Interpersonal Therapists in Santa Clara, CA

Photo of Dr. Manasi Shankar, PhD, LPCC, LPC, NCC
Dr. Manasi Shankar
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, PhD, LPCC, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Santa Clara, CA 95050
My approach is compassionate, deeply invested, and grounded in evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavior therapy, Attachment Theory, Interpersonal Psychotherapy, and Internal Family Systems.
Navigating mental and emotional struggles alone can be exhausting. I am so glad you are here. My rigorous training has led to a focus on helping clients recover from attachment insecurity, self-esteem issues, perfectionism, stress, anxiety, depression, and relationship challenges. In sessions, we will collaborate to identify the root of the issue causing you pain, using a personalized and culturally-informed approach. We will then collaborate on a concrete treatment plan to meet your goals in a way that promotes sustainable change and long-term healing.
My approach is compassionate, deeply invested, and grounded in evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavior therapy, Attachment Theory, Interpersonal Psychotherapy, and Internal Family Systems.
Navigating mental and emotional struggles alone can be exhausting. I am so glad you are here. My rigorous training has led to a focus on helping clients recover from attachment insecurity, self-esteem issues, perfectionism, stress, anxiety, depression, and relationship challenges. In sessions, we will collaborate to identify the root of the issue causing you pain, using a personalized and culturally-informed approach. We will then collaborate on a concrete treatment plan to meet your goals in a way that promotes sustainable change and long-term healing.
(408) 716-3883 View (408) 716-3883
Photo of Matthew Kraybill, LCP, Psychologist
Matthew Kraybill
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95050
I use techniques from evidence-based practices of cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, humanistic, and mindfulness-based interventions.
My name is Matthew Kraybill, Ph.D. and I am a licensed clinical psychologist and Neuropsychologist. I primarily work in a rehabilitation hospital seeing patients who have had a traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumor, epilepsy, or some other medical/neurological condition. However, I also see a broad range of patients struggling with both acute and chronic conditions. My approach to therapy is being a supportive and empathic listener, who pays close attention to thought patterns, themes, and behaviors to help guide both awareness and change.
I use techniques from evidence-based practices of cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, humanistic, and mindfulness-based interventions.
My name is Matthew Kraybill, Ph.D. and I am a licensed clinical psychologist and Neuropsychologist. I primarily work in a rehabilitation hospital seeing patients who have had a traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumor, epilepsy, or some other medical/neurological condition. However, I also see a broad range of patients struggling with both acute and chronic conditions. My approach to therapy is being a supportive and empathic listener, who pays close attention to thought patterns, themes, and behaviors to help guide both awareness and change.
(341) 999-5047 View (341) 999-5047
Photo of Nina Atanassova - Nina Atanassova, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nina Atanassova
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95050  (Online Only)
In my practice, I believe that the process of change requires an approach that is tailored to each individual's unique style and needs. I strive to create a collaborative, caring, and supportive atmosphere that will assist you in identifying and changing the thoughts, the behaviors, and the interpersonal styles that are no longer effective for you. I offer confidential, supportive and caring environment free of judgment that will facilitate your journey through difficulties and challenges.
In my practice, I believe that the process of change requires an approach that is tailored to each individual's unique style and needs. I strive to create a collaborative, caring, and supportive atmosphere that will assist you in identifying and changing the thoughts, the behaviors, and the interpersonal styles that are no longer effective for you. I offer confidential, supportive and caring environment free of judgment that will facilitate your journey through difficulties and challenges.
(628) 244-9011 View (628) 244-9011
Photo of Bea Armstrong, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Bea Armstrong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95054
Dan Siegel and use interpersonal neurobiology research (cognitive neuroscience), as well as attachment theory.
Hi! Thanks for considering me as your therapist. Whether you are struggling with a past trauma or current relationship, I have more than 30 years of helping people learn to live the best life possible. Areas of expertise: cult recovery (religious, other); ACA, PTSD, addictions, and narcissistic relationships, grief and loss. All of us hit speed bumps -- sometimes mountains -- that keep us from moving forward. Our beliefs about how life works can block happiness. We can't always change what's happening, but we can change our perception of it. I work exclusively online. See my web site: www.beaarmstrong.com
Dan Siegel and use interpersonal neurobiology research (cognitive neuroscience), as well as attachment theory.
Hi! Thanks for considering me as your therapist. Whether you are struggling with a past trauma or current relationship, I have more than 30 years of helping people learn to live the best life possible. Areas of expertise: cult recovery (religious, other); ACA, PTSD, addictions, and narcissistic relationships, grief and loss. All of us hit speed bumps -- sometimes mountains -- that keep us from moving forward. Our beliefs about how life works can block happiness. We can't always change what's happening, but we can change our perception of it. I work exclusively online. See my web site: www.beaarmstrong.com
(408) 351-1879 View (408) 351-1879
Photo of Henna Cho, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Henna Cho
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95054
My goal as a therapist is to provide actionable guidance in order to help navigate you through difficult emotions due to your interpersonal issues.
Are you feeling alone, unheard, or stuck? Are you experiencing anxiety, fatigue, and excessive worrying that impact your relationships and career? I’m glad you’re taking the time to notice these changes and to invest in yourself to become a better version of yourself. In sessions, I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help identify ways to incorporate positive changes for your negative thought patterns. Thus, you will learn to become better equipped in maintaining your personal or professional goals. I am committed to helping my clients decrease anxiety and manage healthy relationships.
