Therapists in Fillmore, San Francisco, CA

Photo of Bridget Sumser, MSW, LCSW, APHSW-C, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Bridget Sumser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, APHSW-C
Verified Verified
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94115
I am a licensed clinical social worker providing relational therapy and coaching. I am a deep believer in the healing power and growth potential available through connection. It is a great honor to sit across from you to witness, to learn, to reflect back all that is working its way through your life. This is a place to come and be seen, heard and known.
I am a licensed clinical social worker providing relational therapy and coaching. I am a deep believer in the healing power and growth potential available through connection. It is a great honor to sit across from you to witness, to learn, to reflect back all that is working its way through your life. This is a place to come and be seen, heard and known.
(415) 367-0589 View (415) 367-0589
Photo of Julie Look, PsyD, Psychologist
Julie Look
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102
Life can be complicated and confusing. Making room for joy, for satisfaction – for even a deep breath – can get pushed aside amid the demands of family, school, work, and the flood of world news. You may be struggling with newness, such as new parenthood or going away to college, or with the loss of a loved one or a long-term way of living. You may have experienced a traumatic event, or be concerned with emotional eating. Or maybe you just feel that something isn’t quite right, as an individual or as a couple, even though life looks fine on the surface.
Life can be complicated and confusing. Making room for joy, for satisfaction – for even a deep breath – can get pushed aside amid the demands of family, school, work, and the flood of world news. You may be struggling with newness, such as new parenthood or going away to college, or with the loss of a loved one or a long-term way of living. You may have experienced a traumatic event, or be concerned with emotional eating. Or maybe you just feel that something isn’t quite right, as an individual or as a couple, even though life looks fine on the surface.
(415) 634-3993 View (415) 634-3993
Photo of Dr. J M Hou - Dr. JM Licensed Psychologist, PhD, MSEd, Psychologist
Dr. JM Licensed Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD, MSEd
Verified Verified
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102
I work with unique individuals who are seemingly successful and happy but deep inside feel lost, alone, even if they are in a relationship, and often feel like they don't belong or struggle to be present in life. With expertise gathered from years of experience across borders, time zones and cultures, I dive alongside men and women into the deep ocean of darkness— including all types of diversity, in-between/intersecting identities, worldwide travelers, high-achieving/performing and creative people. I am Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) certified and was formerly a clinical supervisor and psychologist at Johns Hopkins University.
I work with unique individuals who are seemingly successful and happy but deep inside feel lost, alone, even if they are in a relationship, and often feel like they don't belong or struggle to be present in life. With expertise gathered from years of experience across borders, time zones and cultures, I dive alongside men and women into the deep ocean of darkness— including all types of diversity, in-between/intersecting identities, worldwide travelers, high-achieving/performing and creative people. I am Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) certified and was formerly a clinical supervisor and psychologist at Johns Hopkins University.
(714) 464-7616 View (714) 464-7616
Photo of Giulia P. Davis, MA, AMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Giulia P. Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
Are you rocking that 'got-it-together' facade, but deep down you're really falling apart? You're not alone. Life's throwing punches, and the struggle is real. You're seeking direction and clarity, but you feel stuck, caught in self-doubt, and trapped in "stay or leave" dilemmas. The uncertainty is unsettling and you start questioning everything about your relationship…and yourself. Whether it's your marriage, career, or the sheer weight of everything around you—I get it. It's like having a hundred tabs open in your mind at once, making it hard to think straight and perform as you envision. You're exhausted. It's time for a change.
Are you rocking that 'got-it-together' facade, but deep down you're really falling apart? You're not alone. Life's throwing punches, and the struggle is real. You're seeking direction and clarity, but you feel stuck, caught in self-doubt, and trapped in "stay or leave" dilemmas. The uncertainty is unsettling and you start questioning everything about your relationship…and yourself. Whether it's your marriage, career, or the sheer weight of everything around you—I get it. It's like having a hundred tabs open in your mind at once, making it hard to think straight and perform as you envision. You're exhausted. It's time for a change.
(415) 692-3541 View (415) 692-3541
Photo of Damon Johnson - You Exploration with damon johnson, lcsw, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
You Exploration with damon johnson, lcsw
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
YOU are desiring clarification and willing to conduct self-exploration. You are troubled by a recent or historical trauma and are seeking peace of mind, restoration of self, or closure. You have noticed a drastic shift in your mood and no explanation for it. Unable to concentrate due to fixation on visions others deny seeing or are receiving commands from a voice not your own. You want tools to help manage daily stressors. You may need an objective "ear" to hear you without judgement. You are here to seek help, let's chat and confirm YOU EXPLORATION with damon johnson, lcsw is the practice to meet your personal/clinical needs.
