Therapists in Valley Village, CA

Photo of Vita Hall, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Vita Hall
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Valley Village, CA 91601  (Online Only)
Providing telehealth throughout the state of California. If you are struggling with a personal or emotional issue, please know change and growth is possible. I believe everyone has the ability to improve their psychological health. I provide compassionate and supportive therapy combined with modern therapeutic modalities that allow you to learn new skills to live a healthier and happier life.
Providing telehealth throughout the state of California. If you are struggling with a personal or emotional issue, please know change and growth is possible. I believe everyone has the ability to improve their psychological health. I provide compassionate and supportive therapy combined with modern therapeutic modalities that allow you to learn new skills to live a healthier and happier life.
(747) 281-4218 View (747) 281-4218
Photo of Ronald Kaufman - Family Time Centers, PsyD, Psychologist
Family Time Centers
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
Family Time centers are community hubs where everyone can get the help or support they need. They can tap into community resources, learn new parenting skills, and/or get individualized support. We provide a location where challenges can be explored and personal relationships can be strengthened. If you or someone in your family is struggling, we have expert therapists who can help a parent or a child receive the counseling they need. We provide an inclusive location that is welcoming, handicap accessible, and reflective of the core values of healing your inner self.
Family Time centers are community hubs where everyone can get the help or support they need. They can tap into community resources, learn new parenting skills, and/or get individualized support. We provide a location where challenges can be explored and personal relationships can be strengthened. If you or someone in your family is struggling, we have expert therapists who can help a parent or a child receive the counseling they need. We provide an inclusive location that is welcoming, handicap accessible, and reflective of the core values of healing your inner self.
(818) 572-9799 View (818) 572-9799
Photo of John Porterfield, MFT, Jungian, Analyst, Marriage & Family Therapist
John Porterfield
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, Jungian, Analyst
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valley Village, CA 91607
Need support as you make changes in your life and move towards your true goals? I help individuals and couples develop effective solutions for resolving lingering problems and overcoming challenges that keep you from moving forward towards the goals that you value and desire. Deep down, we generally know what it is we need. I pay close attention, and reflect your own inner wisdom back to you in a way that is practical and often liberating. The way becomes more clear as you decide to simply, and more truly, become yourself. A warm, compassionate therapeutic relationship can help you in finding the direction you are seeking.
Need support as you make changes in your life and move towards your true goals? I help individuals and couples develop effective solutions for resolving lingering problems and overcoming challenges that keep you from moving forward towards the goals that you value and desire. Deep down, we generally know what it is we need. I pay close attention, and reflect your own inner wisdom back to you in a way that is practical and often liberating. The way becomes more clear as you decide to simply, and more truly, become yourself. A warm, compassionate therapeutic relationship can help you in finding the direction you are seeking.
(818) 963-9460 View (818) 963-9460
Photo of Seth Menachem, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Seth Menachem
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Valley Village, CA 91607
I am a psychodynamically-oriented therapist, which means I work to help you understand your history so we can discover how it is influencing the ways in which you currently operate in the world. Those experiences can lead to defense mechanisms that can make it more challenging to fully connect to feelings and emotions. As your therapist, our relationship in the room is integral to the work. It is while navigating those feelings where self-discovery, bringing the unconscious to the surface, and corrective emotional experiences, help you diminish your symptoms, find clarity, and become a fully-realized, authentic human being.
I am a psychodynamically-oriented therapist, which means I work to help you understand your history so we can discover how it is influencing the ways in which you currently operate in the world. Those experiences can lead to defense mechanisms that can make it more challenging to fully connect to feelings and emotions. As your therapist, our relationship in the room is integral to the work. It is while navigating those feelings where self-discovery, bringing the unconscious to the surface, and corrective emotional experiences, help you diminish your symptoms, find clarity, and become a fully-realized, authentic human being.
(323) 498-1227 View (323) 498-1227
Photo of Paige E. Fecske, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Paige E. Fecske
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607  (Online Only)
Right now everything may seem overwhelming and impossible…take a deep breath and know that you are not alone. I provide a warm and compassionate space that encourages growth and connection. Our sessions will be collaborative, creative, and tailored to your individual needs. The therapeutic techniques I use have been shown to help people bring awareness to unconscious patterns and understanding to their thoughts, behaviors and emotions.
Right now everything may seem overwhelming and impossible…take a deep breath and know that you are not alone. I provide a warm and compassionate space that encourages growth and connection. Our sessions will be collaborative, creative, and tailored to your individual needs. The therapeutic techniques I use have been shown to help people bring awareness to unconscious patterns and understanding to their thoughts, behaviors and emotions.
(323) 714-3996 View (323) 714-3996
Photo of Bryan D Porter, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Bryan D Porter