My goal as a therapist is to provide actionable guidance in order to help navigate you through difficult emotions due to your interpersonal issues.
Are you feeling alone, unheard, or stuck? Are you experiencing anxiety, fatigue, and excessive worrying that impact your relationships and career? I’m glad you’re taking the time to notice these changes and to invest in yourself to become a better version of yourself. In sessions, I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help identify ways to incorporate positive changes for your negative thought patterns. Thus, you will learn to become better equipped in maintaining your personal or professional goals. I am committed to helping my clients decrease anxiety and manage healthy relationships.
(669) 260-7360 View (669) 260-7360
Photo of Gloria Rojas, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Gloria Rojas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95050
Hello! My name is Gloria Rojas and I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 20 years of experience in the mental health field. My goal is to provide a safe space to process, heal and rebuild. My services can be provided in English and Spanish and include interventions to identify the problem, find solutions, coping techniques, relaxation/stress management skills, goal setting, task management, insight, and skill building. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Interpersonal Psychotherapy, Problem-Solving Treatment, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
Hello! My name is Gloria Rojas and I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 20 years of experience in the mental health field. My goal is to provide a safe space to process, heal and rebuild. My services can be provided in English and Spanish and include interventions to identify the problem, find solutions, coping techniques, relaxation/stress management skills, goal setting, task management, insight, and skill building. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Interpersonal Psychotherapy, Problem-Solving Treatment, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy
(323) 676-7884 View (323) 676-7884
Photo of Pat McClurg, LMFT, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Pat McClurg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95050
Knowledge is power. Together, we find your inner strengths and apply them to the reasons you seek therapy. The more understanding you have of the specific issues, the better informed decisions you are apt to make in the future. Life is ever changing; issues that arise may continue to impact us in negative ways unless they are addressed effectively. It's never too late to make positive and lasting changes in your life. We'll work together to find ways that improve your ability to understand, cope and sustain the process to a better life.
Knowledge is power. Together, we find your inner strengths and apply them to the reasons you seek therapy. The more understanding you have of the specific issues, the better informed decisions you are apt to make in the future. Life is ever changing; issues that arise may continue to impact us in negative ways unless they are addressed effectively. It's never too late to make positive and lasting changes in your life. We'll work together to find ways that improve your ability to understand, cope and sustain the process to a better life.
(408) 444-9160 View (408) 444-9160
Photo of Phoenix L Quetzal DeLeon, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Phoenix L Quetzal DeLeon
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95051  (Online Only)
Seeking therapy is an act of courage. If you're reading this, welcome! Starting your healing journey by looking for the right-fit therapist is a great beginning, and I invite you to check out my website to get to know me and see if my approach is right for you. I offer individual therapy to adults and teenagers, and I serve immigrant, BIPOC and LGBTQAI2+ communities. Through my work I often support folks who struggle with stress and burnout, body image issues, boundaries, shame/guilt, and recovery from trauma and PTSD. I work best with folks who are ready for change, and who want to engage with the work of healing through therapy.
Seeking therapy is an act of courage. If you're reading this, welcome! Starting your healing journey by looking for the right-fit therapist is a great beginning, and I invite you to check out my website to get to know me and see if my approach is right for you. I offer individual therapy to adults and teenagers, and I serve immigrant, BIPOC and LGBTQAI2+ communities. Through my work I often support folks who struggle with stress and burnout, body image issues, boundaries, shame/guilt, and recovery from trauma and PTSD. I work best with folks who are ready for change, and who want to engage with the work of healing through therapy.
(408) 539-9566 View (408) 539-9566
Photo of Natalie Glassburg, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Natalie Glassburg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95051
Hi, my name is Natalie Glassburg and I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I provide compassionate, solution-focused therapy to help you navigate through life's hurdles with confidence. I work with adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction, and life transitions. I approach therapy with a willingness to truly understand who you are, your values and your strengths. I help you develop skills and confidence in yourself to be able to better manage your thoughts and emotions. I primarily use Solution-Focused Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with an emphasis on mindfulness.
Hi, my name is Natalie Glassburg and I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I provide compassionate, solution-focused therapy to help you navigate through life's hurdles with confidence. I work with adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction, and life transitions. I approach therapy with a willingness to truly understand who you are, your values and your strengths. I help you develop skills and confidence in yourself to be able to better manage your thoughts and emotions. I primarily use Solution-Focused Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with an emphasis on mindfulness.
(408) 539-0511 View (408) 539-0511
Photo of Corinne E. London, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Corinne E. London
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95050
