Therapists in Johnson City, TN

Photo of Kaleb Pratt, PsyD, Psychologist
Kaleb Pratt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Dr. Kaleb Pratt is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, born and raised in East Tennessee. He received his undergraduate degree in Psychology at the University of Tennessee Knoxville, and completed his Doctoral Degree in Clinical Psychology at Nova Southeastern University in Davie, Florida. Kaleb has experience with a wide range of client ages, diagnoses, and treatment methods. His research interests include assessment, personality theory, clinician self-care, and psychotherapy integration. In his free time, Kaleb enjoys playing video and board games, reading, and learning new things in all forms.
Dr. Kaleb Pratt is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, born and raised in East Tennessee. He received his undergraduate degree in Psychology at the University of Tennessee Knoxville, and completed his Doctoral Degree in Clinical Psychology at Nova Southeastern University in Davie, Florida. Kaleb has experience with a wide range of client ages, diagnoses, and treatment methods. His research interests include assessment, personality theory, clinician self-care, and psychotherapy integration. In his free time, Kaleb enjoys playing video and board games, reading, and learning new things in all forms.
(423) 556-3738 View (423) 556-3738
Photo of Linda Steele, MLS, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Linda Steele
Marriage & Family Therapist, MLS, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself wondering why you're where you are in life...what brought you to this point? What is the meaning of this crisis in my life? Is there a purpose for my life? My approach to therapy is founded in Carl Jung's Depth Psychology and is useful for all life's problems that come our way - depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, grief, relationships, career and aging as well as for reflection and personal growth. Together we can find the answers to these questions. My approach is holistic, warm, client centered and non judgmental.
Do you find yourself wondering why you're where you are in life...what brought you to this point? What is the meaning of this crisis in my life? Is there a purpose for my life? My approach to therapy is founded in Carl Jung's Depth Psychology and is useful for all life's problems that come our way - depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, grief, relationships, career and aging as well as for reflection and personal growth. Together we can find the answers to these questions. My approach is holistic, warm, client centered and non judgmental.
(423) 438-1749 View (423) 438-1749
Photo of Sybil R Smith - The Journey Center for Healing Arts, PLLC, MA, LPCS, FAMI, MT-BC, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
The Journey Center for Healing Arts, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCS, FAMI, MT-BC, MHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604
At The Journey Center for Healing Arts, we are passionate about helping people move beyond their past and into a full, authentic life. Trauma affects us all at some level - surviving physical pain, emotional pain, or spiritual pain - and it can keep us from living the life we want. We want to see you thrive through your healing process instead of continuing to struggle with worry, overwhelm, anxiety, depression, grief, and unhealthy relationships.
At The Journey Center for Healing Arts, we are passionate about helping people move beyond their past and into a full, authentic life. Trauma affects us all at some level - surviving physical pain, emotional pain, or spiritual pain - and it can keep us from living the life we want. We want to see you thrive through your healing process instead of continuing to struggle with worry, overwhelm, anxiety, depression, grief, and unhealthy relationships.
(423) 408-8041 View (423) 408-8041
Photo of Erica Petree, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erica Petree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I graduated in 2005 from Missouri State University. I am passionate about what I do and the clients I serve. I am creative and think outside the box to help you find your truth, resolve your stressors and create lasting change in your life. I serve a diverse population from infants and primary caregivers, young children, adolescents, teens and adults.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I graduated in 2005 from Missouri State University. I am passionate about what I do and the clients I serve. I am creative and think outside the box to help you find your truth, resolve your stressors and create lasting change in your life. I serve a diverse population from infants and primary caregivers, young children, adolescents, teens and adults.
(423) 380-7588 View (423) 380-7588
Photo of Laura Maxwell, LPC/MHS, Licensed Psychoanalyst
Laura Maxwell
Licensed Psychoanalyst, LPC/MHS
Not Verified Not Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Laura Maxwell is a psychotherapist licensed to practice in Tennessee and Virginia. She holds a Master of Arts in Counseling from East Tennessee State University and a Master of Education from West Texas A&M University. She has experience working in various clinical settings, including community mental health, higher education, inpatient and private practice.
Laura Maxwell is a psychotherapist licensed to practice in Tennessee and Virginia. She holds a Master of Arts in Counseling from East Tennessee State University and a Master of Education from West Texas A&M University. She has experience working in various clinical settings, including community mental health, higher education, inpatient and private practice.
(423) 481-9124 View (423) 481-9124
Photo of Jana Dobesova, LPC, MHSP, RPT-S, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jana Dobesova
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, RPT-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604  (Online Only)
Welcome. I am glad you are here. I know life can be overwhelming at times. I believe that together we can start an exciting journey of tapping into the many strengths that will help you become the person you want to be. That means that perhaps you want to be happier, more confident, more at peace with your past, and an overcomer. It is okay to be brave and scared at the same time. It takes courage to take the first steps toward a change and a more fulfilling life. I am here to support you on your journey.
