Brainspotting Therapists in Walnut Creek, CA

Photo of Sophia Nagornaya, MA, PSB, Psychological Associate
Sophia Nagornaya
Psychological Associate, MA, PSB
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94598  (Online Only)
I am also a Brainspotting practitioner.
Today you are one step closer to taking ownership of your life! Whether you are seeking individual therapy or family therapy, I am here to help guide you on your path. As Carl Jung said, “Until you make your unconscious conscious, it will direct you and you will call it fate.'” In our work together, I will help you identify patterns, negative beliefs, and limitations that may be holding you back from living your best life. If you are stuck in an unfulfilling relationship or uninspiring job or feeling held back from fulfilling your purpose, I will help you get unstuck.
I am also a Brainspotting practitioner.
Today you are one step closer to taking ownership of your life! Whether you are seeking individual therapy or family therapy, I am here to help guide you on your path. As Carl Jung said, “Until you make your unconscious conscious, it will direct you and you will call it fate.'” In our work together, I will help you identify patterns, negative beliefs, and limitations that may be holding you back from living your best life. If you are stuck in an unfulfilling relationship or uninspiring job or feeling held back from fulfilling your purpose, I will help you get unstuck.
(925) 397-4525 View (925) 397-4525
Photo of Ilana Brosh, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ilana Brosh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94598
We will develop a therapeutic relationship built on trust and find ways to release worry/fear/trauma from the mind and body ( Brainspotting is an incredible modality to try out!).
It can feel daunting to begin the search for a therapist you feel like you actually connect with. Especially when you are the one used to taking care of others in your life -it takes courage to focus on what YOU need. Perhaps on the outside you might be holding it together but spend your days feeling disconnected, struggling within your relationships or feeling reactive and angry but not able to identify the “why.” Or maybe you are navigating a big change -a diagnosis of cancer or other serious illness, a significant loss or something else that has your mind racing at night and waking up each morning full of worry.
We will develop a therapeutic relationship built on trust and find ways to release worry/fear/trauma from the mind and body ( Brainspotting is an incredible modality to try out!).
It can feel daunting to begin the search for a therapist you feel like you actually connect with. Especially when you are the one used to taking care of others in your life -it takes courage to focus on what YOU need. Perhaps on the outside you might be holding it together but spend your days feeling disconnected, struggling within your relationships or feeling reactive and angry but not able to identify the “why.” Or maybe you are navigating a big change -a diagnosis of cancer or other serious illness, a significant loss or something else that has your mind racing at night and waking up each morning full of worry.
(925) 477-5147 View (925) 477-5147
Photo of Megan Gredesky, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Megan Gredesky
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94595
I have In person and online openings! I stay up to date on the most cutting edge therapies to achieve RAPID and long lasting effects. As a Certified Brainspotting Therapist, I focus on neuroscience - YOUR brain can HEAL from trauma, grief, and anxiety. Release the shame and inner critic that is no longer serving you. I help empaths and highly sensitive people who are struggling with overwhelm. Performers and artists have benefited from Expansion Brainspotting to overcome creative blocks! I’m trained in play therapy and drama therapy and work well with children and adolescents.
I have In person and online openings! I stay up to date on the most cutting edge therapies to achieve RAPID and long lasting effects. As a Certified Brainspotting Therapist, I focus on neuroscience - YOUR brain can HEAL from trauma, grief, and anxiety. Release the shame and inner critic that is no longer serving you. I help empaths and highly sensitive people who are struggling with overwhelm. Performers and artists have benefited from Expansion Brainspotting to overcome creative blocks! I’m trained in play therapy and drama therapy and work well with children and adolescents.
(510) 694-0644 View (510) 694-0644
Photo of Kathleen E Sims, CHT, CRC, Pastoral Counselor
Kathleen E Sims
Pastoral Counselor, CHT, CRC
Not Verified Not Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I am Certified in over 20 modalities such as Brainspotting, Hypnotherapy, Eye Movement Therapy, Emotional Freedom Technique, and many others.