As a holistic psychotherapist, I strive to assist clients in finding wholeness where they may feel fragmented. I invite all parts of you to therapy. The parts that may be hiding, fearful, or even curious. I believe that whether you are experiencing anxiety, a life transition, or trauma, there is intelligence in each of those parts that I welcome. If you find yourself feeling stuck in cycles of dysfunction and unable to move past certain thresholds, please know I believe your struggle is real. Consider taking a deeper dive into therapy to heal burdens and move forward into the self you want to be in the world.
As a holistic psychotherapist, I strive to assist clients in finding wholeness where they may feel fragmented. I invite all parts of you to therapy. The parts that may be hiding, fearful, or even curious. I believe that whether you are experiencing anxiety, a life transition, or trauma, there is intelligence in each of those parts that I welcome. If you find yourself feeling stuck in cycles of dysfunction and unable to move past certain thresholds, please know I believe your struggle is real. Consider taking a deeper dive into therapy to heal burdens and move forward into the self you want to be in the world.
(650) 246-4949 View (650) 246-4949
Photo of Shahna Duerksen, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Shahna Duerksen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95051
Welcome here. I'm Shahna Duerksen, a licensed marriage and family therapist who realizes what a big step it might have been for you to reach out for support. You're in the right place. Are you a woman 18 years and older who may struggle with being a people-pleaser, has poor boundaries, may have a pattern of putting your needs last, struggles with stress, parenting challenges, adult ADHD or later in life ADHD diagnosis, infertility, depression, anxiety, relationships, and are in need of support and of a deeper connection and understanding of yourself?
Welcome here. I'm Shahna Duerksen, a licensed marriage and family therapist who realizes what a big step it might have been for you to reach out for support. You're in the right place. Are you a woman 18 years and older who may struggle with being a people-pleaser, has poor boundaries, may have a pattern of putting your needs last, struggles with stress, parenting challenges, adult ADHD or later in life ADHD diagnosis, infertility, depression, anxiety, relationships, and are in need of support and of a deeper connection and understanding of yourself?
(408) 638-6778 View (408) 638-6778
Photo of Marie S. Goulart, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Marie S. Goulart
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95050
I arrive at the intersection of compassion & collaboration as I respectfully guide my clients to explore new levels of awareness, self-empowerment, flow, & understanding. Working towards cognitive flexibility, wholeness, and healing. Using empathy & unconditional positive regard as a foundation, I may occasionally challenge you to bring forward awareness with a more direct approach. I welcome the motivation or perhaps ambivalence that comes along with seeking treatment. There is no perfection in the layers that define us, just a journey of experiences & lessons that await discovery, growth and honor.
I arrive at the intersection of compassion & collaboration as I respectfully guide my clients to explore new levels of awareness, self-empowerment, flow, & understanding. Working towards cognitive flexibility, wholeness, and healing. Using empathy & unconditional positive regard as a foundation, I may occasionally challenge you to bring forward awareness with a more direct approach. I welcome the motivation or perhaps ambivalence that comes along with seeking treatment. There is no perfection in the layers that define us, just a journey of experiences & lessons that await discovery, growth and honor.
(408) 418-2618 View (408) 418-2618
Photo of Michelle M Buckley, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Michelle M Buckley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95050
My main goal is to provide a supportive environment for you to identify what obstacles are preventing you from living a more satisfying life. Together, we will explore your resiliency and tools that you already have in your "tool box" to overcome such challenges. I have experience providing support to individuals with depression, anxiety, and anger management issues, trauma and trauma recovery, crisis intervention, processing previous and recent sexual assault or sexual abuse, and adolescent emotional/behavioral issues.
My main goal is to provide a supportive environment for you to identify what obstacles are preventing you from living a more satisfying life. Together, we will explore your resiliency and tools that you already have in your "tool box" to overcome such challenges. I have experience providing support to individuals with depression, anxiety, and anger management issues, trauma and trauma recovery, crisis intervention, processing previous and recent sexual assault or sexual abuse, and adolescent emotional/behavioral issues.
(408) 762-3167 View (408) 762-3167
Photo of Shari Grande, MSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Shari Grande
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Clara, CA 95051  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about supporting adults through times of life transitions. These life shifts can be full of both excitement or dread and tremendous adjustment. I offer multimodal strategies for adult clients struggling with career optimization, in many cases due to (undiagnosed) ADHD based performance issues. Clinical specialties include: adult ADHD and Executive Functioning Coaching, perfectionism and shame resilience, codependency, imposter syndrome, relationship issues, communication problems, low self-esteem, grief and loss, parent coaching, self-regulation, anger management and treatment of anxiety and depression.
I am passionate about supporting adults through times of life transitions. These life shifts can be full of both excitement or dread and tremendous adjustment. I offer multimodal strategies for adult clients struggling with career optimization, in many cases due to (undiagnosed) ADHD based performance issues. Clinical specialties include: adult ADHD and Executive Functioning Coaching, perfectionism and shame resilience, codependency, imposter syndrome, relationship issues, communication problems, low self-esteem, grief and loss, parent coaching, self-regulation, anger management and treatment of anxiety and depression.
(408) 418-2572 View (408) 418-2572
Photo of Marie- Nathalie Beaudoin, PhD, MPsy, Psychologist
Marie- Nathalie Beaudoin
Psychologist, PhD, MPsy
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95050