Welcome. I am glad you are here. I know life can be overwhelming at times. I believe that together we can start an exciting journey of tapping into the many strengths that will help you become the person you want to be. That means that perhaps you want to be happier, more confident, more at peace with your past, and an overcomer. It is okay to be brave and scared at the same time. It takes courage to take the first steps toward a change and a more fulfilling life. I am here to support you on your journey.
(423) 556-9730 View (423) 556-9730
Photo of Amanda K Chapman, LPC, MHSP, MBE, ANFT, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda K Chapman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, MBE, ANFT
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
There are times in life we feel lost, confused and adrift. I can relate and believe we're all connected. I offer a unique approach to therapy that combines spiritual guidance with the healing power of nature. Whether you're dealing with life changes, grief, depression, anxiety, or seeking inner child healing, I'm here to support you. As an experienced Counselor, Ecotherapist, and Certified Spiritual Life Coach, I've devoted my life's work to providing presence and objective voice for support and guidance, within an office setting as well as outdoors in nature. Please visit www.oneforestworld.com to learn more about me. Welcome!
There are times in life we feel lost, confused and adrift. I can relate and believe we're all connected. I offer a unique approach to therapy that combines spiritual guidance with the healing power of nature. Whether you're dealing with life changes, grief, depression, anxiety, or seeking inner child healing, I'm here to support you. As an experienced Counselor, Ecotherapist, and Certified Spiritual Life Coach, I've devoted my life's work to providing presence and objective voice for support and guidance, within an office setting as well as outdoors in nature. Please visit www.oneforestworld.com to learn more about me. Welcome!
(423) 250-2218 View (423) 250-2218
Photo of Alex Lewis, MHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Alex Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604
I have a passion for helping people overcome difficult life struggles. My work is centered on you (individual, couple, or family unit) and all that matters in your world. I will assist in developing constructive coping skills with utilization of CBT-based therapy alongside existential practices that are uniquely tailored to you.
I have a passion for helping people overcome difficult life struggles. My work is centered on you (individual, couple, or family unit) and all that matters in your world. I will assist in developing constructive coping skills with utilization of CBT-based therapy alongside existential practices that are uniquely tailored to you.
(423) 763-1657 View (423) 763-1657
Photo of Kristy Tipton, LPCMHSP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Kristy Tipton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37615
With 18 years of experience as a licensed counselor, I am deeply committed to helping individuals navigate life’s most challenging moments. I specialize in guiding clients through crisis, trauma, abuse, depression, anxiety, self-confidence struggles, and addiction. I have specialties in EMDR/trauma therapy, critical incident stress management debriefings, and clinical supervision. I work with multiple populations, but have special experience with first responders, and other helping professions. Understanding that each person’s journey is unique, I strive to create a safe, non-judgmental space where healing and growth are possible.
With 18 years of experience as a licensed counselor, I am deeply committed to helping individuals navigate life’s most challenging moments. I specialize in guiding clients through crisis, trauma, abuse, depression, anxiety, self-confidence struggles, and addiction. I have specialties in EMDR/trauma therapy, critical incident stress management debriefings, and clinical supervision. I work with multiple populations, but have special experience with first responders, and other helping professions. Understanding that each person’s journey is unique, I strive to create a safe, non-judgmental space where healing and growth are possible.
(423) 528-8732 View (423) 528-8732
Photo of Linda Coeburn - Inspired Hope Counseling, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Inspired Hope Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Are you experiencing memories of traumatic events that are impacting your life in a negative manner? Does it feel like the pain and self blame you are feeling will never go away? Are you struggling with feelings of hopelessness, grieving over the loss of a loved one, or experiencing difficulties in your relationships? Have you tried to solve the problems in your life on your own and realized you need help from someone else? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you have made the right choice by being here.
Are you experiencing memories of traumatic events that are impacting your life in a negative manner? Does it feel like the pain and self blame you are feeling will never go away? Are you struggling with feelings of hopelessness, grieving over the loss of a loved one, or experiencing difficulties in your relationships? Have you tried to solve the problems in your life on your own and realized you need help from someone else? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you have made the right choice by being here.
(423) 482-8933 View (423) 482-8933
Photo of Erica Petree, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Erica Petree
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604
Your current situation does not define you. It's a bump in the road, a pit-stop to learn from. It takes a village and I am here to be a part of your village. My scope of competence is in trauma, postpartum, attachment, family conflict, anxiety, school/work related problems, parent education, parent-child conflict, divorce, co-parenting and depression. Don't let the pain and struggle of your present situation keep you from living your truth. I am licensed in Tennessee, Texas, California and Virginia. Offering in-person therapy in Tennessee and virtual to Tennessee, California, Texas and Virginia.