I assist clients in healing their mind, emotions & history - creating permanent change - which clears the way so they can Live the Life for which their heart yearns. I specialize in Conscious Love Relationships that can last a lifetime. Along with Creating a Life of Meaning and Purpose, I have developed very powerful, permanent Change Processes and Coaching Tools - which can also help with self-esteem issues, anxiety, stress, panic, and PTSD. My sessions range from 75 minutes to 2 hours. Feel free to call 925 914-0098 for a Complimentary 30-minute consultation.
I am Certified in over 20 modalities such as Brainspotting, Hypnotherapy, Eye Movement Therapy, Emotional Freedom Technique, and many others.
I assist clients in healing their mind, emotions & history - creating permanent change - which clears the way so they can Live the Life for which their heart yearns. I specialize in Conscious Love Relationships that can last a lifetime. Along with Creating a Life of Meaning and Purpose, I have developed very powerful, permanent Change Processes and Coaching Tools - which can also help with self-esteem issues, anxiety, stress, panic, and PTSD. My sessions range from 75 minutes to 2 hours. Feel free to call 925 914-0098 for a Complimentary 30-minute consultation.
(925) 914-0098 View (925) 914-0098
Photo of Radhika Reddy, PhD, Psychologist
Radhika Reddy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94595  (Online Only)
, ACT), Brainspotting, Pain Reprocessing Therapy, etc.
Welcome! Thank you for checking out my page, and more importantly, for taking this step to invest in yourself! You likely are struggling significantly with something and looking for guidance. You may be wondering if I could be the therapist by your side on this journey. Here's a little about me to help you make an informed decision: My style of therapy is thoughtful, warm, compassionate, non-judgmental, highly collaborative, and results-driven. You are the expert on you (your child), and are likely coming to me for expertise in specific therapies to help you get to where you are heading. As a team we can get there quicker!
, ACT), Brainspotting, Pain Reprocessing Therapy, etc.
Welcome! Thank you for checking out my page, and more importantly, for taking this step to invest in yourself! You likely are struggling significantly with something and looking for guidance. You may be wondering if I could be the therapist by your side on this journey. Here's a little about me to help you make an informed decision: My style of therapy is thoughtful, warm, compassionate, non-judgmental, highly collaborative, and results-driven. You are the expert on you (your child), and are likely coming to me for expertise in specific therapies to help you get to where you are heading. As a team we can get there quicker!
(650) 727-1805 View (650) 727-1805
Photo of Olivia Provan, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Olivia Provan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94597  (Online Only)
I am trained in somatic, psychodynamic and Brainspotting therapies.
You want better relationships, with your partner, your family, at work and with yourself. You’re at the point where all of the boxes are checked, but you’re still not feeling happy or fulfilled. You struggle with guilt for wanting more, but know deep down that there's something holding you back. As a couple, you want better sex, deeper intimacy and connection, to resolve recurring disagreements, or support when facing key milestones such as moving in together or getting engaged. You’re in the right place. I specialize in attachment-based therapy for those wanting to improve their relationships, beginning with themselves.
I am trained in somatic, psychodynamic and Brainspotting therapies.
You want better relationships, with your partner, your family, at work and with yourself. You’re at the point where all of the boxes are checked, but you’re still not feeling happy or fulfilled. You struggle with guilt for wanting more, but know deep down that there's something holding you back. As a couple, you want better sex, deeper intimacy and connection, to resolve recurring disagreements, or support when facing key milestones such as moving in together or getting engaged. You’re in the right place. I specialize in attachment-based therapy for those wanting to improve their relationships, beginning with themselves.