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valley Village, CA 91607
I’ve worked with many backgrounds, but have particular strengths in working with men on relating to themselves, and working with women on relating to men; all while creating work/life/relationship balance in the bustle of Los Angeles.
I’ve worked with many backgrounds, but have particular strengths in working with men on relating to themselves, and working with women on relating to men; all while creating work/life/relationship balance in the bustle of Los Angeles.
(323) 417-6768 View (323) 417-6768
Photo of Jeannine Lemare Calaba, PsyD, BCN, QEEG-D, Psychologist
Jeannine Lemare Calaba
Psychologist, PsyD, BCN, QEEG-D
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
Hello! As a clinical psychologist I provide psychotherapy for adults, adolescents, families and couples. As a neurotherapist, I analyze EEG brainwaves, identify specific frequencies of the brain, and design protocols that can regulate the nervous system. By having both psychodynamic and neurological therapies available, I find that people can be helped whose problems might be unresponsive to one therapeutic approach alone.
Hello! As a clinical psychologist I provide psychotherapy for adults, adolescents, families and couples. As a neurotherapist, I analyze EEG brainwaves, identify specific frequencies of the brain, and design protocols that can regulate the nervous system. By having both psychodynamic and neurological therapies available, I find that people can be helped whose problems might be unresponsive to one therapeutic approach alone.
(747) 236-6562 View (747) 236-6562
Photo of Athena Mesina, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Athena Mesina
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607  (Online Only)
Welcome! My name is Athena and I am an Associate Registered Marriage and Family Therapist based in Los Angeles, California. I have experience working with adults and teens addressing physical trauma, emotional abuse, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and more. I previously worked for a Trauma Assault Crisis Center which has expanded my expertise to include a population that has experienced complex traumas. To me, a therapist is a form of support walking alongside clients in their mental health journey; continuing to learn with them, staying proactive, and backing them as they navigate obstacles. A safe and warm, compassionate space.
Welcome! My name is Athena and I am an Associate Registered Marriage and Family Therapist based in Los Angeles, California. I have experience working with adults and teens addressing physical trauma, emotional abuse, depression, anxiety, PTSD, and more. I previously worked for a Trauma Assault Crisis Center which has expanded my expertise to include a population that has experienced complex traumas. To me, a therapist is a form of support walking alongside clients in their mental health journey; continuing to learn with them, staying proactive, and backing them as they navigate obstacles. A safe and warm, compassionate space.
(818) 696-4909 View (818) 696-4909
Photo of Sheryl Aronson, MFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sheryl Aronson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MA
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
My practice focus is on building, healing and developing strong personal and intimate relationships - which are truly the cornerstone of psychological, physical, and spiritual health. My specialty is working with couples and giving them the skills necessary to maintain a successful relationship. I also have a strong interest in women's issues; especially in the development of improved SELF-ESTEEM though all of their transitions in life. While I am especially interested in helping women, I also have a bulk of experience in helping men through their relationship and proffessional difficulties. I offer unique interactive communication that promotes positive change.
My practice focus is on building, healing and developing strong personal and intimate relationships - which are truly the cornerstone of psychological, physical, and spiritual health. My specialty is working with couples and giving them the skills necessary to maintain a successful relationship. I also have a strong interest in women's issues; especially in the development of improved SELF-ESTEEM though all of their transitions in life. While I am especially interested in helping women, I also have a bulk of experience in helping men through their relationship and proffessional difficulties. I offer unique interactive communication that promotes positive change.
(949) 390-9039 View (949) 390-9039
Photo of Heather Weingold, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heather Weingold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
I offer both in-person & virtual sessions. I primarily see adults who are struggling with symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, identity, parenthood, grief and loss & relationship stressors. As a therapist, I believe in a more new school approach where our dynamic in session provides the foundation for self actualization. I want clients to feel safe, comfortable and enjoy coming to session even when there are psychosocial stressors that we are working through.
I offer both in-person & virtual sessions. I primarily see adults who are struggling with symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, identity, parenthood, grief and loss & relationship stressors. As a therapist, I believe in a more new school approach where our dynamic in session provides the foundation for self actualization. I want clients to feel safe, comfortable and enjoy coming to session even when there are psychosocial stressors that we are working through.
(818) 369-3096 View (818) 369-3096
Photo of Marisa Schimmel, LCSW , Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Marisa Schimmel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607  (Online Only)
I'm Marisa, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (115264) who received my Master of Social Work from the University of Southern California, specializing in children, youth, and families. I have expertise in working with individual adults specializing in Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Transitions, Relationship Issues, and Self Esteem.