Your current situation does not define you. It's a bump in the road, a pit-stop to learn from. It takes a village and I am here to be a part of your village. My scope of competence is in trauma, postpartum, attachment, family conflict, anxiety, school/work related problems, parent education, parent-child conflict, divorce, co-parenting and depression. Don't let the pain and struggle of your present situation keep you from living your truth. I am licensed in Tennessee, Texas, California and Virginia. Offering in-person therapy in Tennessee and virtual to Tennessee, California, Texas and Virginia.
(423) 205-5757 View (423) 205-5757
Photo of Amber Anzalone, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Amber Anzalone
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Hi! Do you find yourself feeling like you aren't good enough, don't deserve what you want or need, lost your sense of safety or control? I'd love to explore this with you!
Hi! Do you find yourself feeling like you aren't good enough, don't deserve what you want or need, lost your sense of safety or control? I'd love to explore this with you!
(423) 799-1335 View (423) 799-1335
Photo of Chasity Shalon Norris - CSN Counseling and Consultation, LLC, MA, LPCMHSP, S, LMHC, MPA, Licensed Professional Counselor
CSN Counseling and Consultation, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCMHSP, S, LMHC, MPA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604
At CSN Counseling, Your better tomorrows can start today. If you are struggling with feeling "sucked into the stuckness", overwhelmed with the stress of balancing family and work, needing support while confirming your gender identity and sexuality, intimacy and sexual difficulties, or attempting to work through the lingering effects of previous trauma and/or abuse, then I would be honored to sit with you and listen to your story. We can work together to help you gain perspective and insight, while helping you to move through traumas, transitions, and stressors into a healthier and more productive life.
At CSN Counseling, Your better tomorrows can start today. If you are struggling with feeling "sucked into the stuckness", overwhelmed with the stress of balancing family and work, needing support while confirming your gender identity and sexuality, intimacy and sexual difficulties, or attempting to work through the lingering effects of previous trauma and/or abuse, then I would be honored to sit with you and listen to your story. We can work together to help you gain perspective and insight, while helping you to move through traumas, transitions, and stressors into a healthier and more productive life.
(423) 205-5766 View (423) 205-5766
Photo of Rebecca Lewis Alexander, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rebecca Lewis Alexander
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
All of us can identify times when we want more for ourselves but can't seem to make it happen. Things get in the way - busy schedules, stress, fatigue, fear, emotional blocks and old patterns. It's ok. It's not you. We are not meant to heal and grow on our own, and we never really reach the end. Second Nature Therapy offers a safe, supportive system of care for healing your wounds, growing your strengths, identifying your values and vision, and building habits that become "second nature" to nurturing your best life.
All of us can identify times when we want more for ourselves but can't seem to make it happen. Things get in the way - busy schedules, stress, fatigue, fear, emotional blocks and old patterns. It's ok. It's not you. We are not meant to heal and grow on our own, and we never really reach the end. Second Nature Therapy offers a safe, supportive system of care for healing your wounds, growing your strengths, identifying your values and vision, and building habits that become "second nature" to nurturing your best life.
(423) 556-7578 View (423) 556-7578
Photo of Ginger Ketron, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ginger Ketron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604  (Online Only)
Ginger Ketron is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience working with children, adults, couples and families to overcome their unique barriers in life to improve their futures. She works to empower each patient with coping skills. She is passionate in assisting individuals in a family system to increase healthy boundaries and bonds that increase the success of their family. Ginger completed her MSW degree at East Tennessee State University where she was in the Advanced Standing Master's Program. She has worked with children and adults throughout her life who have or are dealing with effects of trauma.
Ginger Ketron is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 9 years of experience working with children, adults, couples and families to overcome their unique barriers in life to improve their futures. She works to empower each patient with coping skills. She is passionate in assisting individuals in a family system to increase healthy boundaries and bonds that increase the success of their family. Ginger completed her MSW degree at East Tennessee State University where she was in the Advanced Standing Master's Program. She has worked with children and adults throughout her life who have or are dealing with effects of trauma.
(423) 295-7486 View (423) 295-7486
Photo of Rachael Voelker - Sunny Path Counseling, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Rachael Voelker - Sunny Path Counseling
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601
Rachael finds herself using Solution Focused and Behavioral Therapy due to the rapid results and retention of new skills. She believes that Mental Health should be treated the same as one who goes to the Medical Doctor for an illness, we want results, and that is what she wants to give you. Of course, all treatments are not the same and some bumps in the road take longer to repair. Rachael is willing and able to adjust her Therapeutic skills to meet your needs and is willing to walk right beside you as you heal, no matter how long it takes.