(415) 870-4181 View (415) 870-4181
Photo of Allyson Mayo - Behavioral Fitness , DBH
Behavioral Fitness
DBH
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94598
Behavioral Fitness is practiced in the form of recreation, exploration, connection, reflection, behavioral health education, coaching, and more. Most of all, it's fun, invigorating, action- oriented, and grounded in science. Be prepared for a shift. Behavioral Fitness has been found to transform your life, resulting in new foundations of insight that lead to personal growth. This is not like traditional talk therapy. This is a revolutionary and ground breaking approach to mental health in action.
Behavioral Fitness is practiced in the form of recreation, exploration, connection, reflection, behavioral health education, coaching, and more. Most of all, it's fun, invigorating, action- oriented, and grounded in science. Be prepared for a shift. Behavioral Fitness has been found to transform your life, resulting in new foundations of insight that lead to personal growth. This is not like traditional talk therapy. This is a revolutionary and ground breaking approach to mental health in action.
(925) 369-7779 View (925) 369-7779
Photo of Anny Papatheodorou, MA, MSc, Marriage & Family Therapist
Anny Papatheodorou
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MSc
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Waitlist for new clients
Consider this for a moment: how many times per day do you hear yourself say, "a part of me thinks/feels this, but another part of me thinks/feels that"? Indeed, we all consist of "parts" - aspects of ourselves that formed in response to life experiences, beliefs, and felt emotions. But here's the twist: the parts we resist and exile in ourselves have a way of resurfacing and often manifest as undesirable behaviors with unwanted outcomes. In other words, these parts react automatically to situations and often get us in trouble. For this reason, we stay stuck, and parts of ourselves remain unfulfilled and unattended.
Consider this for a moment: how many times per day do you hear yourself say, "a part of me thinks/feels this, but another part of me thinks/feels that"? Indeed, we all consist of "parts" - aspects of ourselves that formed in response to life experiences, beliefs, and felt emotions. But here's the twist: the parts we resist and exile in ourselves have a way of resurfacing and often manifest as undesirable behaviors with unwanted outcomes. In other words, these parts react automatically to situations and often get us in trouble. For this reason, we stay stuck, and parts of ourselves remain unfulfilled and unattended.
(925) 270-6168 View (925) 270-6168
Photo of M. Carmen Luk, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
M. Carmen Luk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
You have always been a high achiever at work. At home, you are the rock of your family. Everyone always looks to you for help. You take care of everybody around you, but you always neglect yourself. Maybe because you’re keeping busy to avoid having to deal with your past hurtful experiences. You feel lost and lonely despite having people around you. No one knows about your struggles. But now you’ve reached a breaking point. Your anxiety is out of control, and it is affecting your work and personal life. You are ready to stop that infinite loop that keeps replaying. It’s time to take care of you. It is now time to find healing.
You have always been a high achiever at work. At home, you are the rock of your family. Everyone always looks to you for help. You take care of everybody around you, but you always neglect yourself. Maybe because you’re keeping busy to avoid having to deal with your past hurtful experiences. You feel lost and lonely despite having people around you. No one knows about your struggles. But now you’ve reached a breaking point. Your anxiety is out of control, and it is affecting your work and personal life. You are ready to stop that infinite loop that keeps replaying. It’s time to take care of you. It is now time to find healing.
(925) 528-4215 View (925) 528-4215
Photo of Jonathan Newsum, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jonathan Newsum
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Are you feeling stuck, continually repeating the same patterns over and over that lead to frustration, disconnection from others, guilt, and hopelessness? Therapy is so much more than symptom management. I focus on helping you to challenge and change old patterns that leave you feeling defeated and stuck so you can begin to heal and thrive. I will help you build the skills necessary to empower you on the path to growth and healing. Whether you need support through a current challenge or are needing to address deeper problems I will be there to help.
Are you feeling stuck, continually repeating the same patterns over and over that lead to frustration, disconnection from others, guilt, and hopelessness? Therapy is so much more than symptom management. I focus on helping you to challenge and change old patterns that leave you feeling defeated and stuck so you can begin to heal and thrive. I will help you build the skills necessary to empower you on the path to growth and healing. Whether you need support through a current challenge or are needing to address deeper problems I will be there to help.