I'm Marisa, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (115264) who received my Master of Social Work from the University of Southern California, specializing in children, youth, and families. I have expertise in working with individual adults specializing in Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Transitions, Relationship Issues, and Self Esteem.
(818) 862-5338 View (818) 862-5338
Photo of Susanne Bech Simonsen M.s Health Psychology
Susanne Bech Simonsen M.s Health Psychology
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
I do ONLINE SESSIONS. Quit smoking - easy and without gaining weight. 1-2 sessions. I believe that if you change your thoughts, you can change anything in your life! Your history is never your destiny. With more than 35 years of experience in the field, I have treated people with all kinds of issues. My experience includes owning and running a drug and alcohol treatment facility with 300 inpatients. In my practice the number 1 priority is to let go of the past, sleep good, feel good and eat good from session 1 - this creates a good foundation for the further treatment. Session in your home is possible
I do ONLINE SESSIONS. Quit smoking - easy and without gaining weight. 1-2 sessions. I believe that if you change your thoughts, you can change anything in your life! Your history is never your destiny. With more than 35 years of experience in the field, I have treated people with all kinds of issues. My experience includes owning and running a drug and alcohol treatment facility with 300 inpatients. In my practice the number 1 priority is to let go of the past, sleep good, feel good and eat good from session 1 - this creates a good foundation for the further treatment. Session in your home is possible
(323) 765-3339 View (323) 765-3339
Photo of Leilani Sinclair, LMFT, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Leilani Sinclair
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valley Village, CA 91607  (Online Only)
As a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT), Leilani is specially trained to work with individuals, partners and couples seeking to heal from the impact of sex addiction and achieve lasting recovery. In addition to running her own practice based in California, Leilani is licensed in Michigan where she is a Clinical Associate for Dr. Kenneth M. Adams, a pre-eminent leader in the sex addiction field. Leilani is also a licensed EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) Clinician, a Preferred Provider for Dr. Adams’ OvercomingEnmeshment program and is licensed as a practitioner of the Safe and Sound Protocol (SSP).
As a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT), Leilani is specially trained to work with individuals, partners and couples seeking to heal from the impact of sex addiction and achieve lasting recovery. In addition to running her own practice based in California, Leilani is licensed in Michigan where she is a Clinical Associate for Dr. Kenneth M. Adams, a pre-eminent leader in the sex addiction field. Leilani is also a licensed EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) Clinician, a Preferred Provider for Dr. Adams’ OvercomingEnmeshment program and is licensed as a practitioner of the Safe and Sound Protocol (SSP).
(818) 570-0745 View (818) 570-0745
Photo of Lyra Velayo Matin, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lyra Velayo Matin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Valley Village, CA 91607  (Online Only)
I am a depth-trained and results-oriented psychotherapist. My goal is to help you gain self-awareness and teach psychological tools for personal growth and healing in and beyond therapy. If you are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, a difficult life transition, creative blocks, unhealthy behaviors that you can’t seem to change, or challenges regarding your neurodiversity or sexuality, I will help you use them as opportunities for positive and sustainable transformation. I provide online therapy to individuals, couples, and families using psychoanalytic, somatic, coaching, evidence-based, and psycho-spiritual approaches.
I am a depth-trained and results-oriented psychotherapist. My goal is to help you gain self-awareness and teach psychological tools for personal growth and healing in and beyond therapy. If you are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, a difficult life transition, creative blocks, unhealthy behaviors that you can’t seem to change, or challenges regarding your neurodiversity or sexuality, I will help you use them as opportunities for positive and sustainable transformation. I provide online therapy to individuals, couples, and families using psychoanalytic, somatic, coaching, evidence-based, and psycho-spiritual approaches.
(213) 423-4315 View (213) 423-4315
Photo of Muriel Ghislaine Gaudin, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Muriel Ghislaine Gaudin
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
As we move through life, some challenges easily become roadblocks to living the life we want. In therapy you can start to understand your struggles, find your strengths and experience a world that is unique to you. Therapy could be the most significant step you have ever taken. Together we might explore how your past relationships and your relationships with others came to be, how to integrate the conflict and tension that have become a challenge in your life, how to develop new skills to manage the issues you are presently facing.
As we move through life, some challenges easily become roadblocks to living the life we want. In therapy you can start to understand your struggles, find your strengths and experience a world that is unique to you. Therapy could be the most significant step you have ever taken. Together we might explore how your past relationships and your relationships with others came to be, how to integrate the conflict and tension that have become a challenge in your life, how to develop new skills to manage the issues you are presently facing.
(818) 869-2644 View (818) 869-2644
Photo of Ashari Wallace, MSW, ACSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Ashari Wallace
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Valley Village, CA 91607  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am an African American/Black woman. I believe that representation matters in mental health services, especially as stigmas around mental health are being addressed as Black people/people of color are seeking therapy more often in today’s society. I am an Associate Clinical Social Work and received my Master of Social Work degree from Simmons University. My goal when working with my clients is to help you (the client and/or your family) learn how to better manage the symptoms and behaviors you experience while developing and maintaining positive coping skills. I am passionate about helping young women and young adults.