Rachael finds herself using Solution Focused and Behavioral Therapy due to the rapid results and retention of new skills. She believes that Mental Health should be treated the same as one who goes to the Medical Doctor for an illness, we want results, and that is what she wants to give you. Of course, all treatments are not the same and some bumps in the road take longer to repair. Rachael is willing and able to adjust her Therapeutic skills to meet your needs and is willing to walk right beside you as you heal, no matter how long it takes.
(423) 564-5962 View (423) 564-5962
Photo of Ginger Ketron, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ginger Ketron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37604  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have worked with patients from a variety of walks of life: 4 years of age to 75 years of age. I walk alongside those that deal with anxiety, ADHD, marital challenges, behavior issues, depression, bi-polar, PTSD, substance use, and trauma for those who desire to make their goals a reality. I provide counseling for children ages 6 and up for those struggling with behaviors in school, at home and in the community. I provide a safe place where children can be themselves, adapt their life skills or "tools" and learn more to add to their toolbox in order to increase positive, healthy behaviors that assist them as they maneuver life.
I have worked with patients from a variety of walks of life: 4 years of age to 75 years of age. I walk alongside those that deal with anxiety, ADHD, marital challenges, behavior issues, depression, bi-polar, PTSD, substance use, and trauma for those who desire to make their goals a reality. I provide counseling for children ages 6 and up for those struggling with behaviors in school, at home and in the community. I provide a safe place where children can be themselves, adapt their life skills or "tools" and learn more to add to their toolbox in order to increase positive, healthy behaviors that assist them as they maneuver life.
(423) 556-7961 View (423) 556-7961
Photo of Erica Gillish, MA, NCC, NTC, Pre-Licensed Professional
Erica Gillish
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC, NTC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37604
Mental health is the cornerstone of our well-being. Our unique lived experiences shape how we perceive ourselves and interact with the world. Throughout my journey as a mental health professional, I've come to deeply appreciate its profound impact on every aspect of life. I aim to empower my clients in cultivating a healthy mindset through self-awareness, recognition of strengths, embracing vulnerability, and navigating challenges with resiliency. I believe that fostering mental health is not just a personal endeavor but a societal responsibility.
Mental health is the cornerstone of our well-being. Our unique lived experiences shape how we perceive ourselves and interact with the world. Throughout my journey as a mental health professional, I've come to deeply appreciate its profound impact on every aspect of life. I aim to empower my clients in cultivating a healthy mindset through self-awareness, recognition of strengths, embracing vulnerability, and navigating challenges with resiliency. I believe that fostering mental health is not just a personal endeavor but a societal responsibility.
(423) 376-9745 View (423) 376-9745
Photo of Kirsten Higgins, MS, LPC, MHSP, Temp, Counselor
Kirsten Higgins
Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP, Temp
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Johnson City, TN 37601
Is your family going through a stressful transition or issue? Do you ever wish your home was more peaceful? Are you a young adult who feels lost or worries about this new stage of life? If you feel like no one understands what you, your child, or your family are going through, then you’ve come to the right place! I have experience working with children, teens, young adults, and families through a variety of struggles, life transitions, and relationship conflicts.
Is your family going through a stressful transition or issue? Do you ever wish your home was more peaceful? Are you a young adult who feels lost or worries about this new stage of life? If you feel like no one understands what you, your child, or your family are going through, then you’ve come to the right place! I have experience working with children, teens, young adults, and families through a variety of struggles, life transitions, and relationship conflicts.
(423) 281-5320 View (423) 281-5320
Carole K Webb
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, #233
Verified Verified
Johnson City, TN 37601  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Although you can not change other people, you can change your reaction to them. Likewise, you can not change the past, but you can change your reaction to events of the past. I have a treasure chest of methods that I can teach you to quickly and effectively open a more satisfying life by focusing on your needs in the present. I also can help those who are grieving losses to learn how to carry their loved ones' spirit and connection into the future without debilitating their daily lives. Individual, group, couple and family therapy are all welcome. Ages 6-99.
Although you can not change other people, you can change your reaction to them. Likewise, you can not change the past, but you can change your reaction to events of the past. I have a treasure chest of methods that I can teach you to quickly and effectively open a more satisfying life by focusing on your needs in the present. I also can help those who are grieving losses to learn how to carry their loved ones' spirit and connection into the future without debilitating their daily lives. Individual, group, couple and family therapy are all welcome. Ages 6-99.
(423) 719-3729 View (423) 719-3729
1

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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Johnson City, TN

100+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Johnson City, TN who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
69% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Cigna and Evernorth
74% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Johnson City, TN see their clients

81% In Person and Online
19% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Johnson City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.