"When there's hope, there's a way"... I am an award winning author, international lecturer, consultant, and therapist for individual, couples, families, and children/adolescents, with a warm, non-judgmental and collaborative style. If your life is not as satisfying as it could be, and you have that secret wish things could be different, it may be worth trying to talk about it; sometimes a single meeting can make a difference and reconnect you with inner peace, fresh ideas, or a clearer, empowering direction.
"When there's hope, there's a way"... I am an award winning author, international lecturer, consultant, and therapist for individual, couples, families, and children/adolescents, with a warm, non-judgmental and collaborative style. If your life is not as satisfying as it could be, and you have that secret wish things could be different, it may be worth trying to talk about it; sometimes a single meeting can make a difference and reconnect you with inner peace, fresh ideas, or a clearer, empowering direction.
(408) 713-6382 View (408) 713-6382
Photo of Aaron Uchikura, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Aaron Uchikura
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95050
I trust the healing and growth potential of the therapeutic process and therapist-client relationship. My approach to counseling is relationship-focused, client-centered, and holistic. I am skilled at listening, asking effective questions, and inviting clients to examine their presenting concerns or struggles in a safe and supportive way. I specialize in relationship issues, depression, anxiety, trauma, parenting, the psyche of current and former athletes as well as themes of race and cultural identity.
I trust the healing and growth potential of the therapeutic process and therapist-client relationship. My approach to counseling is relationship-focused, client-centered, and holistic. I am skilled at listening, asking effective questions, and inviting clients to examine their presenting concerns or struggles in a safe and supportive way. I specialize in relationship issues, depression, anxiety, trauma, parenting, the psyche of current and former athletes as well as themes of race and cultural identity.
(503) 749-7995 View (503) 749-7995
Photo of Donald D St Louis, DMin, LMFT, CSAT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Donald D St Louis
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMin, LMFT, CSAT
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95050
Family of origin is our primary learning lab for life. It is where we get our most basic information: is the world a safe place? What does it mean to be a human person? What about feelings? Is it ok to talk about them? it is where we learn about relationships, communication, and intimacy, and where we learn rules and roles that we use to navigate our way through life. Accordingly, in therapy we will explore these early experiences to illuminate why we are the way we are and why we do the things we do in the present.
Family of origin is our primary learning lab for life. It is where we get our most basic information: is the world a safe place? What does it mean to be a human person? What about feelings? Is it ok to talk about them? it is where we learn about relationships, communication, and intimacy, and where we learn rules and roles that we use to navigate our way through life. Accordingly, in therapy we will explore these early experiences to illuminate why we are the way we are and why we do the things we do in the present.
(408) 580-8797 View (408) 580-8797
Photo of Melanie J Cauble, MA, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melanie J Cauble
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Santa Clara, CA 95050  (Online Only)
If you're feeling the weight of life's challenges, experiencing a general sense of dissatisfaction or struggling to find a balance in your life, I'd like to offer my support. Creating a time and space to focus on you is a great first step to increasing satisfaction and happiness. With a holistic based training, I will work with you to see with new perspectives and new possibilities. Everyone's path in life is unique, and together we can explore what is right for you, to improve your connections both with others and with yourself.
If you're feeling the weight of life's challenges, experiencing a general sense of dissatisfaction or struggling to find a balance in your life, I'd like to offer my support. Creating a time and space to focus on you is a great first step to increasing satisfaction and happiness. With a holistic based training, I will work with you to see with new perspectives and new possibilities. Everyone's path in life is unique, and together we can explore what is right for you, to improve your connections both with others and with yourself.
(408) 560-2735 View (408) 560-2735
Photo of Jen Yip, MA, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Jen Yip
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95051
In marital, parental and other relationships, conflicts are inevitable. Most common are couples', parents and adult children's unresolved entangled issues. It can bring out the worst of you. I am willing to help with my own experience and professional trainings. Time itself is not enough to heal, with help you can shorten the struggles, find the peace and move on with a better version of yourself.
In marital, parental and other relationships, conflicts are inevitable. Most common are couples', parents and adult children's unresolved entangled issues. It can bring out the worst of you. I am willing to help with my own experience and professional trainings. Time itself is not enough to heal, with help you can shorten the struggles, find the peace and move on with a better version of yourself.
(408) 837-5845 View (408) 837-5845
Photo of David A Martinez, PhD, Psychologist
David A Martinez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Santa Clara, CA 95054  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I provide care for clients who reside in California. I work with people who are interested in improving: Depression; Social Anxiety and other specific phobias; Generalized Anxiety; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Panic Disorder; Health behavior (e.g., adherence, coping with chronic illness, managing chronic pain); Smoking cessation; Insomnia; Trauma/PTSD; Issues related to experiences of LGBTQI+; Sexual health; Grief; and Stress.
I provide care for clients who reside in California. I work with people who are interested in improving: Depression; Social Anxiety and other specific phobias; Generalized Anxiety; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Panic Disorder; Health behavior (e.g., adherence, coping with chronic illness, managing chronic pain); Smoking cessation; Insomnia; Trauma/PTSD; Issues related to experiences of LGBTQI+; Sexual health; Grief; and Stress.
(510) 937-3211 View (510) 937-3211
1

