Psychoanalytic Therapists in Seal Beach, CA

Photo of Cathy DeBuono, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Cathy DeBuono
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
There is no one approach to psychotherapy that is right for everyone.  As your therapist, I will take a highly individualized approach to the work that we do by starting with a comprehensive approach to understanding your unique circumstances and goals.  My work is always guided by the  principles of a psychodynamic approach, is informed by a wide range of psychoanalytic theories and is grounded in the wisdom of somatic experiencing.
There is no one approach to psychotherapy that is right for everyone.  As your therapist, I will take a highly individualized approach to the work that we do by starting with a comprehensive approach to understanding your unique circumstances and goals.  My work is always guided by the  principles of a psychodynamic approach, is informed by a wide range of psychoanalytic theories and is grounded in the wisdom of somatic experiencing.
(310) 361-5898 View (310) 361-5898
Photo of Dean Leav - Men's Issues - Dr. Dean, PsyD, QME, Author, Psychologist
Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(657) 214-3099 View (657) 214-3099
Photo of Dean Leav - Men's Issues - Dr. Dean, PsyD, QME, Author, Psychologist
Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(909) 318-1937 View (909) 318-1937
Photo of Dean Leav - Men's Issues - Dr. Dean, PsyD, QME, Author, Psychologist
Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(323) 417-9393 View (323) 417-9393
Photo of Dean Leav - Men's Issues - Dr. Dean, PsyD, QME, Author, Psychologist
Men's Issues - Dr. Dean
Psychologist, PsyD, QME, Author
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
Welcome to my practice. I have been in practice since 2007 and have been featured on ABC, NBC, and KCAL as an expert psychologist. I work primarily with men who have hit “rock bottom” and would like help getting up. These men are often in crisis when we first meet. The issues I address are typically related to unhealthy sexual behaviors, infidelity, financial recklessness, gambling, drugs/alcohol, dishonesty/lying, and relational conflicts. My therapy approach is a combination of psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and the 12-Step recovery model. I also share insight from my own painful but redemptive recovery journey.
(310) 742-9232 View (310) 742-9232
Photo of Karen Conklin, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Karen Conklin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740  (Online Only)
Let Us begin to unpack all that is weighing on you. I AM HERE TO HELP YOU LIVE THE LIFE YOU WANT TO BE LIVING. LIFE TRANSITIONS, GRIEF AND LOSS, DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, MARITAL DISCORD OR DISSATISFACTION, UNHAPPY, UNDER ACHIEVING OR PERFECTIONISTIC TEENAGERS ? Life happens, and there is a choice on how to react/respond to each and every stimulus. I can provide the tools to achieve a healthier, happier, higher functioning, harmonious life. I am passionate about my profession and honored to be of service.
Let Us begin to unpack all that is weighing on you. I AM HERE TO HELP YOU LIVE THE LIFE YOU WANT TO BE LIVING. LIFE TRANSITIONS, GRIEF AND LOSS, DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, MARITAL DISCORD OR DISSATISFACTION, UNHAPPY, UNDER ACHIEVING OR PERFECTIONISTIC TEENAGERS ? Life happens, and there is a choice on how to react/respond to each and every stimulus. I can provide the tools to achieve a healthier, happier, higher functioning, harmonious life. I am passionate about my profession and honored to be of service.
(562) 568-8004 View (562) 568-8004
Photo of Nancy J Taylor, PhD, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Nancy J Taylor
Psychologist, PhD, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
Are you striving to live your best possible life (who isn't) but finding it just "out of reach?" I specialize in working with accomplished professionals in the law, medicine and finance as well as in the LGBT community who are trying to balance the personal and professional. My unique background in psychoanalysis, mindfulness and ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) allows me to help you make profound changes and lead a more balanced, fulfilling life. If you suffer from depression, anxiety, relationship issues or spiritual confusion, let's move your life back in a direction that you value.
Are you striving to live your best possible life (who isn't) but finding it just "out of reach?" I specialize in working with accomplished professionals in the law, medicine and finance as well as in the LGBT community who are trying to balance the personal and professional. My unique background in psychoanalysis, mindfulness and ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) allows me to help you make profound changes and lead a more balanced, fulfilling life. If you suffer from depression, anxiety, relationship issues or spiritual confusion, let's move your life back in a direction that you value.
(424) 224-9952 View (424) 224-9952
Photo of Dr. Walter E Lathy - Integrative Psychotherapy Center, Psy D, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Integrative Psychotherapy Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, Psy D, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740  (Online Only)
My therapeutic focus is on personal growth and mastery through in-depth self-exploration. Rather than focus on specific pathology or issue(s), I seek to facilitate the patients comprehensive understanding of themselves and the nature of his/her specific problems in a freely exploratory open-ended process.
My therapeutic focus is on personal growth and mastery through in-depth self-exploration. Rather than focus on specific pathology or issue(s), I seek to facilitate the patients comprehensive understanding of themselves and the nature of his/her specific problems in a freely exploratory open-ended process.
(424) 380-5962 View (424) 380-5962
Photo of Michael Dempsey, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Michael Dempsey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
Are you struggling? Have you given up on your dreams? I offer a safe place where we bring compassionate attention to your challenges, and help you uncover a rich source of understanding to light your way forward. Together, we help you discover for yourself your own truths, so you may pick up the tools to aid you with your distress. Your path is unique to you alone. I walk alongside you, and guide within a supportive and empathic environment to help you broaden your way forward toward more satisfying relationships and a more full experience of life.
Are you struggling? Have you given up on your dreams? I offer a safe place where we bring compassionate attention to your challenges, and help you uncover a rich source of understanding to light your way forward. Together, we help you discover for yourself your own truths, so you may pick up the tools to aid you with your distress. Your path is unique to you alone. I walk alongside you, and guide within a supportive and empathic environment to help you broaden your way forward toward more satisfying relationships and a more full experience of life.
(949) 391-4995 View (949) 391-4995
Photo of Jill S Grenda, MA, PsyD, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jill S Grenda
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
Perhaps you are struggling with anxious or depressing feelings. You may have been hurt by others or encountered painful life circumstances that have led to being overwhelmed by the stressors of life. The process of therapy assists with finding the words for one's thoughts and feelings that may have been eluding you. Therapy is a place to know oneself and to be known by another. The process can result in an increased understanding of your actions and choices along with a place to work through emotional injuries. The result can be a higher level of personal satisfaction and an increased ability to handle life.
Perhaps you are struggling with anxious or depressing feelings. You may have been hurt by others or encountered painful life circumstances that have led to being overwhelmed by the stressors of life. The process of therapy assists with finding the words for one's thoughts and feelings that may have been eluding you. Therapy is a place to know oneself and to be known by another. The process can result in an increased understanding of your actions and choices along with a place to work through emotional injuries. The result can be a higher level of personal satisfaction and an increased ability to handle life.
(714) 989-6929 View (714) 989-6929
Photo of Monica Reade-San Jose, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Monica Reade-San Jose
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seal Beach, CA 90740  (Online Only)
