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More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Terrence Kava, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Terrence Kava
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
I offer person-centered psychodynamic and depth psychotherapy, spiritual and life coaching, and addiction management.
Is fear blocking you from moving forward with your dreams and preventing you from reaching your full potential? Do you keep repeating the same patterns because of the shadows created by your past traumas? Does your life seem unmanageable and you do not know who to turn to?
I offer person-centered psychodynamic and depth psychotherapy, spiritual and life coaching, and addiction management.
Is fear blocking you from moving forward with your dreams and preventing you from reaching your full potential? Do you keep repeating the same patterns because of the shadows created by your past traumas? Does your life seem unmanageable and you do not know who to turn to?
(310) 494-2790 View (310) 494-2790
Photo of Kerri-Anne Smith-Osei, MA, AMFT, PCC, CLC, CECP, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Kerri-Anne Smith-Osei
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, PCC, CLC, CECP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodland Hills, CA 91364  (Online Only)
Healing isn't linear and that's why I take a holistic approach to promote healing on all levels: emotional, physical, mental, and spiritual. I am a Trauma therapist specializing in Integrative Therapy (integration of several modalities). In addition to being a Registered AMFT, I am also a Triple Certified Master Life Coach/Couples Coach and Certified Emotion Code Practitioner (Emotion Code utilizes Kinesiology, the scientific study of human body movement).
Healing isn't linear and that's why I take a holistic approach to promote healing on all levels: emotional, physical, mental, and spiritual. I am a Trauma therapist specializing in Integrative Therapy (integration of several modalities). In addition to being a Registered AMFT, I am also a Triple Certified Master Life Coach/Couples Coach and Certified Emotion Code Practitioner (Emotion Code utilizes Kinesiology, the scientific study of human body movement).
(747) 200-8758 View (747) 200-8758
Photo of Monique Kennedy, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Monique Kennedy
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encino, CA 91436  (Online Only)
To achieve proper healing, it is essential to align the mental, spiritual, and physical aspects of oneself. As a healer, my approach is integrative and holistic. I employ various methods, but my ultimate aim is to guide individuals towards their awareness of self, enabling them to achieve self-realization and long-lasting change. I am compassionate, yet I also challenge my clients. I am trained in EMDR and have successfully helped clients clear symptoms of their traumatic experiences. I encourage my clients to put in the necessary effort to shift towards their highest potential.
To achieve proper healing, it is essential to align the mental, spiritual, and physical aspects of oneself. As a healer, my approach is integrative and holistic. I employ various methods, but my ultimate aim is to guide individuals towards their awareness of self, enabling them to achieve self-realization and long-lasting change. I am compassionate, yet I also challenge my clients. I am trained in EMDR and have successfully helped clients clear symptoms of their traumatic experiences. I encourage my clients to put in the necessary effort to shift towards their highest potential.
(424) 301-7902 View (424) 301-7902
Photo of Tara Gilmaher, LMFT, MFA, CHT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Tara Gilmaher
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MFA, CHT
Verified Verified
Sherman Oaks, CA 91401  (Online Only)
"I am not what happened to me. I am what I choose to become." ~ Carl Jung. Do you feel overwhelmed, have pain, grief, anxiety, depression, or unseen shadows that prevent you from healing or from choosing better decisions, relationships, and allowing yourself to matter in your own life? My experience and education can help people hungering for more purpose, fulfillment, and nurturing relationships instead of dissonance, exhaustion, and sacrifice, those who know what you were aiming for, but discovered you’re at the top of the wrong ladder. If you feel like you’re different or unseen, then I may be the psychotherapist you’ve sought.
"I am not what happened to me. I am what I choose to become." ~ Carl Jung. Do you feel overwhelmed, have pain, grief, anxiety, depression, or unseen shadows that prevent you from healing or from choosing better decisions, relationships, and allowing yourself to matter in your own life? My experience and education can help people hungering for more purpose, fulfillment, and nurturing relationships instead of dissonance, exhaustion, and sacrifice, those who know what you were aiming for, but discovered you’re at the top of the wrong ladder. If you feel like you’re different or unseen, then I may be the psychotherapist you’ve sought.