YOU are desiring clarification and willing to conduct self-exploration. You are troubled by a recent or historical trauma and are seeking peace of mind, restoration of self, or closure. You have noticed a drastic shift in your mood and no explanation for it. Unable to concentrate due to fixation on visions others deny seeing or are receiving commands from a voice not your own. You want tools to help manage daily stressors. You may need an objective "ear" to hear you without judgement. You are here to seek help, let's chat and confirm YOU EXPLORATION with damon johnson, lcsw is the practice to meet your personal/clinical needs.
(628) 500-9064 View (628) 500-9064
Photo of Sharleen Lal, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Sharleen Lal
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94115
Hi, my name is Sharleen Lal I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT). I practice in California, and I provide telehealth services statewide. I work with adults and specialize in Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the Trauma Focus Model to help my clients feel supported and understand they are not on this life journey alone. My communication style includes being direct, actively listening, building trust and rapport, and being personable. I want my clients to feel comfortable and safe talking with me about anything and understanding my capability to listen without judgment.
Hi, my name is Sharleen Lal I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT). I practice in California, and I provide telehealth services statewide. I work with adults and specialize in Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the Trauma Focus Model to help my clients feel supported and understand they are not on this life journey alone. My communication style includes being direct, actively listening, building trust and rapport, and being personable. I want my clients to feel comfortable and safe talking with me about anything and understanding my capability to listen without judgment.
(415) 704-6981 View (415) 704-6981
Photo of Adam Clark-Tan, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Adam Clark-Tan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102
Do your worries or thoughts feel overwhelming? Do your compulsive behaviors feel out of your control? Now imagine that you can experience your thoughts and feelings without getting stuck trying to block them, change them, or act on them. Imagine being able to spend time with the people you love and accomplishing your goals. If you are ready to live your life joyfully, let's talk.
Do your worries or thoughts feel overwhelming? Do your compulsive behaviors feel out of your control? Now imagine that you can experience your thoughts and feelings without getting stuck trying to block them, change them, or act on them. Imagine being able to spend time with the people you love and accomplishing your goals. If you are ready to live your life joyfully, let's talk.
(415) 779-7705 View (415) 779-7705
Photo of Laura Wald, PhD, Psychologist
Laura Wald
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychologist with 20+ years of experience. My style is warm, collaborative and down to earth. Along with helping you identify patterns and stuck places, I offer new perspectives and coping skills training to help you overcome challenges and live a fulfilling life.
I am a licensed psychologist with 20+ years of experience. My style is warm, collaborative and down to earth. Along with helping you identify patterns and stuck places, I offer new perspectives and coping skills training to help you overcome challenges and live a fulfilling life.
(415) 702-0982 View (415) 702-0982
Photo of Avital Wolf, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Avital Wolf
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102
I currently have openings for telehealth Sunday-Thursday, especially for relationship sessions (couples and more) for folks who are Polyam+. As I go into my 8th year as a therapist I continue to offer a non judgemental safe space and open ears for those looking for psychological support. I support you through the hot mess that life can be and the hurdles that come up. I offer relational collaborative work where we create you treatment plan together. I maintain a safe(r) space for all race, faith, gender, and sexuality identities, as well as work with people exploring these topics. I look forward to working with you!
I currently have openings for telehealth Sunday-Thursday, especially for relationship sessions (couples and more) for folks who are Polyam+. As I go into my 8th year as a therapist I continue to offer a non judgemental safe space and open ears for those looking for psychological support. I support you through the hot mess that life can be and the hurdles that come up. I offer relational collaborative work where we create you treatment plan together. I maintain a safe(r) space for all race, faith, gender, and sexuality identities, as well as work with people exploring these topics. I look forward to working with you!
(628) 227-6315 View (628) 227-6315
Photo of Araceli Leza, PsyD, Psychologist
Araceli Leza
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with adults, teens, and relationships of all races/ethnicities, abilities, sizes, genders, spiritual beliefs, and relationship styles. Wherever you are along the gender and sexuality spectrum, from teens to older adults, you are welcome and supported here.
I enjoy working with adults, teens, and relationships of all races/ethnicities, abilities, sizes, genders, spiritual beliefs, and relationship styles. Wherever you are along the gender and sexuality spectrum, from teens to older adults, you are welcome and supported here.
(628) 209-6481 View (628) 209-6481
Photo of Todd Troutman, PsyD, MA, Psychologist
Todd Troutman
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102
I have been working and teaching in the mental health field for the past 18 years and have helped many people grow, live a more authentic life and form stronger bonds with the ones they love. I believe a good therapeutic relationship forms the foundation from which emotional growth and change occur. I create a warm, playful and collaborative environment where your thoughts and feelings can be safely experienced and explored. Ultimately, a good experience in therapy should help you to become more yourself and feel more secure in who that is.