Everyone processes life experiences in many different ways. I help clients uncover, explore and process self-limiting beliefs that impact well-being. I focus on building on a client's strengths and supporting them in uncovering new ways of fostering personal growth and wellness. I have 21+ yrs of experience working with adults, couples, children, adolescents and families with issues ranging from anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, chronic illness, phase of life transitions, sports performance, relationship issues, parenting, foster/adoption, high risk/severely emotionally disturbed children/adolescent's.
Everyone processes life experiences in many different ways. I help clients uncover, explore and process self-limiting beliefs that impact well-being. I focus on building on a client's strengths and supporting them in uncovering new ways of fostering personal growth and wellness. I have 21+ yrs of experience working with adults, couples, children, adolescents and families with issues ranging from anxiety, depression, trauma, addiction, chronic illness, phase of life transitions, sports performance, relationship issues, parenting, foster/adoption, high risk/severely emotionally disturbed children/adolescent's.
(562) 280-2017 View (562) 280-2017
Photo of Beth Siegel - Dr. Beth Siegel,PsyD.,LCSW, PsyD, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Beth Siegel,PsyD.,LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seal Beach, CA 90740
Are you sad and just don’t know how to get out of your “funk?” Do you avoid situations or people who make you uncomfortable? Do you try to communicate with your spouse/partner/parent/child but everything ends in a fight? Are you an adult living with a childhood or recent trauma? Depression, anxiety, stress, trauma…these are just some of the challenges many people face every day. You are not alone. The difference today is that YOU have taken the first step of seeking help. ~ ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS~
Are you sad and just don’t know how to get out of your “funk?” Do you avoid situations or people who make you uncomfortable? Do you try to communicate with your spouse/partner/parent/child but everything ends in a fight? Are you an adult living with a childhood or recent trauma? Depression, anxiety, stress, trauma…these are just some of the challenges many people face every day. You are not alone. The difference today is that YOU have taken the first step of seeking help. ~ ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS~
(714) 584-4879 View (714) 584-4879
Photo of Ana Arguello, MS, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Ana Arguello
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
I am well versed in numerous modalities, among them; Individual therapy to address possible lifestyle changes, your relationship issues and goals. Couples therapy to address interpersonal and intrapersonal conflict Child psychotherapy ,(play therapy and dyadic therapy) from 0 to 5 years old through specialized training. Family therapy to increase effective communication within family dynamics. Crisis management as past occupational experience includes drug treatment and law enforcement crisis situations. Mental health consultant in educational settings, and occasional speaker in mental health related topics. I am fully bilingual
I am well versed in numerous modalities, among them; Individual therapy to address possible lifestyle changes, your relationship issues and goals. Couples therapy to address interpersonal and intrapersonal conflict Child psychotherapy ,(play therapy and dyadic therapy) from 0 to 5 years old through specialized training. Family therapy to increase effective communication within family dynamics. Crisis management as past occupational experience includes drug treatment and law enforcement crisis situations. Mental health consultant in educational settings, and occasional speaker in mental health related topics. I am fully bilingual
(562) 655-8568 View (562) 655-8568
Photo of Sanar Psychotherapy, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sanar Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
I have been in the mental health field for over 15 years. My many years of experience have allowed me to strengthen my clinical skills and develop my clinical expertise in helping you to achieve your unique goals. I continue to educate myself on the most up-to-date clinical research and I implement an evidence based clinical approach. Some of these models include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness practice and more. I have provided clinical care to countless individuals, families and couples. In treatment, I can help you increase your self-worth, work though depression, ease anxiety and more.
I have been in the mental health field for over 15 years. My many years of experience have allowed me to strengthen my clinical skills and develop my clinical expertise in helping you to achieve your unique goals. I continue to educate myself on the most up-to-date clinical research and I implement an evidence based clinical approach. Some of these models include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness practice and more. I have provided clinical care to countless individuals, families and couples. In treatment, I can help you increase your self-worth, work though depression, ease anxiety and more.
(562) 306-0269 View (562) 306-0269
Photo of Emily Williams, PsyD, Psychologist
Emily Williams
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seal Beach, CA 90740
I work with adults who may be seeking to understand themselves better, heal from painful experiences, develop satisfying relationships, or pursue a more meaningful life. My approach to therapy is compassionate, authentic, and down-to-earth; I aim to offer a place where you can experience relief, feel understood, and cultivate a life guided by intentionality, wisdom, and your personal values.
I work with adults who may be seeking to understand themselves better, heal from painful experiences, develop satisfying relationships, or pursue a more meaningful life. My approach to therapy is compassionate, authentic, and down-to-earth; I aim to offer a place where you can experience relief, feel understood, and cultivate a life guided by intentionality, wisdom, and your personal values.
(562) 249-1852 View (562) 249-1852
Photo of Ana Arellano Ramos, AMFT , EMDR , Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Ana Arellano Ramos
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT , EMDR
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740  (Online Only)
Ana Arellano is an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist who is providing services under the supervision of Tatiana T. Melendez, LCSW. Ana earned a Bachelors degree in Psychology from California State University, Fullerton and a Masters in Clinical Psychology with an emphasis in Marriage and Family therapy from Pepperdine University. Ana has completed her hours working for community mental health clinic where she focused her experience on supporting individuals experiencing a variety of symptoms and provided the understanding of the origin of behaviors, as well as learning coping skills and techniques to encourage clients.
Ana Arellano is an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist who is providing services under the supervision of Tatiana T. Melendez, LCSW. Ana earned a Bachelors degree in Psychology from California State University, Fullerton and a Masters in Clinical Psychology with an emphasis in Marriage and Family therapy from Pepperdine University. Ana has completed her hours working for community mental health clinic where she focused her experience on supporting individuals experiencing a variety of symptoms and provided the understanding of the origin of behaviors, as well as learning coping skills and techniques to encourage clients.
(949) 284-2841 View (949) 284-2841
Photo of Kimmy Hunkle, LMFT, APCC, APSATS, CCPS, CADC II, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kimmy Hunkle
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, APCC, APSATS, CCPS, CADC II
Verified Verified
Seal Beach, CA 90740
Kimmy Hunkle, MA., LMFT (120934), APCC, CCPS, CADC II (A043920317) earned her M.A. degree in Counseling Psychology; Specialization in Marriage and Family Therapy, Professional Clinical Counseling & Depth Psychology from Pacifica Graduate Institute in Santa Barbara. She is a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT), Associate Professional Clinical Counselor (APCC), Certified Clinical Partner Specialist (CCPS) with the Association of Partners of Sex Addicts Trauma Specialist (APSATS), a Certified Alcohol & Drug Counselor (CADCII) and EMDR trained. If you are in pain seeking hope or heart healing, I looking forward to your call.
Kimmy Hunkle, MA., LMFT (120934), APCC, CCPS, CADC II (A043920317) earned her M.A. degree in Counseling Psychology; Specialization in Marriage and Family Therapy, Professional Clinical Counseling & Depth Psychology from Pacifica Graduate Institute in Santa Barbara. She is a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT), Associate Professional Clinical Counselor (APCC), Certified Clinical Partner Specialist (CCPS) with the Association of Partners of Sex Addicts Trauma Specialist (APSATS), a Certified Alcohol & Drug Counselor (CADCII) and EMDR trained. If you are in pain seeking hope or heart healing, I looking forward to your call.
(657) 236-3482 View (657) 236-3482