(805) 303-5321 View (805) 303-5321
Photo of Robin Sullivan, MA, LMFT, SEP, TEB, Marriage & Family Therapist
Robin Sullivan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, SEP, TEB
Verified Verified
Granada Hills, CA 91344  (Online Only)
Have you tried therapy before but it never seemed to help you realize the changes you wanted? Have you felt like no matter how hard you tried to heal, worked hard in your career, fit with your family, that you feel stuck or that you never quite “make it”? Do you struggle with stress, anxiety, depression, but no one knows? I specialize in helping you find your way in this weird, wild and stressful world, to deepen your relationship with yourself and others.
Have you tried therapy before but it never seemed to help you realize the changes you wanted? Have you felt like no matter how hard you tried to heal, worked hard in your career, fit with your family, that you feel stuck or that you never quite “make it”? Do you struggle with stress, anxiety, depression, but no one knows? I specialize in helping you find your way in this weird, wild and stressful world, to deepen your relationship with yourself and others.
(818) 650-3422 View (818) 650-3422
Photo of Diana Hernandez - Teletherapy with Diana Hernandez, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Teletherapy with Diana Hernandez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Van Nuys, CA 91401  (Online Only)
It takes courage to address your emotional, mental and spiritual well-being. But if you struggle with anxiety, depression, life changes or self-esteem issues, just know that you are not alone. I use teletherapy to provide a safe, non-judgmental space to help you explore and process your thoughts, feelings and any underlying issues that may be contributing. I'm a licensed clinical therapist with over 9 years of experience in the mental health field and I'm passionate about helping others identify and meet their goals.
It takes courage to address your emotional, mental and spiritual well-being. But if you struggle with anxiety, depression, life changes or self-esteem issues, just know that you are not alone. I use teletherapy to provide a safe, non-judgmental space to help you explore and process your thoughts, feelings and any underlying issues that may be contributing. I'm a licensed clinical therapist with over 9 years of experience in the mental health field and I'm passionate about helping others identify and meet their goals.
(747) 271-2211 View (747) 271-2211
Photo of Hollace Dowdy, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Hollace Dowdy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sherman Oaks, CA 91401  (Online Only)
Would you like to experience a change in your life and in your relationships? You may be experiencing increased levels of anxiety, fear, depression, overwhelm and isolation- living with unresolved trauma. I am committed to helping you find a greater sense of well-being and relief, and to gently help you reconnect to your heart. My approach to psychotherapy is based in depth psychology. I offer creative and mindfulness-based strategies combined with trauma-informed tools integrating my work in Jungian and spiritual psychology with neuropsychology.
Would you like to experience a change in your life and in your relationships? You may be experiencing increased levels of anxiety, fear, depression, overwhelm and isolation- living with unresolved trauma. I am committed to helping you find a greater sense of well-being and relief, and to gently help you reconnect to your heart. My approach to psychotherapy is based in depth psychology. I offer creative and mindfulness-based strategies combined with trauma-informed tools integrating my work in Jungian and spiritual psychology with neuropsychology.
(818) 423-4654 View (818) 423-4654
Photo of Jeffrey Ly I Porn Recovery Relationships, LPHA, MA, AMFT
Jeffrey Ly I Porn Recovery Relationships
LPHA, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 91335  (Online Only)
Pornography addiction can significantly impact your life and relationships but there is hope for recovery. I’m not just a mental health professional, I’ve been “you” for many years. I understand firsthand the personal struggles in your life and committed relationships that come with uncontrollable pornography use. The endless stream of attractive women a few clicks away on Pornhub, Onlyfan or Social Media is hard to quit even with all your willpower and promise to quit for the sake of your relationship.
Pornography addiction can significantly impact your life and relationships but there is hope for recovery. I’m not just a mental health professional, I’ve been “you” for many years. I understand firsthand the personal struggles in your life and committed relationships that come with uncontrollable pornography use. The endless stream of attractive women a few clicks away on Pornhub, Onlyfan or Social Media is hard to quit even with all your willpower and promise to quit for the sake of your relationship.
(818) 239-4922 View (818) 239-4922
Photo of Katerina Pogosov, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Katerina Pogosov
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Woodland Hills, CA 91367
Hi, I'm Katerina Pogosov and welcome to Fire Poppy Therapy! Like the phoenix that rises from the ashes, the fire poppy blooms from it.  Fire poppies are a unique and rare native California plant that are found after there’s been a wildfire.  Their seeds begin to germinate after being exposed to fire and from there bloom into a brilliant fluorescent orange flower.  Our most challenging times don’t have to be the end of something, they can be a catalyst for an inner greatness that we have had dormant and forgotten about.  Let’s work together to use these personal wildfires as an opportunity to not just grow, but thrive and radiate.