I have been working and teaching in the mental health field for the past 18 years and have helped many people grow, live a more authentic life and form stronger bonds with the ones they love. I believe a good therapeutic relationship forms the foundation from which emotional growth and change occur. I create a warm, playful and collaborative environment where your thoughts and feelings can be safely experienced and explored. Ultimately, a good experience in therapy should help you to become more yourself and feel more secure in who that is.
(415) 895-2566 View (415) 895-2566
Photo of Nika Ayat, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist
Nika Ayat
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102
I work with passionate people who deeply want to feel connected and loved, but find themselves hurting in relationships. My clients come from backgrounds where they weren’t taught healthy relationship skills, and they realize they're stuck in patterns they want to change, such as self-judgment or blame, self-sabotage, avoidance, relational anxiety, codependency, or abuse. My mindset is everyone is doing the best they can with what they know. With a curious mind and multicultural lens, I help make meaning of your experiences, shed light on what exists outside your awareness, and help you learn new ways of feeling connected and loved.
I work with passionate people who deeply want to feel connected and loved, but find themselves hurting in relationships. My clients come from backgrounds where they weren’t taught healthy relationship skills, and they realize they're stuck in patterns they want to change, such as self-judgment or blame, self-sabotage, avoidance, relational anxiety, codependency, or abuse. My mindset is everyone is doing the best they can with what they know. With a curious mind and multicultural lens, I help make meaning of your experiences, shed light on what exists outside your awareness, and help you learn new ways of feeling connected and loved.
(415) 914-9238 View (415) 914-9238
Photo of Andy Nguyen, PsyD, Psychologist
Andy Nguyen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102
Perhaps you reached the top of the mountain only to ask, now what? An adamant voice says there is no life worth leading unless you are exceptional. Or you manage things on the surface seamlessly only to feel overwhelmed behind closed doors. It would make so much sense. Our environment has demanded more in recent times—be more, do more, have more—all at once. It is not by chance we exist in the age of superheroes and social media. There are bigger shoes for us and our children to grow into yet not enough room to play or tend to the inner person. Perhaps we learned ways to survive that no longer serve us.
Perhaps you reached the top of the mountain only to ask, now what? An adamant voice says there is no life worth leading unless you are exceptional. Or you manage things on the surface seamlessly only to feel overwhelmed behind closed doors. It would make so much sense. Our environment has demanded more in recent times—be more, do more, have more—all at once. It is not by chance we exist in the age of superheroes and social media. There are bigger shoes for us and our children to grow into yet not enough room to play or tend to the inner person. Perhaps we learned ways to survive that no longer serve us.
(415) 366-9097 View (415) 366-9097
Photo of Dan Zuiches - Dan Zuiches MBA PhD, PhD, MBA, Psychologist
Dan Zuiches MBA PhD
Psychologist, PhD, MBA
Verified Verified
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I work with high-functioning professionals whose stressful lives are causing relationship issues, depression, or anxiety. I have a passion for helping organizational leaders better manage their work-life balance. By talking things through with an expert you can get a better handle on your difficulties, and realize your potential.
I work with high-functioning professionals whose stressful lives are causing relationship issues, depression, or anxiety. I have a passion for helping organizational leaders better manage their work-life balance. By talking things through with an expert you can get a better handle on your difficulties, and realize your potential.
(415) 488-8372 View (415) 488-8372
Photo of Pablo Lo Giudice, LPCC
Pablo Lo Giudice
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102
I'm Pablo, a Spanish-bilingual psychotherapist with a focus on rapid, results-oriented therapy. I offer a compassionate yet confrontational approach to facilitating meaningful change. Do not settle for solitude or succumb to despair or depression. You can learn to nurture a partnership, to enjoy sexual intimacy, to create meaningful relationships and to set healthy boundaries with those around you. Life CAN be beautiful!
I'm Pablo, a Spanish-bilingual psychotherapist with a focus on rapid, results-oriented therapy. I offer a compassionate yet confrontational approach to facilitating meaningful change. Do not settle for solitude or succumb to despair or depression. You can learn to nurture a partnership, to enjoy sexual intimacy, to create meaningful relationships and to set healthy boundaries with those around you. Life CAN be beautiful!
