredited programs.
(804) 294-4886 View (804) 294-4886
Photo of William W Fraker, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
William W Fraker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23113  (Online Only)
In my initial training experience as a hospital chaplain, I encountered patients and families in crisis, often going through personal oceans of grief and loss. As an intern at an urban Veterans Administration's behavioral health clinic, I saw how the trauma of war and chronic mental illness challenged patients, already isolated, even in their own families. At the Royal Edinburgh Hospital (Scotland) and at Tavistock Institute (London), I learned to think not just with my head, but also with my gut. My post-MSW career included work at a state mental hospital and as a Clinical Associate in Duke's Department of Psychiatry.
In my initial training experience as a hospital chaplain, I encountered patients and families in crisis, often going through personal oceans of grief and loss. As an intern at an urban Veterans Administration's behavioral health clinic, I saw how the trauma of war and chronic mental illness challenged patients, already isolated, even in their own families. At the Royal Edinburgh Hospital (Scotland) and at Tavistock Institute (London), I learned to think not just with my head, but also with my gut. My post-MSW career included work at a state mental hospital and as a Clinical Associate in Duke's Department of Psychiatry.
(804) 889-2322 View (804) 889-2322
Photo of Jessica Beach, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jessica Beach
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
My family and I moved to Richmond in August 2017 and fell in love with the area. I grew up in Long Island, New York and obtained my Master’s Degree in Social Work at Stony Brook University. My family and I spent 10 years living in sunny Florida where I worked in a community mental health agency. I received her LCSW during this time and had the privilege of working with a diverse population. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is experienced in working with adolescents, adults, and families. I believe that we all have struggles that can benefit from support from time to time.
My family and I moved to Richmond in August 2017 and fell in love with the area. I grew up in Long Island, New York and obtained my Master’s Degree in Social Work at Stony Brook University. My family and I spent 10 years living in sunny Florida where I worked in a community mental health agency. I received her LCSW during this time and had the privilege of working with a diverse population. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is experienced in working with adolescents, adults, and families. I believe that we all have struggles that can benefit from support from time to time.
(804) 835-6123 View (804) 835-6123
Photo of Lynnay Lewis, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Lynnay Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
Lynnay is a Licensed Professional Counselor who brings a wealth of experience treating children, adults, families and couples experiencing trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and everyday life stressors. Lynnay is a graduate of Virginia Union University and South University. Her passion has always been to help those in need!
Lynnay is a Licensed Professional Counselor who brings a wealth of experience treating children, adults, families and couples experiencing trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and everyday life stressors. Lynnay is a graduate of Virginia Union University and South University. Her passion has always been to help those in need!
(804) 392-1121 View (804) 392-1121
Photo of Wade Puryear, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Wade Puryear
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
Waitlist for new clients
I have had a long career working with families and individuals who are struggling with stressors in their life. Many times these are due to an adolescent or teenager who is having difficulty in the home or in school due ADHD, autism, anxiety, or anger management or a significant life event such as divorce, loss of job or death in the family.
I have had a long career working with families and individuals who are struggling with stressors in their life. Many times these are due to an adolescent or teenager who is having difficulty in the home or in school due ADHD, autism, anxiety, or anger management or a significant life event such as divorce, loss of job or death in the family.
(804) 376-8296 View (804) 376-8296
Photo of Joshua K. Taylor, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joshua K. Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23112  (Online Only)
I strongly believe in being authentic, honest, and real with my clients. I believe in meeting people where they are, and finding ways to help them get to where they want to be. Many have found their counselor to not fully understand them, or not challenge them. I connect with others by finding common ground, letting others' passions shine through, and creating moments of real, genuine care for one another. This includes challenging people to reach goals when they struggle with motivation. Those that I serve have a variety of real, valid problems. I utilize my role as a stepping stone in a person's path to better health.
I strongly believe in being authentic, honest, and real with my clients. I believe in meeting people where they are, and finding ways to help them get to where they want to be. Many have found their counselor to not fully understand them, or not challenge them. I connect with others by finding common ground, letting others' passions shine through, and creating moments of real, genuine care for one another. This includes challenging people to reach goals when they struggle with motivation. Those that I serve have a variety of real, valid problems. I utilize my role as a stepping stone in a person's path to better health.
(804) 203-0383 View (804) 203-0383
Photo of Jeremy T Walden - Dougan and Walden Wellness, PLLC, PsyD, LCP, Psychologist
Dougan and Walden Wellness, PLLC
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Midlothian, VA 23114
Are you feeling stressed, depressed, or in pain? We all have our own challenges to overcome. I am passionate about helping each individual who walks into my office. I work with individuals and couples with mood, anxiety, or trauma symptoms. I believe a collaborative approach provides a safe space, which allows you to express thoughts and feelings , allows us to work on goals, and provides the opportunity to explore deeper aspects of life. We will approach your path to change with an empathetic, positive approach. We will work together to develop an approach to address your goals.
Are you feeling stressed, depressed, or in pain? We all have our own challenges to overcome. I am passionate about helping each individual who walks into my office. I work with individuals and couples with mood, anxiety, or trauma symptoms. I believe a collaborative approach provides a safe space, which allows you to express thoughts and feelings , allows us to work on goals, and provides the opportunity to explore deeper aspects of life. We will approach your path to change with an empathetic, positive approach. We will work together to develop an approach to address your goals.
(804) 409-3664 View (804) 409-3664
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Midlothian, VA

300+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Midlothian, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
64% Coping Skills
64% Self Esteem
63% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Cigna and Evernorth
81% Aetna
80% Elevance

How Therapists in Midlothian, VA see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Midlothian?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.