Hi, I'm Katerina Pogosov and welcome to Fire Poppy Therapy! Like the phoenix that rises from the ashes, the fire poppy blooms from it.  Fire poppies are a unique and rare native California plant that are found after there’s been a wildfire.  Their seeds begin to germinate after being exposed to fire and from there bloom into a brilliant fluorescent orange flower.  Our most challenging times don’t have to be the end of something, they can be a catalyst for an inner greatness that we have had dormant and forgotten about.  Let’s work together to use these personal wildfires as an opportunity to not just grow, but thrive and radiate.
(650) 383-0498 View (650) 383-0498
Photo of Mercedes Cusick, MA, LMFT, EMDR, CATCIII, Marriage & Family Therapist
Mercedes Cusick
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR, CATCIII
Verified Verified
Woodland Hills, CA 91367
As a trauma therapist, I understand your yearning for confidence, clarity, and purpose amid past trauma's shadows. The weight of defeat and overwhelming emotions may hinder your path to the life you desire. Yet, that life is closer than you think. My aim is to guide you in finding clarity, restoring hope, and cultivating the confidence to pursue your dreams. Together, we can initiate transformative change, addressing core issues, nurturing resilience, and fostering self-worth for a life of strength and optimism.
As a trauma therapist, I understand your yearning for confidence, clarity, and purpose amid past trauma's shadows. The weight of defeat and overwhelming emotions may hinder your path to the life you desire. Yet, that life is closer than you think. My aim is to guide you in finding clarity, restoring hope, and cultivating the confidence to pursue your dreams. Together, we can initiate transformative change, addressing core issues, nurturing resilience, and fostering self-worth for a life of strength and optimism.
(818) 264-4029 View (818) 264-4029
Photo of Joe F Dolowy III, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Joe F Dolowy III
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Northridge, CA 91326
Choosing a therapist can be difficult and I want to make it easier for you. My life's mission is to help and I love my job. I really like helping people, all people and I firmly believe that everyone deserves help. I have over 25 years professional experience and when you are in my office you get all of that experience focused on you and your life. We can have sessions while hiking, walking, surfing, skating or biking if you choose. We have many options to utilize in the care that you receive and in the way you want to have it. So have it your way: I am here for you.
Choosing a therapist can be difficult and I want to make it easier for you. My life's mission is to help and I love my job. I really like helping people, all people and I firmly believe that everyone deserves help. I have over 25 years professional experience and when you are in my office you get all of that experience focused on you and your life. We can have sessions while hiking, walking, surfing, skating or biking if you choose. We have many options to utilize in the care that you receive and in the way you want to have it. So have it your way: I am here for you.
(818) 722-2399 View (818) 722-2399
Photo of Garret Benjamin Wyner, PhD, PsyD, Psychologist
Garret Benjamin Wyner
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD
Verified Verified
Studio City, CA 91604
Do you feel lost or tempted to despair? Do you feel as if you're not truly or deeply living? As if real and substantial change may not be possible for you? I believe your despair can give way to an unfolding realization of hope. You can be more than you are, better than you are, even transform your life as you know it. Your life can increasingly be marked by an enduring sense of inward peace that no one can take from you. If you're struggling with such core life issues, I believe I can help you.
Do you feel lost or tempted to despair? Do you feel as if you're not truly or deeply living? As if real and substantial change may not be possible for you? I believe your despair can give way to an unfolding realization of hope. You can be more than you are, better than you are, even transform your life as you know it. Your life can increasingly be marked by an enduring sense of inward peace that no one can take from you. If you're struggling with such core life issues, I believe I can help you.
(818) 839-6877 View (818) 839-6877
Photo of Nicole Calvento, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nicole Calvento
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Granada Hills, CA 91344  (Online Only)
Seeking for emotional support can be intimidating. It may especially be difficult if you are coming from a culture where addressing mental illness is still stigmatized and can be perceived as “bringing shame to the family”. As a Filipino American, I want to help transform the view of psychotherapy in my community (as well as in other communities). I want to be able to assure individuals that it is alright to reach out to a professional to share what they are going through. To encourage the utilization of such resources in able to feel more empowered.
Seeking for emotional support can be intimidating. It may especially be difficult if you are coming from a culture where addressing mental illness is still stigmatized and can be perceived as “bringing shame to the family”. As a Filipino American, I want to help transform the view of psychotherapy in my community (as well as in other communities). I want to be able to assure individuals that it is alright to reach out to a professional to share what they are going through. To encourage the utilization of such resources in able to feel more empowered.