(925) 905-8490 View (925) 905-8490
Photo of Liz Hertz, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Liz Hertz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94596  (Online Only)
All sessions are by telehealth only. People come to therapy for a variety of reasons. I help people who are experiencing problems in daily living, difficulty in navigating life transitions, relationship and family discord, or who struggle with symptoms of anxiety, depression or loss. Therapy is about removing obstacles and developing the capacity for self-acceptance, self- expression, and joy. I will collaborate with you to set your goals and uncover new strategies for a happier life.
All sessions are by telehealth only. People come to therapy for a variety of reasons. I help people who are experiencing problems in daily living, difficulty in navigating life transitions, relationship and family discord, or who struggle with symptoms of anxiety, depression or loss. Therapy is about removing obstacles and developing the capacity for self-acceptance, self- expression, and joy. I will collaborate with you to set your goals and uncover new strategies for a happier life.
(510) 379-9108 View (510) 379-9108
Photo of Gertrudes Aquino Hernandez, PhD, Psychologist
Gertrudes Aquino Hernandez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94598
With more than 20 years experience as a psychologist in diverse settings, I gained valuable clinical work experience and improved my mastery of psychotherapy. I continue to enhance my skills on a variety of evidence-based therapy techniques. Working with a diverse group of clientele brings me a sense of fulfillment and reward. I believe that active listening, understanding, providing empathy and showing genuine compassion, walking with someone in their path to recovery/healing are ways that one can achieve a sense of awareness and clarity, then eventually find a balance between change and acceptance.
With more than 20 years experience as a psychologist in diverse settings, I gained valuable clinical work experience and improved my mastery of psychotherapy. I continue to enhance my skills on a variety of evidence-based therapy techniques. Working with a diverse group of clientele brings me a sense of fulfillment and reward. I believe that active listening, understanding, providing empathy and showing genuine compassion, walking with someone in their path to recovery/healing are ways that one can achieve a sense of awareness and clarity, then eventually find a balance between change and acceptance.
(510) 550-5856 View (510) 550-5856
Photo of Gabriele Goodman, PhD, Psychologist
Gabriele Goodman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I am a psychologist for sport, health, and life. I have spent 15 years studying, writing, teaching, and coaching people on how to perform at their best. I have worked with world-class performers from the arenas of sports, business, healthcare, and the United States Army. I have special expertise in Performance Psychology and train clients on how to strengthen the mental and emotional skills that underlie human performance excellence and sustainable resilience. I am a subject matter expert in the field of self-regulation techniques that promote optimism, resilience, alertness, and composure in high-pressure situations.
I am a psychologist for sport, health, and life. I have spent 15 years studying, writing, teaching, and coaching people on how to perform at their best. I have worked with world-class performers from the arenas of sports, business, healthcare, and the United States Army. I have special expertise in Performance Psychology and train clients on how to strengthen the mental and emotional skills that underlie human performance excellence and sustainable resilience. I am a subject matter expert in the field of self-regulation techniques that promote optimism, resilience, alertness, and composure in high-pressure situations.
(510) 662-0036 View (510) 662-0036
Photo of Katherine Jewett, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Katherine Jewett
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94598
What if?. . . . What if you didn’t have to feel as though you had to hold all of those balls in the air by yourself? . . . .What if those stomach dropping, throat clenching, heart racing thoughts didn’t have to keep you up at night?. . . . What if you could figure out how to manage those difficult emotions rather than feel overwhelmed by them? What if your history didn’t have to equal your future story? I’ve got you covered! I'll help you to understand how your past got you to this place and how to use that information to connect the dots, figure things out, and design a new and better story going forward.