I am an African American/Black woman. I believe that representation matters in mental health services, especially as stigmas around mental health are being addressed as Black people/people of color are seeking therapy more often in today’s society. I am an Associate Clinical Social Work and received my Master of Social Work degree from Simmons University. My goal when working with my clients is to help you (the client and/or your family) learn how to better manage the symptoms and behaviors you experience while developing and maintaining positive coping skills. I am passionate about helping young women and young adults.
(818) 431-2232 View (818) 431-2232
Photo of Terrence Kava, MA, Pre-Licensed Professional
Terrence Kava
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
Is fear blocking you from moving forward with your dreams and preventing you from reaching your full potential? Do you keep repeating the same patterns because of the shadows created by your past traumas? Does your life seem unmanageable and you do not know who to turn to?
Is fear blocking you from moving forward with your dreams and preventing you from reaching your full potential? Do you keep repeating the same patterns because of the shadows created by your past traumas? Does your life seem unmanageable and you do not know who to turn to?
(310) 494-2790 View (310) 494-2790
Photo of Chloé Cavelier d'Esclavelles, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Chloé Cavelier d'Esclavelles
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Valley Village, CA 91607
Not accepting new clients
Tired of feeling stuck or overtaken by your feelings? Ready to gently and bravely dig into the relationship between your past experiences and your current level of functioning? Together, in a safe, warm, and genuine therapeutic relationship, we will de-escalate the negative patterns affecting your life, get to know your protective and wounded parts of self that may be feeling stuck and unseen, uncover your authentic self, and develop new patterns for soulful living. Life can be messy and complicated, and it can also be beautiful and full of wonder and joy. Therapy reflects all of that.
Tired of feeling stuck or overtaken by your feelings? Ready to gently and bravely dig into the relationship between your past experiences and your current level of functioning? Together, in a safe, warm, and genuine therapeutic relationship, we will de-escalate the negative patterns affecting your life, get to know your protective and wounded parts of self that may be feeling stuck and unseen, uncover your authentic self, and develop new patterns for soulful living. Life can be messy and complicated, and it can also be beautiful and full of wonder and joy. Therapy reflects all of that.
(323) 927-0598 View (323) 927-0598
Photo of Suri Nowosiolski, LCSW, MS SpEd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Suri Nowosiolski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MS SpEd
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
Are you feeling overwhelmed by your child's anxiety? Are you exasperated by your child's constant need for reassurance? Do you find yourself staying away from particular places or activities in order to avoid triggering your child's worries? Do you wish your child would "just relax" and enjoy being a kid? Is your child preoccupied with "what-ifs" or does he/she meltdown easily when faced with a situation they'd rather avoid? Does your child have trouble separating from you or do they avoid social situations? Are you looking for an evidence-based way to help your child? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, I can help.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by your child's anxiety? Are you exasperated by your child's constant need for reassurance? Do you find yourself staying away from particular places or activities in order to avoid triggering your child's worries? Do you wish your child would "just relax" and enjoy being a kid? Is your child preoccupied with "what-ifs" or does he/she meltdown easily when faced with a situation they'd rather avoid? Does your child have trouble separating from you or do they avoid social situations? Are you looking for an evidence-based way to help your child? If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, I can help.
(818) 814-9432 View (818) 814-9432
Photo of Lisa Morris, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Lisa Morris
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Valley Village, CA 91607
Hello, I’m Lisa. My name is Lisa Morris and I am and Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) from Oceanside, California. I meet with clients throughout California through telehealth. I work with individual adults and specialize in PTSD, anxiety, stress, and depression. I utilize Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Family Systems, and Eye-Movement, Desensitization, and Reprocessing (EMDR), which is a specialized treatment, specifically focused on client trauma recovery.
Hello, I’m Lisa. My name is Lisa Morris and I am and Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) from Oceanside, California. I meet with clients throughout California through telehealth. I work with individual adults and specialize in PTSD, anxiety, stress, and depression. I utilize Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Family Systems, and Eye-Movement, Desensitization, and Reprocessing (EMDR), which is a specialized treatment, specifically focused on client trauma recovery.
(323) 826-7848 View (323) 826-7848
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Valley Village, CA

80+

Average cost per session

$177

Therapists in Valley Village, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
89% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
74% Trauma and PTSD
74% Stress
72% Self Esteem
71% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

57% Aetna
55% Cigna and Evernorth
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Valley Village, CA see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

70% Female
30% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Valley Village?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.