Interpersonal Therapists

Is interpersonal therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found interpersonal therapy to be effective for life transitions including retirement, divorce, and job loss. Also, some studies have found it to be just as useful as medication and other therapy approaches. The benefits of interpersonal therapy can last long after treatment has been completed; the individual can use the tenets of this therapy throughout their life.

How long does interpersonal therapy take?

Interpersonal psychotherapy is normally time-limited and focuses on specific problems in the client’s everyday relationships. Treatment can be either one-on-one or take place in a group setting; it tends to last 12 to 16 weeks, depending on the individual client’s needs. If a new interpersonal problem arises in the future, the client may require additional therapy to address it specifically. The timeline and session schedule may vary depending on the client’s challenges as well as their progress. Treatment may conclude with wrap-up sessions to review the client’s accomplishments.

Is interpersonal therapy effective?

Research shows that interpersonal therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of conditions such as depression or anxiety. The approach may also offer a range of benefits that are hard to measure but valuable—including healthier relationships and improved feelings of self-worth. The therapist will give the client practical solutions that can be put into practice. The brief duration of this therapy also means that clients can see changes in their relationships fairly quickly.

What are the limitations of interpersonal therapy?

Interpersonal therapy may not effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as psychosis, chronic illness, or alcohol relapse. Because it is short-term in nature, it may not be the best approach for conditions that need to be tracked, though maintenance sessions are a viable approach under these circumstances.

Can interpersonal psychotherapy be done online?

Yes, interpersonal psychotherapy can be conducted effectively either in-person or online. A therapist with expertise in IPT will be able to adjust their techniques, such as role-playing, to better suit the online environment. Offering online IPT can make it more accessible for clients who have transportation difficulties; it also provides the ideal opportunity to explore challenges unique to digital relationships.