(415) 598-1505 View (415) 598-1505
Photo of Bart Magee, PhD
Bart Magee
PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102
Therapy doesn't have to be a mysterious and confusing process. I believe that it should be linked directly to one's personal goals and desire for change. I'll work with you to enhance your self-knowledge, expand your emotional awareness and thinking to provide you new ways of solving problems and enhancing well-being. My style is direct and collaborative and aims to identify patterns of thinking, feeling, acting and relating that reinforce fears and negative attitudes, thereby limiting your ability to pursue your goals. Exploring the underlying forces and dynamics driving those patterns opens up new avenues for growth and change.
Therapy doesn't have to be a mysterious and confusing process. I believe that it should be linked directly to one's personal goals and desire for change. I'll work with you to enhance your self-knowledge, expand your emotional awareness and thinking to provide you new ways of solving problems and enhancing well-being. My style is direct and collaborative and aims to identify patterns of thinking, feeling, acting and relating that reinforce fears and negative attitudes, thereby limiting your ability to pursue your goals. Exploring the underlying forces and dynamics driving those patterns opens up new avenues for growth and change.
(650) 603-0523 View (650) 603-0523
Photo of Emily Wong, MA, Marriage & Family Therapist
Emily Wong
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I believe that therapy is a collaborative process. I take a compassionate approach to helping people identify their strengths, but I also keep it real and authentically reflect what I am seeing.
I believe that therapy is a collaborative process. I take a compassionate approach to helping people identify their strengths, but I also keep it real and authentically reflect what I am seeing.
(415) 301-4337 View (415) 301-4337
Photo of Dr. Mini Rattu, PsyD, MS, Psychologist
Dr. Mini Rattu
Psychologist, PsyD, MS
Verified Verified
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Are you feeling burned out, anxious about getting things done, or having recurring distressing thoughts? Do you feel stagnant to reach your higher potential? Or maybe you struggle with low self esteem and poor confidence to communicate your needs. Well, you’re not alone! My name is Dr. Mini and I am a Licensed Psychologist with a passion for helping people on their mental health journeys. Life can be tough at times, but with the right support, you’ll learn to turn your obstacles into stepping stones into a better future.
Are you feeling burned out, anxious about getting things done, or having recurring distressing thoughts? Do you feel stagnant to reach your higher potential? Or maybe you struggle with low self esteem and poor confidence to communicate your needs. Well, you’re not alone! My name is Dr. Mini and I am a Licensed Psychologist with a passion for helping people on their mental health journeys. Life can be tough at times, but with the right support, you’ll learn to turn your obstacles into stepping stones into a better future.
(415) 943-4929 View (415) 943-4929
Photo of Kelsey Harrington, PsyD, Psychologist
Kelsey Harrington
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94102
People can feel stuck in their lives for many reasons. You may have vague feelings of dissatisfaction, or have an idea of what isn’t working but struggle to find a way forward. Perhaps you're feeling overwhelmed by familiar feelings from earlier difficulties or trauma that are being stirred up by current situations. My aim is to help you uncover the meanings and underlying causes of patterns of thinking, feeling, and interacting that may be holding you back. These can emerge in addressing day-to-day challenges, or while untangling old narratives formed by deeply rooted experiences.
People can feel stuck in their lives for many reasons. You may have vague feelings of dissatisfaction, or have an idea of what isn’t working but struggle to find a way forward. Perhaps you're feeling overwhelmed by familiar feelings from earlier difficulties or trauma that are being stirred up by current situations. My aim is to help you uncover the meanings and underlying causes of patterns of thinking, feeling, and interacting that may be holding you back. These can emerge in addressing day-to-day challenges, or while untangling old narratives formed by deeply rooted experiences.
(415) 598-5002 View (415) 598-5002
Photo of Jennifer M. Edwards, ASW, MSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Jennifer M. Edwards
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ASW, MSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Fillmore, San Francisco, CA 94122  (Online Only)
Currently accepting new clients. Are you an athlete, young adult transitioning from college to career, or struggling with confidence? Let's create goals and visualize them! We'll explore your strengths and struggles and create a foundation of self-confidence to fuel your ambition and reach your goals. My areas of specialty include: young adult life transitions, athletes, grief, aging and end of life, anxiety, depression, childhood/adult trauma, family counseling, and couples counseling.
Currently accepting new clients. Are you an athlete, young adult transitioning from college to career, or struggling with confidence? Let's create goals and visualize them! We'll explore your strengths and struggles and create a foundation of self-confidence to fuel your ambition and reach your goals. My areas of specialty include: young adult life transitions, athletes, grief, aging and end of life, anxiety, depression, childhood/adult trauma, family counseling, and couples counseling.
(949) 799-4334 View (949) 799-4334
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How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fillmore, San Francisco, CA

900+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Fillmore, San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
85% Depression
84% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
57% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Fillmore, San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% Online Only
45% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fillmore, San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.