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Trang Leete, PsyD, Psychologist
Trang Leete
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Long Beach, CA 90803
I am a licensed psychologist. My work is based on the contemporary research in the areas of development, attachment, neuropsychology, and psychoanalysis. This research indicates that a therapeutic relationship can help rework a person's internal emotional world and cognitive capabilities. The growth in therapy allows individuals to engage in more genuine and intimate relationships with others and to see themselves differently. It helps them be more effective in school and at work. I use a compassionate, practical, relational, and researched approach to help clients achieve meaningful lasting change.
I am a licensed psychologist. My work is based on the contemporary research in the areas of development, attachment, neuropsychology, and psychoanalysis. This research indicates that a therapeutic relationship can help rework a person's internal emotional world and cognitive capabilities. The growth in therapy allows individuals to engage in more genuine and intimate relationships with others and to see themselves differently. It helps them be more effective in school and at work. I use a compassionate, practical, relational, and researched approach to help clients achieve meaningful lasting change.
(714) 702-5927 View (714) 702-5927
Photo of Insight Children Family Therapy Center - Insight Children and Family Therapy Center, LMFT, LCSW, Marriage & Family Therapist
Insight Children and Family Therapy Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Long Beach, CA 90803
At Insight Children & Family Therapy Center, we go beyond traditional therapy by creating a compassionate haven where children, adolescents, and young adults can express themselves freely and feel understood. Our therapists are more than professionals; they are trusted companions on the path to healing and growth.
At Insight Children & Family Therapy Center, we go beyond traditional therapy by creating a compassionate haven where children, adolescents, and young adults can express themselves freely and feel understood. Our therapists are more than professionals; they are trusted companions on the path to healing and growth.
(714) 844-5901 View (714) 844-5901
Photo of Veronica Calkins, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Veronica Calkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Huntington Beach, CA 92649
A Licensed Psychotherapist specializing in trauma, crisis, grief, anxiety, depression, and relationships. Veronica provides an empathetic and caring environment to work through challenges without judgment. Veronica obtained her B.A. in Psychology with a minor in Applied Developmental Psychology and Master’s in Social Welfare at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). She is trained in CBT, DBT, and family and couples therapy. She is also certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and the administration of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Deep-Brain Theta Stimulation.
A Licensed Psychotherapist specializing in trauma, crisis, grief, anxiety, depression, and relationships. Veronica provides an empathetic and caring environment to work through challenges without judgment. Veronica obtained her B.A. in Psychology with a minor in Applied Developmental Psychology and Master’s in Social Welfare at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). She is trained in CBT, DBT, and family and couples therapy. She is also certified in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and the administration of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Deep-Brain Theta Stimulation.
(562) 268-1303 View (562) 268-1303
Psychoanalytic Therapists