(747) 232-5176 View (747) 232-5176
Photo of Galya Seregi, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Galya Seregi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sherman Oaks, CA 91403
Not accepting new clients
I'm a spiritually focused therapist and my orientation is Humanistic, Psychodynamic, and Trauma focused.
Sometimes we feel overwhelmed by life, lose our way or are facing problems and life transitions. Perhaps you are feeling anxious, depressed, frustrated or alone. Whether it's a relationship issue, health crisis, family issue, work problem, or childhood trauma there is help available. Working together, we will focus on your goals and dreams, and help you gain a better understanding of yourself. I will guide you in creating meaningful changes in your life. I have over 15 years of experience helping clients develop healthier relationships, heal childhood traumas, let go of toxic patterns, and discover meaning in their lives.
I'm a spiritually focused therapist and my orientation is Humanistic, Psychodynamic, and Trauma focused.
Sometimes we feel overwhelmed by life, lose our way or are facing problems and life transitions. Perhaps you are feeling anxious, depressed, frustrated or alone. Whether it's a relationship issue, health crisis, family issue, work problem, or childhood trauma there is help available. Working together, we will focus on your goals and dreams, and help you gain a better understanding of yourself. I will guide you in creating meaningful changes in your life. I have over 15 years of experience helping clients develop healthier relationships, heal childhood traumas, let go of toxic patterns, and discover meaning in their lives.
(818) 217-8547 View (818) 217-8547

Online Therapists

Photo of Anthony Boyd, MS, LPCC, NCC
Anthony Boyd
MS, LPCC, NCC
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90046  (Online Only)
Working from a multicultural perspective that employs a Person-centered approach, I am able to gain a holistic perspective of you. Throughout your therapy, we will collaborate as we tend to your inner life; both the light and shadow. I will listen to you closely with care and curiosity, and without judgment. I align closely with Jungian theory and primarily use Psychodynamic Therapy. By helping you find and recognize patterns in your emotions, thoughts, and beliefs, you can gain insight into yourself. I find this approach fosters individuation and integration, allowing for wholeness and becoming the highest version of yourself.
Working from a multicultural perspective that employs a Person-centered approach, I am able to gain a holistic perspective of you. Throughout your therapy, we will collaborate as we tend to your inner life; both the light and shadow. I will listen to you closely with care and curiosity, and without judgment. I align closely with Jungian theory and primarily use Psychodynamic Therapy. By helping you find and recognize patterns in your emotions, thoughts, and beliefs, you can gain insight into yourself. I find this approach fosters individuation and integration, allowing for wholeness and becoming the highest version of yourself.
(626) 684-3998 View (626) 684-3998
Photo of Donna Groves, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Donna Groves
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Therapy with me is focused on creating the solutions that work for you, including tools such as psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral therapy, depth psychology and hypnosis.
"Do you feel stuck, disconnected, or unable to maintain fulfilling relationships? Are you exhausted from trying to make things better on your own? When life feels overwhelming, it’s hard to believe things can improve—but they can. You have the power to change and move toward the life you want. In therapy, we’ll confront the challenges holding you back and equip you with practical skills and coping strategies to enhance your everyday life. My therapeutic approach is tailored to your needs.
Therapy with me is focused on creating the solutions that work for you, including tools such as psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral therapy, depth psychology and hypnosis.
"Do you feel stuck, disconnected, or unable to maintain fulfilling relationships? Are you exhausted from trying to make things better on your own? When life feels overwhelming, it’s hard to believe things can improve—but they can. You have the power to change and move toward the life you want. In therapy, we’ll confront the challenges holding you back and equip you with practical skills and coping strategies to enhance your everyday life. My therapeutic approach is tailored to your needs.
(310) 881-8302 View (310) 881-8302
Photo of Ben Hummell, LMFT, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor
Ben Hummell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360  (Online Only)
I work with individuals and couples who are experiencing difficult life transitions by helping them to turn their challenges into sources of individual growth and strength. I use a Psychodynamic/Integrative approach, utilizing Mindfulness, Cognitive therapies, Imaginal/Dreamwork, and EMDR. My areas of focus include Grief and Loss, Depression, Anxiety, Panic disorders and Midlife Transitions. I also have specific experience with Cult Recovery and Spiritual Crisis issues. I offer online and phone sessions for anyone who would like to work with me from their home, and have found this to be an extremely beneficial platform for therapy.