What if?. . . . What if you didn’t have to feel as though you had to hold all of those balls in the air by yourself? . . . .What if those stomach dropping, throat clenching, heart racing thoughts didn’t have to keep you up at night?. . . . What if you could figure out how to manage those difficult emotions rather than feel overwhelmed by them? What if your history didn’t have to equal your future story? I’ve got you covered! I'll help you to understand how your past got you to this place and how to use that information to connect the dots, figure things out, and design a new and better story going forward.
(925) 322-1681 View (925) 322-1681
Photo of Benjamin Jones, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Benjamin Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
I provide compassionate therapy tailored to your particular needs. Together we would set goals and work to bring the needed changes into your life. I am not dedicated to a single particular theory or technique, but will use whatever works best for you. Often traditional talk therapy is most effective, but I have also successfully used cognitive/behavioral therapy, dream analysis, writing, art therapy, meditation, sand trays, group therapy, experiential therapy, and guided imagery. I also work to help you explore and strengthen your higher values and whatever you find most meaningful in your life.
I provide compassionate therapy tailored to your particular needs. Together we would set goals and work to bring the needed changes into your life. I am not dedicated to a single particular theory or technique, but will use whatever works best for you. Often traditional talk therapy is most effective, but I have also successfully used cognitive/behavioral therapy, dream analysis, writing, art therapy, meditation, sand trays, group therapy, experiential therapy, and guided imagery. I also work to help you explore and strengthen your higher values and whatever you find most meaningful in your life.
(925) 238-3961 View (925) 238-3961
Photo of Kathy (Kat) M Davis - Kat M. Davis, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kat M. Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94595  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My primary focus is rooted in the belief that identifying strengths and resiliencies are key components to working effectively in the therapeutic format. We will stay focused on using these abilities to inform decision making while also exploring the impact of personal challenges. I like to use curiosity, intuition and empathic insight to continually deepen our therapeutic connection, and to offer homework to keep the work alive during the week. Working in this dynamic style ideally creates an increased sense of Self, motivation for change, and a reduction of current problematic symptoms.
My primary focus is rooted in the belief that identifying strengths and resiliencies are key components to working effectively in the therapeutic format. We will stay focused on using these abilities to inform decision making while also exploring the impact of personal challenges. I like to use curiosity, intuition and empathic insight to continually deepen our therapeutic connection, and to offer homework to keep the work alive during the week. Working in this dynamic style ideally creates an increased sense of Self, motivation for change, and a reduction of current problematic symptoms.
(510) 567-4222 View (510) 567-4222
Photo of Ines M Vaniman, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ines M Vaniman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94597
There are so many different reasons to seek therapy and it is my job to get you to where you want to get, as quickly as possible. I am a down to earth, experienced therapist. I use scientifically proven approaches, based on the needs and preferences of my patients. I focus on building strong relationships and providing a space where we can develop and implement a plan to make meaningful change happen. I have over 15 years of experience working in this field and feel very passionate about this work.
There are so many different reasons to seek therapy and it is my job to get you to where you want to get, as quickly as possible. I am a down to earth, experienced therapist. I use scientifically proven approaches, based on the needs and preferences of my patients. I focus on building strong relationships and providing a space where we can develop and implement a plan to make meaningful change happen. I have over 15 years of experience working in this field and feel very passionate about this work.
(925) 246-2964 View (925) 246-2964
Photo of Madeleine Marie Burkhart - Inspired Mind Counseling, MS, JD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Inspired Mind Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, JD, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Walnut Creek, CA 94595
"Many Bay Area dual income and professional families struggle with the pressures of maintaining their lifestyles and helping their children succeed in school. Many suffer from anxiety, depression, relationship issues that are directly related to the challenges they face daily. As a former lawyer, hi-tech marketing director, and a first-time parent later in life, I am intimately familiar with these challenges. When I began practicing as a therapist, I knew I wanted to apply my life experience to help inspire busy professionals to work through the challenges, transitions, and struggles of living and thriving in the Bay Area."