Does psychoanalytic therapy work?

Psychoanalytic therapy derives from the work of Sigmund Freud. In this type of therapy, discovering buried thoughts and emotions from the unconscious will help a person work through their difficulties and negative behaviors. Research shows that psychoanalytic therapy can be highly effective, with patients reporting improvement in mood, quality of life, and overall well-being.

How long are people typically in psychoanalytic therapy?

Traditional psychoanalysis is in-depth and is conducted in five sessions every week. Today, modern psychoanalytic therapy is less intense and normally incorporates as few as one or two sessions a week. In some cases, positive change can occur quickly. However, if the condition, difficulty, or behavior is deep-seated, improvement may require many months or years of therapy.

Is psychoanalytic therapy suitable for young people?

Children and adolescents can benefit from this type of therapy. Many kids and teens are often unable to form and communicate their thoughts and emotions. Psychoanalytic therapy uses specific techniques such as dream analysis, symbolism, and free association or word association; all of which can be useful tools for less-communicative young people. Through this therapy, a patient will hopefully make connections between what they feel inside and how the world works outside.

Can psychoanalytic therapy be done online?

Modern-day psychoanalytic therapy is very different from traditional psychoanalysis. While an individual can sit face-to-face with the psychoanalyst for multiple sessions a week, they do not have to. Today, psychoanalytic therapy can be effectively conducted online or by phone. The key is that the individual confronts what is repressed and avoided, and this can be done whether in person or over online video.