I work with individuals and couples who are experiencing difficult life transitions by helping them to turn their challenges into sources of individual growth and strength. I use a Psychodynamic/Integrative approach, utilizing Mindfulness, Cognitive therapies, Imaginal/Dreamwork, and EMDR. My areas of focus include Grief and Loss, Depression, Anxiety, Panic disorders and Midlife Transitions. I also have specific experience with Cult Recovery and Spiritual Crisis issues. I offer online and phone sessions for anyone who would like to work with me from their home, and have found this to be an extremely beneficial platform for therapy.
(541) 201-8115 View (541) 201-8115
Photo of Rincy Mathew, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Rincy Mathew
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
I incorporate depth psychology, a psychodynamic process that engages the natural healing power of the psyche, along with mindfulness meditation, EMDR therapy for trauma reprocessing, Identity and Self development, and personal empowerment.
I believe psychotherapy to be sacred work that can be immensely healing and transformative. But it requires a genuine commitment to confront uncomfortable feelings and beliefs. In my experience, most psychic pain stems from a lack of connection to our authentic selves causing immense suffering that manifests into self-defeating thoughts and addictions, loss of purpose and meaning, and relational trauma. My work with clients is to unravel these self-limiting unconscious processes to gain better insight and live more intentionally with greater purpose and freedom.
I incorporate depth psychology, a psychodynamic process that engages the natural healing power of the psyche, along with mindfulness meditation, EMDR therapy for trauma reprocessing, Identity and Self development, and personal empowerment.
I believe psychotherapy to be sacred work that can be immensely healing and transformative. But it requires a genuine commitment to confront uncomfortable feelings and beliefs. In my experience, most psychic pain stems from a lack of connection to our authentic selves causing immense suffering that manifests into self-defeating thoughts and addictions, loss of purpose and meaning, and relational trauma. My work with clients is to unravel these self-limiting unconscious processes to gain better insight and live more intentionally with greater purpose and freedom.
(310) 526-3854 View (310) 526-3854
Photo of Denise Maratos, PhD, EdM, Pre-Licensed Professional
Denise Maratos
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD, EdM
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403
My eclectic approach includes attachment, psychodynamic, mindfulness, and spirituality.
Do you need support finding your life’s purpose? Do you feel overwhelmed? Do you find it difficult to feel pain and face your shadows? While considering the whole person- heart, soul, mind and body, I trust that you enter therapy having the insight you need to navigate your distress. I use the term "depth emergence" to explain my orientation and approach. It stems from depth psychology, which emphasizes gaining access to the unconscious and bringing it into consciousness. While increasing awareness we derive meaning, evolve, and transform.
My eclectic approach includes attachment, psychodynamic, mindfulness, and spirituality.
Do you need support finding your life’s purpose? Do you feel overwhelmed? Do you find it difficult to feel pain and face your shadows? While considering the whole person- heart, soul, mind and body, I trust that you enter therapy having the insight you need to navigate your distress. I use the term "depth emergence" to explain my orientation and approach. It stems from depth psychology, which emphasizes gaining access to the unconscious and bringing it into consciousness. While increasing awareness we derive meaning, evolve, and transform.
(323) 347-3849 View (323) 347-3849
Photo of Sarah Brock Chavez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sarah Brock Chavez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Los Angeles, CA 90039  (Online Only)
I identify as a queer, femme, Chicana therapist. I provide Psychotherapy that is Intersectional and Trauma-informed treatment. Combining techniques of traditional Psychodynamic Therapy as well as Somatic Therapy together we investigate your past and what is happening currently in your body (physical pain, ailments, sensations) in relation to environmental triggers (systemic racism, queer & trans-phobia, sexism, micro-aggressions), as well as attachment styles that inform your core beliefs to get you to a place of a fully developed and embodied sense of self and well being.
I identify as a queer, femme, Chicana therapist. I provide Psychotherapy that is Intersectional and Trauma-informed treatment. Combining techniques of traditional Psychodynamic Therapy as well as Somatic Therapy together we investigate your past and what is happening currently in your body (physical pain, ailments, sensations) in relation to environmental triggers (systemic racism, queer & trans-phobia, sexism, micro-aggressions), as well as attachment styles that inform your core beliefs to get you to a place of a fully developed and embodied sense of self and well being.
(424) 377-4514 View (424) 377-4514

See more therapy options for Winnetka

Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.