"Many Bay Area dual income and professional families struggle with the pressures of maintaining their lifestyles and helping their children succeed in school. Many suffer from anxiety, depression, relationship issues that are directly related to the challenges they face daily. As a former lawyer, hi-tech marketing director, and a first-time parent later in life, I am intimately familiar with these challenges. When I began practicing as a therapist, I knew I wanted to apply my life experience to help inspire busy professionals to work through the challenges, transitions, and struggles of living and thriving in the Bay Area."
(925) 402-4024 View (925) 402-4024
Photo of Nicole Manning, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Nicole Manning
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94595
Hello and Welcome! I received a Master of Science degree in Psychology but upon graduating, I learned that my true passion was to become a clinician. And so, I returned to school and obtained a Master of Arts degree in Marriage and Family Therapy (2024). I work with a variety of clients that includes children, adolescents, adults, and families. I think that it is important to build a rapport and then I provide a safe and non-judgmental environment so that we can begin your therapeutic journey. I am a firm believer in setting short- and-long term goals. In addition, I will help you find the time (and the energy) for self-care.
Hello and Welcome! I received a Master of Science degree in Psychology but upon graduating, I learned that my true passion was to become a clinician. And so, I returned to school and obtained a Master of Arts degree in Marriage and Family Therapy (2024). I work with a variety of clients that includes children, adolescents, adults, and families. I think that it is important to build a rapport and then I provide a safe and non-judgmental environment so that we can begin your therapeutic journey. I am a firm believer in setting short- and-long term goals. In addition, I will help you find the time (and the energy) for self-care.
(925) 397-2242 View (925) 397-2242
Photo of Teresa Richman - Kokoro Counseling Center, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Kokoro Counseling Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Walnut Creek, CA 94595
At Kokoro Counseling Center we help people move through their lives with a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and joy. We partner with our clients to develop treatment goals that target unwanted emotional struggles and behavioral patterns. Upon request, we work with prescribing medical providers for a more promising psychotherapeutic outcome. Our practice integrates various clinical treatment theories that meet a range of client treatment needs. Our center offers an emotionally safe space to heal past trauma and embrace new beginnings. Even in the darkest of places, we can recapture resiliency and joy one step at a time.
At Kokoro Counseling Center we help people move through their lives with a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and joy. We partner with our clients to develop treatment goals that target unwanted emotional struggles and behavioral patterns. Upon request, we work with prescribing medical providers for a more promising psychotherapeutic outcome. Our practice integrates various clinical treatment theories that meet a range of client treatment needs. Our center offers an emotionally safe space to heal past trauma and embrace new beginnings. Even in the darkest of places, we can recapture resiliency and joy one step at a time.
(530) 441-0927 View (530) 441-0927
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Brainspotting Therapists

How does brainspotting work?

Brainspotting works by using eye positioning to identify and process traumatic memories so that a client is better able to move forward and live with less fear. The theory behind brainspotting is that by identifying where a person looks when thinking of traumatic memories, a therapist will be able to guide them to focus on that spot and work with the client to get them out of the “fight, flight, freeze” response associated with the traumatic memory.

Is brainspotting an evidence-based therapy?

Brainspotting is a theory-based alternative therapy. It is one of the newest forms of treatment, so very little research has been completed that examines the mechanism by which it works. The theory behind brainspotting is that eye position can be linked to areas of the brain that store and process memory.

How effective is brainspotting?

Because it is such a new treatment, the effectiveness of brainspotting cannot be quantified. Some people have found it to be effective on its own, or in conjunction with other types of therapy. It is considered an alternative therapy, and it is popular with people for whom more traditional therapies have proven ineffective.

How long does brainspotting take to work?

A typical brainspotting session will last between 60 to 90 minutes. There is no required number of sessions needed to complete brainspotting therapy, but in many cases it is delivered over the course of about six sessions. Clients are encouraged to rate their level of distress prior to a session and again following a session, and to track progress.